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Electric car EPA fuel economy
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<p>The following table compares official <a href="/facts/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency/ghI985SI">EPA</a> ratings for <a href="/facts/Fuel_economy_in_automobiles/Nslwm6vu">fuel economy</a> (in <a href="/facts/Miles_per_gallon_gasoline_equivalent/HGmYreVp">miles per gallon gasoline equivalent</a>, mpg-e or MPGe, for <a href="/facts/Plug-in_electric_vehicle/7e0gKmgX">plug-in electric vehicles</a>) for series production all-electric passenger vehicles rated by the EPA for model years 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2023 versus the model year 2016 vehicles that were rated the most efficient by the EPA with <a href="/facts/Plug-in_hybrid/1jjATp8l">plug-in hybrid</a> drivetrains (<a href="/facts/Chevrolet_Volt_(second_generation)/uYaRCBwW">Chevrolet Volt – second generation</a>), <a href="/facts/Hybrid_electric_vehicle/Ia53ts30">gasoline-electric hybrid</a> drivetrains (<a href="/facts/Toyota_Prius/UBj0Wr3v">Toyota Prius Eco - fourth generation</a>), and the average new vehicle for that model year, which has a fuel economy of 25 mpg‑US (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg‑imp). </p><p>EPA rating data are taken from manufacturer testing of their own vehicles using a series of tests specified by federal law. Manufacturers usually conduct the tests using pre-production prototypes. Manufacturers report the results to EPA. The EPA then reviews the results and selects about 15%–20% of them to confirm through their own tests at the National Vehicles and Fuel Emissions Laboratory. </p> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="8">Comparison of top fuel efficient battery-electric vehicles versus most efficient fossil fuel vehicles (including hybrid-electric vehicles)(Fuel economy as displayed in the <a href="/facts/Monroney_label/EfJmV8pK">Monroney label</a>)</th></tr><tr><th rowspan="2">Vehicle</th><th rowspan="2">Modelyear</th><th colspan="3">EPA rated fuel economy</th><th rowspan="2">Notes</th></tr><tr><th>Combined</th><th>City</th><th>Highway</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Toyota_Prius/UBj0Wr3v">Toyota Prius</a> <a href="/facts/Hybrid_electric_vehicle/Ia53ts30">HEV</a></td><td>2023</td><td>57 mpg</td><td>57 mpg</td><td>56 mpg</td><td>(9)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Hyundai_Ioniq_6/YVJxPdFh">Hyundai Ioniq 6</a> Long Range RWD w/ 18-inch wheels</td><td>2023</td><td>140 mpg‑e24.1 kWh/100 mi; 15.0 kWh/100 km</td><td>153 mpg‑e22.0 kWh/100 mi; 13.7 kWh/100 km</td><td>127 mpg‑e26.5 kWh/100 mi; 16.5 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Lucid_Air/yxT5fsxs">Lucid Air</a> Pure AWD w/ 19-inch wheels</td><td>2023</td><td>140 mpg‑e24.1 kWh/100 mi; 15.0 kWh/100 km</td><td>141 mpg‑e23.9 kWh/100 mi; 14.9 kWh/100 km</td><td>140 mpg‑e24.1 kWh/100 mi; 15.0 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Tesla_Model_Y/SLBfQsTz">Tesla Model Y</a> AWD</td><td>2023</td><td>123 mpg‑e27.4 kWh/100 mi; 17.0 kWh/100 km</td><td>129 mpg‑e26.1 kWh/100 mi; 16.2 kWh/100 km</td><td>116 mpg‑e29.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.1 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Tesla_Model_3/cLFeRCvX">Tesla Model 3</a> Standard Range</td><td>2020</td><td>141 mpg‑e23.9 kWh/100 mi; 14.9 kWh/100 km</td><td>148 mpg‑e22.8 kWh/100 mi; 14.2 kWh/100 km</td><td>132 mpg‑e25.5 kWh/100 mi; 15.9 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Hyundai_Ioniq_Electric/kM5bLUwa">Hyundai Ioniq Electric</a></td><td>2017</td><td>136 mpg‑e24.8 kWh/100 mi; 15.4 kWh/100 km</td><td>150 mpg‑e22.5 kWh/100 mi; 14.0 kWh/100 km</td><td>122 mpg‑e27.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.2 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1) (4)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/BMW_i3/ke3yREIa">BMW i3</a> (60 <a href="/facts/Ampere_hour/H8qKSLtk">A·h</a>)</td><td>2014/15/16</td><td>124 mpg‑e27.2 kWh/100 mi; 16.9 kWh/100 km</td><td>137 mpg‑e24.6 kWh/100 mi; 15.3 kWh/100 km</td><td>111 mpg‑e30.4 kWh/100 mi; 18.9 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1) (3) (4) (5)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Scion_iQ_EV/Eu6gHLmv">Scion iQ EV</a></td><td>2013</td><td>121 mpg‑e27.9 kWh/100 mi; 17.3 kWh/100 km</td><td>138 mpg‑e24.4 kWh/100 mi; 15.2 kWh/100 km</td><td>105 mpg‑e32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Tesla_Model_3/cLFeRCvX">Tesla Model 3 Long Range AWD</a></td><td>2020</td><td>121 mpg‑e27.9 kWh/100 mi; 17.3 kWh/100 km</td><td>124 mpg‑e27.2 kWh/100 mi; 16.9 kWh/100 km</td><td>116 mpg‑e29.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.1 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Chevrolet_Bolt_EV/CGnycj6U">Chevrolet Bolt EV</a></td><td>2017</td><td>119 mpg‑e28.3 kWh/100 mi; 17.6 kWh/100 km</td><td>121 mpg‑e27.9 kWh/100 mi; 17.3 kWh/100 km</td><td>110 mpg‑e30.6 kWh/100 mi; 19.0 kWh/100 km</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Chevrolet_Spark_EV/8rXdjPzb">Chevrolet Spark EV</a></td><td>2014/15/16</td><td>119 mpg‑e28.3 kWh/100 mi; 17.6 kWh/100 km</td><td>128 mpg‑e26.3 kWh/100 mi; 16.4 kWh/100 km</td><td>109 mpg‑e30.9 kWh/100 mi; 19.2 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/BMW_i3/ke3yREIa">BMW i3</a> (94 <a href="/facts/Ampere_hour/H8qKSLtk">A·h</a>)</td><td>2017</td><td>118 mpg‑e28.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.7 kWh/100 km</td><td>129 mpg‑e26.1 kWh/100 mi; 16.2 kWh/100 km</td><td>106 mpg‑e31.8 kWh/100 mi; 19.8 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Honda_Fit_EV/xU9WJtlo">Honda Fit EV</a></td><td>2013/14</td><td>118 mpg‑e28.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.7 kWh/100 km</td><td>132 mpg‑e25.5 kWh/100 mi; 15.9 kWh/100 km</td><td>105 mpg‑e32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Fiat_500e/uzwHdrvG">Fiat 500e</a></td><td>2013/14/15</td><td>116 mpg‑e29.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.1 kWh/100 km</td><td>122 mpg‑e27.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.2 kWh/100 km</td><td>108 mpg‑e31.2 kWh/100 mi; 19.4 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Volkswagen_e-Golf/qL0kUyXr">Volkswagen e-Golf</a></td><td>2015/16</td><td>116 mpg‑e29.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.1 kWh/100 km</td><td>126 mpg‑e26.8 kWh/100 mi; 16.6 kWh/100 km</td><td>105 mpg‑e32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Nissan_Leaf/mwtQebCm">Nissan Leaf</a> (24 kW-h)</td><td>2013/14/15/16</td><td>114 mpg‑e29.6 kWh/100 mi; 18.4 kWh/100 km</td><td>126 mpg‑e26.8 kWh/100 mi; 16.6 kWh/100 km</td><td>101 mpg‑e33.4 kWh/100 mi; 20.7 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1) (6)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Mitsubishi_i-MiEV/q6zctErD">Mitsubishi i</a></td><td>2012/13/14/16</td><td>112 mpg‑e30.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.7 kWh/100 km</td><td>126 mpg‑e26.8 kWh/100 mi; 16.6 kWh/100 km</td><td>99 mpg‑e34.0 kWh/100 mi; 21.2 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Nissan_Leaf/mwtQebCm">Nissan Leaf</a> (30 kW-h)</td><td>2016</td><td>112 mpg‑e30.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.7 kWh/100 km</td><td>124 mpg‑e27.2 kWh/100 mi; 16.9 kWh/100 km</td><td>101 mpg‑e33.4 kWh/100 mi; 20.7 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Fiat_500e/uzwHdrvG">Fiat 500e</a></td><td>2016</td><td>112 mpg‑e30.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.7 kWh/100 km</td><td>121 mpg‑e27.9 kWh/100 mi; 17.3 kWh/100 km</td><td>103 mpg‑e32.7 kWh/100 mi; 20.3 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Smart_electric_drive/zBuNP1Dx">Smart electric drive</a></td><td>2013/14/15/16</td><td>107 mpg‑e31.5 kWh/100 mi; 19.6 kWh/100 km</td><td>122 mpg‑e27.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.2 kWh/100 km</td><td>93 mpg‑e36.2 kWh/100 mi; 22.5 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1) (7)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Kia_Soul_EV/JAQ5fy3t">Kia Soul EV</a></td><td>2015/16</td><td>105 mpg‑e32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km</td><td>120 mpg‑e28.1 kWh/100 mi; 17.5 kWh/100 km</td><td>92 mpg‑e36.6 kWh/100 mi; 22.8 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Ford_Focus_Electric/W3P75JDu">Ford Focus Electric</a></td><td>2012/13/14/15/16</td><td>105 mpg‑e32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km</td><td>110 mpg‑e30.6 kWh/100 mi; 19.0 kWh/100 km</td><td>99 mpg‑e34.0 kWh/100 mi; 21.2 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Tesla_Model_S/2gSqw8RU">Tesla Model S AWD - 70D</a></td><td>2015/16</td><td>101 mpg‑e33.4 kWh/100 mi; 20.7 kWh/100 km</td><td>101 mpg‑e33.4 kWh/100 mi; 20.7 kWh/100 km</td><td>102 mpg‑e33.0 kWh/100 mi; 20.5 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Tesla_Model_S/2gSqw8RU">Tesla Model S AWD - 85D</a> & 90D</td><td>2015/16</td><td>100 mpg‑e33.7 kWh/100 mi; 20.9 kWh/100 km</td><td>95 mpg‑e35.5 kWh/100 mi; 22.0 kWh/100 km</td><td>106 mpg‑e31.8 kWh/100 mi; 19.8 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1) (8)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Tesla_Model_S/2gSqw8RU">Tesla Model S (60 kW·h)</a></td><td>2014/15/16</td><td>95 mpg‑e35.5 kWh/100 mi; 22.0 kWh/100 km</td><td>94 mpg‑e35.9 kWh/100 mi; 22.3 kWh/100 km</td><td>97 mpg‑e34.7 kWh/100 mi; 21.6 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Tesla_Model_S/2gSqw8RU">Tesla Model S AWD - P85D</a> & P90D</td><td>2015/16</td><td>93 mpg‑e36.2 kWh/100 mi; 22.5 kWh/100 km</td><td>89 mpg‑e37.9 kWh/100 mi; 23.5 kWh/100 km</td><td>98 mpg‑e34.4 kWh/100 mi; 21.4 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1) (8)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Tesla_Model_X/1vW31zVf">Tesla Model X AWD – 90D</a></td><td>2016</td><td>92 mpg‑e36.6 kWh/100 mi; 22.8 kWh/100 km</td><td>90 mpg‑e37.5 kWh/100 mi; 23.3 kWh/100 km</td><td>94 mpg‑e35.9 kWh/100 mi; 22.3 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Tesla_Model_X/1vW31zVf">Tesla Model X AWD – P90D</a></td><td>2016</td><td>89 mpg‑e37.9 kWh/100 mi; 23.5 kWh/100 km</td><td>89 mpg‑e37.9 kWh/100 mi; 23.5 kWh/100 km</td><td>90 mpg‑e37.5 kWh/100 mi; 23.3 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Tesla_Model_S/2gSqw8RU">Tesla Model S</a> (85 kW·h)</td><td>2012/13/14/15</td><td>89 mpg‑e37.9 kWh/100 mi; 23.5 kWh/100 km</td><td>88 mpg‑e38.3 kWh/100 mi; 23.8 kWh/100 km</td><td>90 mpg‑e37.5 kWh/100 mi; 23.3 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Mercedes-Benz_B-Class_Electric_Drive/4TJJYJbe">Mercedes-Benz B-Class Electric Drive</a></td><td>2014/15/16</td><td>84 mpg‑e40.1 kWh/100 mi; 24.9 kWh/100 km</td><td>85 mpg‑e39.7 kWh/100 mi; 24.6 kWh/100 km</td><td>83 mpg‑e40.6 kWh/100 mi; 25.2 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Toyota_RAV4_EV/z9kNQerU">Toyota RAV4 EV</a></td><td>2012/13/14</td><td>76 mpg‑e44.3 kWh/100 mi; 27.6 kWh/100 km</td><td>78 mpg‑e43.2 kWh/100 mi; 26.9 kWh/100 km</td><td>74 mpg‑e45.5 kWh/100 mi; 28.3 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/BYD_e6/Tf91Ea9f">BYD e6</a></td><td>2012/13/14/15/16</td><td>63 mpg‑e53.5 kWh/100 mi; 33.2 kWh/100 km</td><td>61 mpg‑e55.3 kWh/100 mi; 34.3 kWh/100 km</td><td>65 mpg‑e51.9 kWh/100 mi; 32.2 kWh/100 km</td><td>(1)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Chevrolet_Volt_(second_generation)/uYaRCBwW">Second gen Chevrolet Volt</a><a href="/facts/Plug-in_hybrid/1jjATp8l">Plug-in hybrid</a> (PHEV) <a href="/facts/Charge-depleting/UIJeoY2E">Electricity only</a></td><td rowspan="2">2016</td><td>106 mpg‑e31.8 kWh/100 mi; 19.8 kWh/100 km</td><td>113 mpg‑e29.8 kWh/100 mi; 18.5 kWh/100 km</td><td>99 mpg‑e34.0 kWh/100 mi; 21.2 kWh/100 km</td><td rowspan="2">(1) (2) (9)</td></tr><tr><td>Volt, Gasoline only</td><td>42 mpg</td><td>43 mpg</td><td>42 mpg</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Toyota_Prius/UBj0Wr3v">Toyota Prius Eco (4th gen)</a> <a href="/facts/Hybrid_electric_vehicle/Ia53ts30">Hybrid electric vehicle</a> (HEV) Gasoline-electric hybrid</td><td>2016</td><td>56 mpg</td><td>58 mpg</td><td>53 mpg</td><td>(2) (10)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Ford_Fusion_(Americas)/WMyhrI63">Ford Fusion AWD A-S6 2.0L</a>Gasoline-powered(Average new vehicle)</td><td>2016</td><td>25 mpg</td><td>22 mpg</td><td>31 mpg</td><td>(2) (11)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="8">Notes: All estimated fuel economy based on 15,000 miles (24,000 km) annual driving, 45% highway and 55% city<p>(1) Conversion 1 gallon of gasoline=33.7 kW·h.(2) The 2014 i3 REx is classified by EPA as a <a href="/facts/Series_hybrid/BN43WXqs">series</a> <a href="/facts/Plug-in_hybrid/1jjATp8l">plug-in hybrid</a>, while for <a href="/facts/CARB/UHmY41Rq">CARB</a> is a <a href="/facts/Range_extender_(vehicle)/zlPLbyQt">range-extended battery-electric vehicle</a> (BEVx). The i3 REx is the most fuel economic EPA-certified current year vehicle with a gasoline engine with a combined gasoline/electricity rating of 88 mpg-e, but its total range is limited to 150 mi (240 km).(3) The 2014/16 BMW i3 (60 A·h) ranked as the most fuel economic EPA-certified vehicle of all fuel types considered in all years until MY 2016. It was surpassed by the 2017 <a href="/facts/Hyundai_Ioniq_Electric/kM5bLUwa">Hyundai Ioniq Electric</a> in November 2016.(4) The <a href="/facts/BMW_i3_REx/ke3yREIa">i3 REx</a> has a combined fuel economy in <a href="/facts/All-electric_mode/UIJeoY2E">all-electric mode</a> of 117 mpg-e (29 kW·h/100 mi; 18 kW⋅h/100 km).(5) The 2016 <a href="/facts/Model_year/z5RUIEK2">model year</a> Leaf correspond to the variant with the 24 kW·h battery pack.(6) Ratings correspond to both convertible and coupe models.(7) Model with 85 <a href="/facts/Kilowatt-hour/qvVkEmPH">kW·h</a> battery pack(8) Most fuel economic plug-in hybrid capable of long distance travel. The 2016 Volt has a rating of 77 mpg-e for combined gasoline/electricity operation.(9) Most fuel economic hybrid electric car.(10) Other 2016 MY cars achieving 25 mpg‑US (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg‑imp) combined city/hwy include the <a href="/facts/Honda_Accord/rIyNuPo1">Honda Accord A-S6 3.5L</a>, <a href="/facts/Toyota_Camry_(XV50)/H5rY677d">Toyota Camry A-S6 3.5L</a> and <a href="/facts/Toyota_RAV4/UAYItSJp">Toyota RAV4 A-S6 2.5L</a>.</p></th></tr></tbody></table> <p> <a href="/facts/ADAC/jeHWH8nC">ADAC</a> also carried out consumption measurements. </p>