Owning the libs

<h2 id="terminology">Terminology</h2>
The phrase "own the libs" comes from a slang usage of the word "<a href="/facts/Owned_(slang)/GfyTG0MS">own</a>", meaning "to dominate," "to defeat," or, "to humiliate."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2">2</a> Variant phrases such as "triggering the libs"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3">3</a> and "melting <a href="/facts/Snowflake_(slang)/LVSMzBhM">snowflakes</a>"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4">4</a> are also used to refer to the strategy. The phrase was coined and popularized by critics of the strategy, including politician <a href="/facts/Nikki_Haley/tFEYPYKD">Nikki Haley</a>, who increased the prominence of the phrase in a 2018 speech in which she criticized the strategy as unpersuasive.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a> It is also used by some who practice the strategy, such as <a href="/facts/Dan_Bongino/fuYgvzJY">Dan Bongino</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a> The phrase dates back to at least 2015.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a>
The "trigger" variants of the phrase come from the idea of <a href="/facts/Trauma_trigger/vhWRXFkv">trauma triggers</a> and "trigger warnings" intended to avoid them.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a> In his 2019 book <a href="/facts/Triggered_(book)/qdSGosGN">Triggered</a>, Donald Trump Jr. says that the purpose of triggering liberals is to oppose <a href="/facts/Political_correctness/HGNd0J4b">political correctness</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a> The strategy is associated with confrontational political slogans such as "fuck your feelings,"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a> and "make liberals cry again."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a>

<h2 id="history">History</h2>
Beginning in the 1980s, conservative talk radio hosts such as <a href="/facts/Rush_Limbaugh/KAuuv2Fq">Rush Limbaugh</a> eschewed the intellectualism of earlier conservatives like <a href="/facts/William_F._Buckley/MVpcct3A">William F. Buckley</a>, instead using a more aggressive and confrontational rhetorical style that frequently employed <a href="/facts/Ad_hominems/Nosco0bG">ad hominems</a>, taunting and hyperbole to attack liberal ideas.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a>
Conservative student activist groups like <a href="/facts/Turning_Point_USA/M7mAk4fE">Turning Point USA</a> and remixes of campus speakers like <a href="/facts/Ben_Shapiro/WjR2Jo57">Ben Shapiro</a> played a key role in developing the strategy during the 2000s and 2010s.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a> The 2008 vice presidential campaign of <a href="/facts/Sarah_Palin/8SrofF7k">Sarah Palin</a> was a precursor to the owning the libs method, according to former Republican strategist and <a href="/facts/Lincoln_Project/xky5bMBY">Lincoln Project</a> co-founder <a href="/facts/Rick_Wilson_(political_consultant)/UlgYcPdu">Rick Wilson</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a> Palin marked a merger between politics and entertainment, causing an anxiety among educated elites that her voters found thrilling.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> Wilson says owning the libs assuages insecurities of people on the American <a href="/facts/Political_right/CVoubHMm">political right</a>, and has become central to the <a href="/facts/Republican_Party_(United_States)/XXM1EVPr">Republican Party</a> because of its success at this.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a> More recently, the strategy is associated with President <a href="/facts/Donald_Trump/pqqKY21P">Donald Trump</a> and his son <a href="/facts/Donald_Trump_Jr./xBzcDFSl">Donald Trump Jr.</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a> The method was adopted by the <a href="/facts/Alt-right/h4XtmDca">alt-right</a> and <a href="/facts/Alt-lite/4KloRrtB">alt-lite</a> as a form of <a href="/facts/Trolling/fQJXsSTN">trolling</a> and antagonism in the mid/late 2010s.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a>

<h2 id="goals">Goals</h2>
Online troll <a href="/facts/Jacob_Wohl/bcn8hWrX">Jacob Wohl</a> has stated that the goal in owning the libs is to evoke in people "the type of unhinged emotional response that you would expect out of somebody who is suffering a serious mental episode."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a> The strategy uses <a href="/facts/Internet_troll/fQJXsSTN">trolling</a> to portray political opponents as weak, biased, or overtly emotional, and to portray oneself as superior because of a lack of emotion.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a> Users of the strategy sometimes seek to be <a href="/facts/Deplatforming/DmeMSYMB">deplatformed</a> in order to gain notoriety.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a>
<a href="/facts/Rutgers_University/dC8074a9">Rutgers University</a> media scholar Khadijah White says the strategy serves to excuse corruption from one's political allies by portraying one's opponents as equally corrupt.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a> Shared enjoyment of owning the libs maintains <a href="/facts/Group_cohesiveness/bAWLQ7rI">group cohesion</a> among a conservative <a href="/facts/Voting_bloc/lvIzsw9K">voting bloc</a>, according to <a href="/facts/Nicole_Hemmer/Dx0gkvoT">Nicole Hemmer</a> of Columbia University. Hemmer views the strategy as a substitute for the cohesive conservative ideology that existed during the <a href="/facts/Cold_War/spJdJQ3q">Cold War</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a>
The phrase "the cruelty is the point" was coined from the title of <a href="/facts/Adam_Serwer/5A0QGtqf">Adam Serwer</a>'s 2018 article in <a href="/facts/The_Atlantic/zVtl4Lcr">The Atlantic</a> about Trump supporters building community together by delighting in the suffering of those they consider outsiders.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a> The phrase and the observation about shared joy in cruelty have been written about in the media as the purpose of owning the libs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a>
Art critic <a href="/facts/Ben_Davis_(art_critic)/hJ93jrDI">Ben Davis</a> has written that the painter <a href="/facts/Jon_McNaughton/8XLrGSM0">Jon McNaughton</a>'s stated goal of creating work that "triggers the left" undersells the sincerity of his work. McNaughton's paintings communicate a "real and popular viewpoint" sincerely held by conservative or reactionary consumers of art, even as the paintings also function as memes intended to upset perceived political enemies.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a>

<h2 id="criticism">Criticism</h2>

The strategy of owning the libs has been criticized by both liberal and conservative observers as an unsuccessful strategy, or as leading only to counterproductive <a href="/facts/Pyrrhic_victory/26dvj1Bf">Pyrrhic victory</a>.
At a 2018 <a href="/facts/Turning_Point_USA/M7mAk4fE">Turning Point USA</a> event, Republican Nikki Haley remarked:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a>

Raise your hand if you've ever posted anything online to <a href="/facts/Scare_quotes/RrKNvNph">quote-unquote</a> own the libs. I know that it's fun and that it can feel good, but step back and think about what you're accomplishing when you do this. Are you persuading anyone? Who are you persuading? We've all been guilty of it at some point or another, but this kind of speech isn't leadership. It's the exact opposite.
In her book Troll Nation, <a href="/facts/Amanda_Marcotte/x0dU3RkM">Amanda Marcotte</a> argues that owning the libs is so central to the political right that any effort to show care and concern for the well-being of others, or even for oneself, is viewed as suspiciously liberal. She gives the example of <a href="/facts/Rolling_coal/83TvYJem">rolling coal</a>, the practice of illegally modifying a diesel <a href="/facts/Pickup_truck/Pe5zVzIB">pickup truck</a> to produce clouds of black smoke.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a> Exhaust from rolling coal is sometimes directed at drivers of fuel-efficient cars and cyclists, in order to offend their presumed liberal <a href="/facts/Environmentalist/L1XexdzQ">environmentalist</a> values. Marcotte argues that rolling coal has no value outside of trolling liberals. It costs the coal-roller money, increases fuel consumption, can void the <a href="/facts/Warranty/kr9BLQFf">warranty</a> of their vehicle, and may violate air-pollution laws. Hence, Marcotte argues, rolling coal is an expensive and counterproductive way to misconstrue environmentalism as an identity marker instead of a policy matter.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a>
In 2020, <a href="/facts/Paul_Waldman/KbGQLEww">Paul Waldman</a> wrote that "hatred of liberals is all that's left of conservatism." He argues that owning the libs has pushed aside all policy goals previously central to Republicans, such as small government and lower taxes, as well as Republican commitment to democracy and patriotism. Waldman gives the example of the <a href="/facts/Texas_v._Pennsylvania/n2lzWWxp">Texas v. Pennsylvania</a> lawsuit and the physical violence threatened against Republicans who refused to join the suit.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a>

<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Dirtbag_left/tw4gmmCw">Dirtbag left</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Schadenfreude/W7kSHltA">Schadenfreude</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2>
<ul><li>Grossmann, Matthew; Hopkins, David A. (2016). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O1KsDAAAQBAJ">Asymmetric Politics: Ideological Republicans and Group Interest Democrats</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9780190626600.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Amanda_Marcotte/x0dU3RkM">Marcotte, Amanda</a> (2018). Troll Nation: How The Right Became Trump-Worshipping Monsters Set On Rat-F*cking Liberals, America, and Truth Itself. Hot Books Press. p. 60. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1510737457.</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Coppins, McKay (May 28, 2018). "Trump's Right-Hand Troll". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020. <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2018/05/stephen-miller-trump-adviser/561317/" target="_blank">https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2018/05/stephen-miller-trump-adviser/561317/</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">"owned". The Jargon File, version 4.4.8. Eric S. Raymond. October 1, 2004. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved November 20, 2020. <a href="http://catb.org/jargon/html/O/owned.html" target="_blank">http://catb.org/jargon/html/O/owned.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Peyser, Eve (July 26, 2018). "The Summer's Hottest Trend Is Owning the Libs". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2020. <a href="https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-features/own-the-libs-meaning-703845/" target="_blank">https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-features/own-the-libs-meaning-703845/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">Coppins, McKay (May 28, 2018). "Trump's Right-Hand Troll". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020. <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2018/05/stephen-miller-trump-adviser/561317/" target="_blank">https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2018/05/stephen-miller-trump-adviser/561317/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Perticone, Joe (July 28, 2018). "How 'owning the libs' became the ethos of the right". Business Insider. Archived from the original on October 19, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2020. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-owning-the-libs-became-the-ethos-of-the-right-2018-7" target="_blank">https://www.businessinsider.com/how-owning-the-libs-became-the-ethos-of-the-right-2018-7</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:7">Peyser, Eve (July 26, 2018). "The Summer's Hottest Trend Is Owning the Libs". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2020. <a href="https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-features/own-the-libs-meaning-703845/" target="_blank">https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-features/own-the-libs-meaning-703845/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">"What's All This About Trigger Warnings?". National Coalition Against Censorship. December 2015. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2020. <a href="https://ncac.org/resource/ncac-report-whats-all-this-about-trigger-warnings" target="_blank">https://ncac.org/resource/ncac-report-whats-all-this-about-trigger-warnings</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Trump Jr., Donald (2019). Triggered: How the Left Thrives on Hate and Wants to Silence Us. Center Street. ISBN 9781546086024. Archived from the original on July 28, 2023. Retrieved March 22, 2023. <a href="9781546086024" target="_blank">9781546086024</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Waldman, Paul (June 24, 2018). "Should Trump Staffers Be Shamed and Protested Wherever They Go?". The American Prospect. Archived from the original on November 13, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020. <a href="https://prospect.org/power/trump-staffers-shamed-protested-wherever-go/" target="_blank">https://prospect.org/power/trump-staffers-shamed-protested-wherever-go/</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Berkowitz, Joe (November 7, 2020). "Donald Trump is a loser". Fast Company. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020. <a href="https://www.fastcompany.com/90573062/donald-trump-is-a-loser" target="_blank">https://www.fastcompany.com/90573062/donald-trump-is-a-loser</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">Sykes, Charles (December 27, 2021). "Rush Limbaugh: The Radio Voice Who Owned the Libs Long Before Trump". Politico. Retrieved November 16, 2024. <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2021/12/27/2021-obituary-rush-limbaugh-520597" target="_blank">https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2021/12/27/2021-obituary-rush-limbaugh-520597</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:14">Wilson, Rick (March 18, 2022). "Opinion: The GOP is about to come after Biden on Ukraine". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 7, 2022. Retrieved July 17, 2022. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/03/18/ukraine-biden-gop-trump/" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/03/18/ukraine-biden-gop-trump/</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Welch, Matt (August 27, 2018). "Is the GOP Worth Saving? Rick Wilson's Not Sure, But He's Staying Anyway". Reason. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020. <a href="https://reason.com/2018/08/27/is-the-gop-worth-saving-rick-wilsons-not/" target="_blank">https://reason.com/2018/08/27/is-the-gop-worth-saving-rick-wilsons-not/</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">Peyser, Eve (July 26, 2018). "The Summer's Hottest Trend Is Owning the Libs". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2020. <a href="https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-features/own-the-libs-meaning-703845/" target="_blank">https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-features/own-the-libs-meaning-703845/</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Peyser, Eve (July 26, 2018). "The Summer's Hottest Trend Is Owning the Libs". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2020. <a href="https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-features/own-the-libs-meaning-703845/" target="_blank">https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-features/own-the-libs-meaning-703845/</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">Perticone, Joe (July 28, 2018). "How 'owning the libs' became the ethos of the right". Business Insider. Archived from the original on October 19, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2020. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-owning-the-libs-became-the-ethos-of-the-right-2018-7" target="_blank">https://www.businessinsider.com/how-owning-the-libs-became-the-ethos-of-the-right-2018-7</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">Smith, David (October 21, 2020). "'Owning the libs': how Donald Trump Jr became the unlikely political heir apparent". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2020. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/oct/21/donald-trump-jr-became-fathers-unlikely-political-heir-apparent" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/oct/21/donald-trump-jr-became-fathers-unlikely-political-heir-apparent</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">Neiwert, David (September 19, 2018). "Is that an OK sign? A white power symbol? Or just a right-wing troll?". Southern Poverty Law Center. Archived from the original on June 12, 2022. Retrieved November 27, 2020. <a href="https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/09/18/ok-sign-white-power-symbol-or-just-right-wing-troll" target="_blank">https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/09/18/ok-sign-white-power-symbol-or-just-right-wing-troll</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">Perticone, Joe (July 28, 2018). "How 'owning the libs' became the ethos of the right". Business Insider. Archived from the original on October 19, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2020. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-owning-the-libs-became-the-ethos-of-the-right-2018-7" target="_blank">https://www.businessinsider.com/how-owning-the-libs-became-the-ethos-of-the-right-2018-7</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">Lieback, Hedwig (May 2019). "Truth-Telling and Trolls: Trolling, Political Rhetoric in the Twenty-First Century, and the Objectivity Norm". AsPeers. 12 (12): 9–36. doi:10.54465/aspeers.12-03. S2CID 253405275. Retrieved November 10, 2020. <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338937033" target="_blank">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338937033</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">Coppins, McKay (May 28, 2018). "Trump's Right-Hand Troll". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020. <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2018/05/stephen-miller-trump-adviser/561317/" target="_blank">https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2018/05/stephen-miller-trump-adviser/561317/</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">Peters, Jeremy W. (August 3, 2020). "These Conservatives Have a Laser Focus: 'Owning the Libs'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2020. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/03/us/politics/the-federalist-trump-liberals.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/03/us/politics/the-federalist-trump-liberals.html</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:25">Peters, Jeremy W. (August 3, 2020). "These Conservatives Have a Laser Focus: 'Owning the Libs'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2020. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/03/us/politics/the-federalist-trump-liberals.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/03/us/politics/the-federalist-trump-liberals.html</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:26">Serwer, Adam (October 3, 2018). "The Cruelty Is the Point". The Atlantic. The Atlantic Monthly Group. Archived from the original on June 30, 2019. Retrieved November 20, 2020. <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/10/the-cruelty-is-the-point/572104/" target="_blank">https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/10/the-cruelty-is-the-point/572104/</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:27">Bunch, Will (January 2, 2020). "Trump's looming cruel war on homeless people is America's next big human-rights crisis". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2020. <a href="https://www.inquirer.com/columnists/attytood/trump-homeless-policy-california-new-czar-marbut-cruelty-20200102.html" target="_blank">https://www.inquirer.com/columnists/attytood/trump-homeless-policy-california-new-czar-marbut-cruelty-20200102.html</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:28">Magary, Drew (June 21, 2019). "Is All This Misery Worth It?". GQ. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on November 29, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2020. <a href="https://www.gq.com/story/what-is-misery-worth" target="_blank">https://www.gq.com/story/what-is-misery-worth</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:29">Davis, Ben (July 29, 2020). "What Painter Jon McNaughton's New Patriotic-Religious Fantasia of Donald Trump Actually Means". Artnet News. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved October 23, 2022. <a href="https://news.artnet.com/opinion/jon-mcnaughton-legacy-of-hope-1897650" target="_blank">https://news.artnet.com/opinion/jon-mcnaughton-legacy-of-hope-1897650</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:30">Perticone, Joe (July 28, 2018). "How 'owning the libs' became the ethos of the right". Business Insider. Archived from the original on October 19, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2020. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-owning-the-libs-became-the-ethos-of-the-right-2018-7" target="_blank">https://www.businessinsider.com/how-owning-the-libs-became-the-ethos-of-the-right-2018-7</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:31">"EPA: Rolling Coal is Verboten According to Clean Air Act". July 9, 2014. Archived from the original on September 5, 2023. Retrieved September 5, 2023. <a href="https://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/2014/07/epa-rolling-coal-is-verboten-according-to-clean-air-act/" target="_blank">https://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/2014/07/epa-rolling-coal-is-verboten-according-to-clean-air-act/</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:32">"Air Enforcement". May 3, 2013. Archived from the original on September 4, 2023. Retrieved September 5, 2023. <a href="https://www.epa.gov/enforcement/air-enforcement" target="_blank">https://www.epa.gov/enforcement/air-enforcement</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:33">Marcotte, Amanda (2018). Troll Nation: How The Right Became Trump-Worshipping Monsters Set On Rat-F*cking Liberals, America, and Truth Itself. Hot Books Press. p. 60. ISBN 978-1510737457. <a href="978-1510737457" target="_blank">978-1510737457</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:34">Waldman, Paul (December 11, 2020). "Hatred of liberals is all that's left of conservatism". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 13, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2020. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/12/11/hatred-liberals-is-all-thats-left-conservatism/" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/12/11/hatred-liberals-is-all-thats-left-conservatism/</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Owning the libs open-in-new

Owning the libs