Akron, Ohio

<h2 id="history">History</h2>

The first settler in the Akron area was Major Miner Spicer,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a> who came from <a href="/facts/Groton%2c_Connecticut/JQJRIkIH">Groton, Connecticut</a>. He built a <a href="/facts/Log_cabin/HwkK1zXV">log cabin</a> in the forest in 1810, and became the region's first citizen.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a> In June 1811, Spicer sent for his family, who came that same year by ox teams accompanied by Capt. Amos Spicer and Paul Williams.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a>
In 1811, Paul Williams settled near the corner of what is now Buchtel Avenue and Broadway. He suggested to General <a href="/facts/Simon_Perkins/mr1wnd7y">Simon Perkins</a>, who was surveyor of the <a href="/facts/Connecticut_Land_Company/0V1qvbPB">Connecticut Land Company</a>'s <a href="/facts/Connecticut_Western_Reserve/GtGCAo1j">Connecticut Western Reserve</a>, that they found a town at the summit of the developing <a href="/facts/Ohio_and_Erie_Canal/v64eTwBL">Ohio and Erie Canal</a>. The name is adapted from the <a href="/facts/Greek_language/pzDd6eIz">Greek</a> word ἄκρον (ákron), meaning summit or high point.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a> It was laid out in December 1825, where the south part of the downtown Akron neighborhood sits today. Irish laborers working on the <a href="/facts/Ohio_Canal/v64eTwBL">Ohio Canal</a> built about 100 cabins nearby.
After Eliakim Crosby founded "North Akron" (also known as Cascade) in the northern portion of what is now downtown Akron in 1833, "South" was added to Akron's name until about three years later, when the two were merged and became an incorporated village in 1836.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a> In 1840, Summit County formed from portions of <a href="/facts/Portage_County%2c_Ohio/9bw2I7j6">Portage</a>, <a href="/facts/Medina_County%2c_Ohio/3VtP06sM">Medina</a>, and <a href="/facts/Stark_County%2c_Ohio/zlfuS6E0">Stark</a> Counties. Akron replaced <a href="/facts/Cuyahoga_Falls/1G5xCwC3">Cuyahoga Falls</a> as its county seat a year later and opened a canal connecting to <a href="/facts/Beaver%2c_Pennsylvania/ruLt1esw">Beaver, Pennsylvania</a>, helping give birth to the stoneware, sewer pipe, fishing tackle, and farming equipment industries.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a> In 1844, abolitionist <a href="/facts/John_Brown_(abolitionist)/PUgsXLmn">John Brown</a> moved into the <a href="/facts/John_Brown_House_(Akron%2c_Ohio)/7aYQrK4C">John Brown House</a> across the street from business partner <a href="/facts/Colonel_Simon_Perkins/vrqjyJTV">Colonel Simon Perkins</a>, who lived in the <a href="/facts/Perkins_Stone_Mansion/8CBLFQAg">Perkins Stone Mansion</a>. The Akron School Law of 1847 founded the city's public schools and created the <a href="/facts/K%25E2%2580%259312_(education)/FKtI5sC0">K–12 grade school system</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a> which currently is used in every U.S. state. The city's first school is now a museum on Broadway Street near the corner of Exchange.

<h3>1850s–1890s: Summit City</h3>
When the Ohio Women's Rights Convention came to Akron in 1851, Sojourner Truth extemporaneously delivered her speech named "<a href="/facts/Ain%2527t_I_A_Woman%253F/ugvbnyvy">Ain't I A Woman?</a>", at the Universalist Old Stone Church. In 1870, a local businessman associated with the church, <a href="/facts/John_R._Buchtel/ccJY52Y3">John R. Buchtel</a>, founded Buchtel College, which became the <a href="/facts/University_of_Akron/y5vV3Cdf">University of Akron</a> in 1913.
<a href="/facts/Ferdinand_Schumacher/fuo0xt8G">Ferdinand Schumacher</a> bought a mill in 1856, and the following decade mass-produced <a href="/facts/Oat/wn3vnCnT">oat bars</a> for the <a href="/facts/Union_Army/WaDC9c06">Union Army</a> during the <a href="/facts/American_Civil_War/A9FT3ksD">American Civil War</a>; these continued to sell well after the war. Akron incorporated as a city in 1865. Philanthropist <a href="/facts/Lewis_Miller_(philanthropist)/424cYvIG">Lewis Miller</a>, Walter Blythe, and architect Jacob Snyder designed the widely used <a href="/facts/Akron_Plan/zATkJJQI">Akron Plan</a>, debuting it on Akron's First Methodist Episcopal Church in 1872.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> Numerous <a href="/facts/Congregational_church/bSVbGWM1">Congregational</a>, <a href="/facts/Baptist/nMKlmaVb">Baptist</a>, and <a href="/facts/Presbyterian/LdbUk62a">Presbyterian</a> churches built between the 1870s and World War I use it.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a> In 1883, a local journalist began the modern toy industry by founding the Akron Toy Company. A year later, the first popular toy was mass-produced <a href="/facts/Clay/xnwouEkB">clay</a> <a href="/facts/Marbles/nftcE5pU">marbles</a> made by Samuel C. Dyke at his shop where Lock 3 Park is now. Other popular inventions include rubber balloons, ducks, dolls, balls, baby buggy bumpers, and little brown jugs. In 1895, the first long-distance electric railway, the <a href="/facts/Akron%2c_Bedford_and_Cleveland_Railroad/dXamuPaF">Akron, Bedford and Cleveland Railroad</a>, began service.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a> On August 25, 1889, the <a href="/facts/Boston_Daily_Globe/6avrtpCk">Boston Daily Globe</a> referred to Akron with the nickname "Summit City".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a> To help local police, the city deployed the first police car in the U.S. that ran on electricity.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a>

<h3>1900s–1990s: Rubber Capital of the World</h3>
See also: <a href="/facts/Akron_Rubber_Strike_of_1936/LjRKht8G">Akron Rubber Strike of 1936</a>

The <a href="/facts/Crime_in_Akron%2c_Ohio/9PKj20EK">Riot of 1900</a> saw assaults on city officials, two deaths, and the destruction by fire of Columbia Hall and the Downtown Fire Station (now the City Building since 1925).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a> The American <a href="/facts/Trucking_industry/z2IPvusI">trucking industry</a> was birthed through Akron's Rubber Capital of the World era when the four major tire companies <a href="/facts/Goodrich_Corporation/D2EdB4xB">B.F. Goodrich</a> (1869), <a href="/facts/Goodyear_Tire_and_Rubber_Company/QB1Ap5gT">Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company</a> (1898), <a href="/facts/Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company/RVLocSsu">Firestone Tire and Rubber Company</a> (1900),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a> and <a href="/facts/General_Tire/BWDCIoWu">General Tire & Rubber Company</a> (1915)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a> were headquartered in the city. The numerous jobs the rubber factories provided for deaf people led to Akron being nicknamed the "Crossroads of the Deaf".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a> On Easter Sunday 1913, 9.55 inches (243 mm) of rain fell, <a href="/facts/Great_Flood_of_1913/eclsDPNt">causing floods</a> that killed five people and destroyed the Ohio and Erie Canal system. From 1916 to 1920, 10,000 schoolgirls took part in the successful Akron Experiment, testing <a href="/facts/Iodized_salt/VqYHNmW8">iodized salt</a> to prevent <a href="/facts/Goiter/0kNGMcb6">goiter</a> in what was known as the "Goiter Belt".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a>
In 1914, <a href="/facts/Marcus_Garvey/8Su5KMh7">Marcus Garvey</a> founded the <a href="/facts/Universal_Negro_Improvement_Association_and_African_Communities_League/2WeRUQH3">Universal Negro Improvement Association</a> in Kingston, Jamaica; its Akron branch opened in 1921.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a>
Rubber companies responded to housing crunches by building affordable housing for workers. Goodyear's president, <a href="/facts/Frank_Seiberling/c8K3Qk8w">Frank A. Seiberling</a>, built the <a href="/facts/Akron_neighborhoods/fQGC83qa">Goodyear Heights</a> neighborhood for employees. Likewise, <a href="/facts/Harvey_S._Firestone/Anvokgtr">Harvey S. Firestone</a> built the <a href="/facts/Akron_neighborhoods/fQGC83qa">Firestone Park</a> neighborhood for his employees.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a> During the 1910–1920 decade, Akron became a <a href="/facts/Boomtown/7tBqKCk8">boomtown</a>, being America's fastest growing city with a 201.8% increase in population. Of the 208,000 citizens, almost one-third were <a href="/facts/Immigrants/8vNxfBhT">immigrants</a> (also <a href="/facts/Clark_Gable/LXtRcETs">Clark Gable</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a> and their children from places including Europe and West Virginia. In 1929 and 1931, Goodyear's subsidiary <a href="/facts/Luftschiffbau_Zeppelin/dRfAvaDD">Goodyear-Zeppelin Company</a> manufactured two airships for the United States Navy, <a href="/facts/USS_Akron/UwsgjdLm">USS Akron (ZRS-4)</a> and <a href="/facts/USS_Macon_(ZRS-5)/Uf97vC0H">USS Macon (ZRS-5)</a>. Goodyear built a number of <a href="/facts/Blimps/n1jhI9cG">blimps</a> for the Navy during WWII and later for advertising purposes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a>
Akron again grew when <a href="/facts/Kenmore%2c_Akron%2c_Ohio/fQGC83qa">Kenmore</a> was annexed by voter approval on November 6, 1928. Found hiding under a bed at one of his hideouts in the city, notorious bank robber Charles Arthur "<a href="/facts/Pretty_Boy_Floyd/7YRIeR8b">Pretty Boy</a>" Floyd was arrested under the name "Frank Mitchell" in March 1930.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a> Goodyear became America's top tire manufacturer after merging with the <a href="/facts/Kelly-Springfield_Tire_Company/H3b8Lblw">Kelly-Springfield Tire Company</a> in 1935.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a> Lasting five weeks and consisting of roughly 5,000 strikers including union sympathizers from other factories and neighboring states, the <a href="/facts/Akron_Rubber_Strike_of_1936/LjRKht8G">Akron Rubber Strike of 1936</a> successfully used the <a href="/facts/Sitdown_strike/DwJU2tBG">"sit-down" tactic</a> to force recognition of the <a href="/facts/United_Rubber_Workers/f0wz3EM1">United Rubber Workers</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a> During the 1950s–60s Akron surged as use of the automobile did. The historic <a href="/facts/Rubber_Bowl/zx4ml1Rh">Rubber Bowl</a> was used by the <a href="/facts/National_Guard_of_the_United_States/oMCltGFe">National Guard of the United States</a> as a base during the racial <a href="/facts/Crime_in_Akron%2c_Ohio/9PKj20EK">Wooster Avenue Riots of 1968</a>. Like many other industries of the <a href="/facts/Rust_Belt/W91XSt7x">Rust Belt</a>, both the tire and rubber industries experienced major decline. By the early 1990s, Goodyear was the last major tire manufacturer based in Akron.

<h3>2000s: City of Invention</h3>

Despite the number of rubber workers decreasing by roughly half from 2000 to 2007, Akron's research in <a href="/facts/Polymers/eF32E50K">polymers</a> gained an international reputation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a> It now centers on the Polymer Valley which consists of 400 polymer-related companies, of which 94 were located in the city itself.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a> Research is focused at the <a href="/facts/University_of_Akron/y5vV3Cdf">University of Akron</a>, which is home to the <a href="/facts/Goodyear_Polymer_Center/y5vV3Cdf">Goodyear Polymer Center</a> and the National Polymer Innovation Center, and the College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering. Because of its contributions to the <a href="/facts/Information_Age/PJUfNEx5">Information Age</a>, <a href="/facts/Newsweek/ClFEs5So">Newsweek</a> listed Akron fifth of ten <a href="/facts/High_tech/td2FYKeX">high-tech</a> havens in 2001.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a> In 2008 "City of Invention" was added to the seal when the <a href="/facts/All-America_City_Award/YxwuHIb9">All-America City Award</a> was received for the third time. Some events of the <a href="/facts/Gay_Games/TpgMKcKN">2014 Gay Games</a> used the city as a venue. In 2013, the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company opened its new global headquarters on Innovation Way, further cementing the company's relationship with the city.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a> <a href="/facts/Bridgestone/Psgl8qe7">Bridgestone</a> built a new technical center with state-of-the-art R&D labs, and moved its product development operations to the new facility in early 2012.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a>
The city also continues to deal with the effects of air and <a href="/facts/Soil_pollution/BzPwKXhM">soil pollution</a> from its industrial past. In the southwestern part of the city, soil was contaminated and noxious <a href="/facts/Polychlorinated_biphenyl/R3sC5PEf">PCB</a>-laden fumes were put into the air by an electrical transformer deconstruction operation that existed from the 1930s to the 1960s. Cleanup of the site, designated as a <a href="/facts/Superfund/FFJJqmmu">Superfund</a> site by the <a href="/facts/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency/ghI985SI">Environmental Protection Agency</a>, began in 1987 and concluded in 2000. The area remains restricted with regular reviews of the site and its underground aquifer.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a>

<h3>Racial history</h3>
See also: <a href="/facts/City_of_Akron_v._Akron_Center_for_Reproductive_Health/wTQ3wb2I">City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health</a>
City founder <a href="/facts/Simon_Perkins/mr1wnd7y">Simon Perkins</a> negotiated a treaty with <a href="/facts/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas/LG2r6wXm">Native Americans</a> to establish a mail route from the <a href="/facts/Connecticut_Western_Reserve/GtGCAo1j">Connecticut Western Reserve</a> to Detroit in 1807, an early example of historic humanitarian affairs in Akron. Aside from being part of the <a href="/facts/Underground_Railroad/vv1XNdNC">Underground Railroad</a>, when active, <a href="/facts/John_Brown_(abolitionist)/PUgsXLmn">John Brown</a> was a resident, today having two landmarks (the John Brown House and the John Brown Monument) dedicated to him. During the 1851 Women's Rights Convention, <a href="/facts/Sojourner_Truth/tYfI044t">Sojourner Truth</a> delivered her speech entitled "<a href="/facts/Ain%2527t_I_A_Woman%253F/ugvbnyvy">Ain't I A Woman?</a>". In 1905, a statue of an Indian named Unk was erected on Portage Path, which was part of the effective western boundary of the <a href="/facts/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census/TmVxjULy">White</a> and <a href="/facts/Indigenous_people_of_the_Americas/LG2r6wXm">Native American</a> lands from 1785 to 1805.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a> The <a href="/facts/Summit_County%2c_Ohio/Cjcwyxho">Summit County</a> chapter of the <a href="/facts/Ku_Klux_Klan/gTyz2sld">Ku Klux Klan</a> reported having 50,000 members, making it the largest local chapter in the country during the 20th century. At some point the sheriff, county officials, mayor of Akron, judges, county commissioners, and most members of Akron's school board were members. The Klan's influence in the city's politics eventually ended after <a href="/facts/Wendell_Willkie/fdlGJ3BJ">Wendell Willkie</a> arrived and challenged them.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a> Race played a part in two of Akron's major riots, the Riot of 1900 and the Wooster Ave. Riots of 1968. Others giving speeches on race in the city include <a href="/facts/W._E._B._Du_Bois/4rU9c7IQ">W. E. B. Du Bois</a> (1920)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a> and President <a href="/facts/Bill_Clinton/x5mwYkVh">Bill Clinton</a> (1997).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a> In 1971, <a href="/facts/Alpha_Phi_Alpha/LKe9YooE">Alpha Phi Alpha Homes Inc.</a> was founded in Akron by the Eta Tau Lambda chapter, with <a href="/facts/James_R._Williams_(lawyer)/jVpGWbo2">James R. Williams</a> as chairman. The centerpiece, <a href="/facts/Henry_Arthur_Callis/3BLoLFJj">Henry Arthur Callis Tower</a>, is located in the Channelwood Village area of the city. In 2008, 91-year-old Akron native, Addie Polk, became the <a href="/facts/Poster_child/nfq6q909">poster child</a> of the <a href="/facts/Great_Recession/9LoVUhLf">Great Recession</a>, after shooting herself.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50">50</a> In 2022, Akron resident <a href="/facts/Jayland_Walker/bVfhKE8a">Jayland Walker</a> was killed by police after shooting at them while fleeing, sparking days of protest and the institution of a police review board.

<h2 id="geography">Geography</h2>
Akron is located in the <a href="/facts/Great_Lakes_region_(North_America)/TBaC5hc3">Great Lakes region</a> about 39 miles (63 km) south of <a href="/facts/Lake_Erie/m9RScPVI">Lake Erie</a>, on the <a href="/facts/Glaciated_Allegheny_Plateau/NVLy5dVe">Glaciated Allegheny Plateau</a>. It is bordered by <a href="/facts/Cuyahoga_Falls%2c_Ohio/1G5xCwC3">Cuyahoga Falls</a> on the north and <a href="/facts/Barberton%2c_Ohio/UY04pfua">Barberton</a> in the southwest. It is the center of the <a href="/facts/Akron_metropolitan_area/dCkGMbfh">Akron metropolitan area</a> which covers Summit and Portage Counties, and a principal city of the larger <a href="/facts/Northeast_Ohio/dx4xmjXC">Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area</a>. Located on the western end of the plateau, the topography of Akron includes rolling hills and varied terrain. The <a href="/facts/Ohio_and_Erie_Canal/v64eTwBL">Ohio and Erie Canal</a> passes through the city, separating the east from west. Akron has the only <a href="/facts/Biogas/smSbYCKl">biogas</a> facility<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51">51</a> in the United States that produces <a href="/facts/Methane/kBHneYnh">methane</a> through the decomposition process of sludge to create electricity.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52">52</a>
According to the 2010 census, the city has a total area of 62.37 square miles (161.5 km2), of which 62.03 square miles (160.7 km2) (or 99.45%) is land and 0.34 square miles (0.88 km2) (or 0.55%) is water.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53">53</a>

<h3>Climate</h3>
Akron has a <a href="/facts/Humid_continental_climate/m5J175oK">humid continental climate</a> (<a href="/facts/K%25C3%25B6ppen_climate_classification/VDcr86hF">Köppen</a> Dfa), typical of the <a href="/facts/Midwestern_United_States/VanHjkw2">Midwest</a>, with four distinct seasons, and lies in USDA <a href="/facts/Hardiness_zone/zhPbV4Qb">hardiness zone</a> 6b, degrading to zone 6a in the outlying suburbs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54">54</a> Winters are cold and dry but typically bring a mix of rain, sleet, and snow with occasional heavy snowfall and icing. January is the coldest month with an average mean temperature of 27.9 °F (−2.3 °C),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55">55</a> with temperatures on average dropping to or below 0 °F (−18 °C) on 3.3 days and staying at or below freezing on 40 days per year.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56">56</a> Snowfall averages 47.2 inches (120 cm) per season, significantly less than the <a href="/facts/Snowbelt/aEUkRcCF">snowbelt</a> areas closer to <a href="/facts/Lake_Erie/m9RScPVI">Lake Erie</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57">57</a> The snowiest month on record was 37.5 inches (95 cm) in January 1978, while winter snowfall amounts have ranged from 82.0 in (208 cm) in 1977–78 to 18.2 in (46 cm) in 1949–50.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58">58</a> Springs generally see a transition to fewer weather systems that produce heavier rainfall. Summers are typically very warm and humid with temperatures at or above 90 °F (32 °C) on 10.7 days per year on average; the annual count has been as high as 36 days in 1931, while the most recent year to not reach that mark is 2023.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59">59</a> July is the warmest month with an average mean temperature of 73.9 °F (23 °C).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60">60</a> Autumn is relatively dry with many clear warm days and cool nights.
The all-time record high temperature in Akron of 104 °F (40 °C) was established on August 6, 1918, and the all-time record low temperature of −25 °F (−32 °C) was set on January 19, 1994.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61">61</a> The most precipitation to fall on one calendar day was on July 7, 1943, when 5.96" of rain was measured.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62">62</a> The first and last freezes of the season on average fall on October 21 and April 26, respectively, allowing a growing season of 174 days.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63">63</a> The normal annual mean temperature is 51.7 °F (10.9 °C).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64">64</a> Normal yearly <a href="/facts/Precipitation_(meteorology)/uq3nGQc8">precipitation</a> based on the 30-year average from 1991 to 2020 is 41.57 inches (1,056 mm), falling on an average 160 days.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65">65</a> Monthly precipitation has ranged from 12.55 in (319 mm) in July 2003 to 0.20 in (5.1 mm) in September 1960, while for annual precipitation the historical range is 65.70 in (1,669 mm) in 1990 to 23.79 in (604 mm) in 1963.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66">66</a>

<table><tbody><tr><th colspan="14">Climate data for Akron, Ohio (<a href="/facts/Akron%25E2%2580%2593Canton_Airport/YukR2RxM">Akron–Canton Airport</a>), 1991–2020 normals,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67">67</a> extremes 1887–present</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Month</th><th scope="col">Jan</th><th scope="col">Feb</th><th scope="col">Mar</th><th scope="col">Apr</th><th scope="col">May</th><th scope="col">Jun</th><th scope="col">Jul</th><th scope="col">Aug</th><th scope="col">Sep</th><th scope="col">Oct</th><th scope="col">Nov</th><th scope="col">Dec</th><th scope="col">Year</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Record high °F (°C)</th><td>73(23)</td><td>76(24)</td><td>83(28)</td><td>89(32)</td><td>94(34)</td><td>100(38)</td><td>102(39)</td><td>104(40)</td><td>99(37)</td><td>91(33)</td><td>80(27)</td><td>76(24)</td><td>104(40)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mean maximum °F (°C)</th><td>58.2(14.6)</td><td>60.0(15.6)</td><td>70.7(21.5)</td><td>79.8(26.6)</td><td>85.8(29.9)</td><td>90.5(32.5)</td><td>91.6(33.1)</td><td>90.4(32.4)</td><td>87.7(30.9)</td><td>79.1(26.2)</td><td>68.1(20.1)</td><td>59.4(15.2)</td><td>92.7(33.7)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mean daily maximum °F (°C)</th><td>35.5(1.9)</td><td>38.6(3.7)</td><td>48.4(9.1)</td><td>61.8(16.6)</td><td>72.3(22.4)</td><td>80.4(26.9)</td><td>84.3(29.1)</td><td>82.7(28.2)</td><td>75.9(24.4)</td><td>63.4(17.4)</td><td>50.7(10.4)</td><td>39.9(4.4)</td><td>61.2(16.2)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Daily mean °F (°C)</th><td>27.9(−2.3)</td><td>30.2(−1.0)</td><td>38.9(3.8)</td><td>50.8(10.4)</td><td>61.3(16.3)</td><td>69.9(21.1)</td><td>73.9(23.3)</td><td>72.3(22.4)</td><td>65.4(18.6)</td><td>53.7(12.1)</td><td>42.5(5.8)</td><td>33.0(0.6)</td><td>51.7(10.9)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mean daily minimum °F (°C)</th><td>20.3(−6.5)</td><td>21.9(−5.6)</td><td>29.4(−1.4)</td><td>39.8(4.3)</td><td>50.4(10.2)</td><td>59.4(15.2)</td><td>63.4(17.4)</td><td>61.9(16.6)</td><td>54.9(12.7)</td><td>44.0(6.7)</td><td>34.2(1.2)</td><td>26.1(−3.3)</td><td>42.1(5.6)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mean minimum °F (°C)</th><td>−1.1(−18.4)</td><td>3.0(−16.1)</td><td>10.9(−11.7)</td><td>24.2(−4.3)</td><td>35.4(1.9)</td><td>44.4(6.9)</td><td>52.1(11.2)</td><td>50.6(10.3)</td><td>40.9(4.9)</td><td>30.4(−0.9)</td><td>18.7(−7.4)</td><td>8.5(−13.1)</td><td>−3.4(−19.7)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Record low °F (°C)</th><td>−25(−32)</td><td>−20(−29)</td><td>−6(−21)</td><td>10(−12)</td><td>24(−4)</td><td>32(0)</td><td>41(5)</td><td>39(4)</td><td>29(−2)</td><td>20(−7)</td><td>−1(−18)</td><td>−16(−27)</td><td>−25(−32)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Average <a href="/facts/Precipitation/uq3nGQc8">precipitation</a> inches (mm)</th><td>2.92(74)</td><td>2.44(62)</td><td>3.23(82)</td><td>3.86(98)</td><td>4.13(105)</td><td>4.43(113)</td><td>4.14(105)</td><td>3.61(92)</td><td>3.50(89)</td><td>3.34(85)</td><td>3.08(78)</td><td>2.89(73)</td><td>41.57(1,056)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Average snowfall inches (cm)</th><td>13.4(34)</td><td>12.0(30)</td><td>7.6(19)</td><td>1.7(4.3)</td><td>0.0(0.0)</td><td>0.0(0.0)</td><td>0.0(0.0)</td><td>0.0(0.0)</td><td>0.0(0.0)</td><td>0.3(0.76)</td><td>3.3(8.4)</td><td>8.9(23)</td><td>47.2(120)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)</th><td>17.8</td><td>14.5</td><td>14.2</td><td>14.6</td><td>14.1</td><td>12.4</td><td>11.8</td><td>10.1</td><td>9.9</td><td>12.0</td><td>12.5</td><td>16.0</td><td>159.9</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)</th><td>13.3</td><td>10.0</td><td>6.7</td><td>2.0</td><td>0.0</td><td>0.0</td><td>0.0</td><td>0.0</td><td>0.0</td><td>0.4</td><td>3.4</td><td>9.5</td><td>45.3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Average <a href="/facts/Relative_humidity/Nwb28VlT">relative humidity</a> (%)</th><td>73.4</td><td>71.6</td><td>67.8</td><td>63.6</td><td>65.9</td><td>68.4</td><td>70.2</td><td>73.2</td><td>73.9</td><td>70.3</td><td>72.2</td><td>74.8</td><td>70.4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Average <a href="/facts/Dew_point/PmBJqCTa">dew point</a> °F (°C)</th><td>17.2(−8.2)</td><td>19.0(−7.2)</td><td>27.0(−2.8)</td><td>35.2(1.8)</td><td>46.2(7.9)</td><td>55.9(13.3)</td><td>60.6(15.9)</td><td>60.3(15.7)</td><td>54.0(12.2)</td><td>41.7(5.4)</td><td>32.9(0.5)</td><td>23.2(−4.9)</td><td>39.4(4.1)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="14">Source: NOAA (relative humidity and dew point 1961-1990)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68">68</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69">69</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<h3>Neighborhoods</h3>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Neighborhoods_in_Akron%2c_Ohio/fQGC83qa">Neighborhoods in Akron, Ohio</a>
Akron consists of 21 neighborhoods, with an additional three that are unincorporated but recognized within the city. The neighborhoods of the city differ in design largely because of expansions such as town merging, annexation, housing construction in various time periods, and rubber era.
Maple Valley covers the west end of Copley Road, before reaching I-77. Along this strip are several businesses using the name, as well as the Maple Valley Branch of the <a href="/facts/Akron-Summit_County_Public_Library/S8XT8lS6">Akron-Summit County Public Library</a>. Spicertown falls under the blanket of University Park, this term is used frequently to describe the student-centered retail and residential area around East Exchange and Spicer streets, near the University of Akron. West Hill is roughly bounded by West Market Street on the north, West Exchange Street on the south, Downtown on the East, and Rhodes Avenue on the west. It features many stately older homes, particularly in the recently recognized Oakdale Historic District.

<h3>Suburbs</h3>
Akron's suburbs include <a href="/facts/Barberton%2c_Ohio/UY04pfua">Barberton</a>, <a href="/facts/Cuyahoga_Falls%2c_Ohio/1G5xCwC3">Cuyahoga Falls</a>, <a href="/facts/Fairlawn%2c_Ohio/p1KJljmG">Fairlawn</a>, <a href="/facts/Green%2c_Ohio/8sKUJ4tB">Green</a>, <a href="/facts/Hudson%2c_Ohio/PdztIEpC">Hudson</a>, <a href="/facts/Mogadore%2c_Ohio/zyNBhfqV">Mogadore</a>, <a href="/facts/Montrose-Ghent%2c_Ohio/rXFs7AKb">Montrose-Ghent</a>, <a href="/facts/Munroe_Falls%2c_Ohio/3q2AlKsg">Munroe Falls</a>, <a href="/facts/Norton%2c_Ohio/uAmKDFj1">Norton</a>, <a href="/facts/Silver_Lake%2c_Ohio/o9cdJqoE">Silver Lake</a>, <a href="/facts/Stow%2c_Ohio/M8j72tM6">Stow</a>, and <a href="/facts/Tallmadge%2c_Ohio/fSkwGeyd">Tallmadge</a>. Akron formed <a href="/facts/Joint_Economic_Development_District/RWFl4xuC">Joint Economic Development Districts</a> with <a href="/facts/Springfield_Township%2c_Summit_County%2c_Ohio/YdhmMVKs">Springfield</a>, <a href="/facts/Coventry_Township%2c_Ohio/4DdWz9CB">Coventry</a>, <a href="/facts/Copley_Township%2c_Ohio/JEX0yVfG">Copley</a>, and <a href="/facts/Bath_Township%2c_Summit_County%2c_Ohio/VfqYzJlg">Bath</a> (in conjunction with Fairlawn) townships.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70">70</a>

<h2 id="demographics">Demographics</h2>

Historical population<table><tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col">Pop.</th><th scope="col">Note</th><th scope="col">%±</th></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1840_United_States_census/2Uf0Swfy">1840</a></th><td>1,664</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1850_United_States_census/WTl410x7">1850</a></th><td>3,266</td><td></td><td>96.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1860_United_States_census/E3jCbqK4">1860</a></th><td>3,477</td><td></td><td>6.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1870_United_States_census/oTcEXqLs">1870</a></th><td>10,006</td><td></td><td>187.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1880_United_States_census/b380C0t1">1880</a></th><td>16,512</td><td></td><td>65.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1890_United_States_census/RWFwbtDd">1890</a></th><td>27,601</td><td></td><td>67.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1900_United_States_census/P5KTGX4m">1900</a></th><td>42,728</td><td></td><td>54.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1910_United_States_census/tx8Dybwo">1910</a></th><td>69,067</td><td></td><td>61.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1920_United_States_census/qo2C2mIy">1920</a></th><td>208,435</td><td></td><td>201.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1930_United_States_census/3WmH6q6D">1930</a></th><td>255,040</td><td></td><td>22.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1940_United_States_census/CgDsD5ud">1940</a></th><td>244,791</td><td></td><td>−4.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1950_United_States_census/4dUrAXAY">1950</a></th><td>274,605</td><td></td><td>12.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1960_United_States_census/W9P7TDzt">1960</a></th><td>290,351</td><td></td><td>5.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1970_United_States_census/r1LsT35a">1970</a></th><td>275,425</td><td></td><td>−5.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1980_United_States_census/UjEXH7Ba">1980</a></th><td>237,177</td><td></td><td>−13.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1990_United_States_census/uPN5syw5">1990</a></th><td>223,019</td><td></td><td>−6.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/2000_United_States_census/oFBpAEqK">2000</a></th><td>217,074</td><td></td><td>−2.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/2010_United_States_census/RoYVI17A">2010</a></th><td>199,110</td><td></td><td>−8.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/2020_United_States_census/dTEm5TRr">2020</a></th><td>190,469</td><td></td><td>−4.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2024 (est.)</th><td>189,664</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71">71</a></td><td>−0.4%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">U.S. Decennial Census<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72">72</a> <a href="/facts/2020_United_States_census/dTEm5TRr">2020 census</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73">73</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
According to census data from 2010 to 2014, the median income for a household in the city was $34,139. The per capita income for the city was $17,596. About 26.7% of persons were in poverty.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74">74</a>
The population of the <a href="/facts/Akron_metropolitan_area/dCkGMbfh">Akron metropolitan area</a> was 702,219 in 2020. Akron is also part of the larger <a href="/facts/Northeast_Ohio/dx4xmjXC">Cleveland-Akron-Canton combined statistical area</a>, which was the 15th largest in the country with a population of over 3.5 million residents. Akron experienced a significant collapse in population having lost over one third (34.6%) of its population between 1960 and 2020.
Although Akron is in northern Ohio, where the <a href="/facts/Inland_North/2hPvJBQ7">Inland North</a> dialect is expected, its settlement history puts it in the North Midland dialect area.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75">75</a> Some localisms that have developed include <a href="/facts/Tree_lawn/xHdmvMY2">devilstrip</a>, which refers to the grass strip between a sidewalk and street.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76">76</a>

<h3>2020 census</h3>
Akron, Ohio – Racial and ethnic compositionNote: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.<table><tbody><tr><th>Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)</th><th>Pop 2000<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77">77</a></th><th>Pop 2010<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78">78</a></th><th>Pop 2020<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79">79</a></th><th>% 2000</th><th>% 2010</th><th>% 2020</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites/oBCzIsEn">White</a> alone (NH)</td><td>144,719</td><td>121,946</td><td>102,825</td><td>66.67%</td><td>61.25%</td><td>53.99%</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_African_Americans/pTgcAdo8">Black or African American</a> alone (NH)</td><td>61,510</td><td>62,095</td><td>59,286</td><td>28.34%</td><td>31.19%</td><td>31.13%</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States/lr8Qmd6N">Native American</a> or <a href="/facts/Alaska_Native/BdNgd6Ds">Alaska Native</a> alone (NH)</td><td>526</td><td>425</td><td>356</td><td>0.24%</td><td>0.21%</td><td>0.19%</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Asian_Americans/LEbUc3Gb">Asian</a> alone (NH)</td><td>3,232</td><td>4,201</td><td>10,042</td><td>1.49%</td><td>2.11%</td><td>5.27%</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Pacific_Islander_Americans/22BvCgE5">Pacific Islander</a> alone (NH)</td><td>40</td><td>49</td><td>73</td><td>0.02%</td><td>0.02%</td><td>0.04%</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census/TmVxjULy">Some Other Race</a> alone (NH)</td><td>365</td><td>448</td><td>1,017</td><td>0.17%</td><td>0.23%</td><td>0.53%</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Multiracial_Americans/vAdY6SRS">Mixed Race or Multi-Racial</a> (NH)</td><td>4,169</td><td>5,691</td><td>10,674</td><td>1.92%</td><td>2.86%</td><td>5.60%</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans/rIBPIUd3">Hispanic or Latino</a> (any race)</td><td>2,513</td><td>4,255</td><td>6,196</td><td>1.16%</td><td>2.14%</td><td>3.25%</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>217,074</td><td>199,110</td><td>190,469</td><td>100.00%</td><td>100.00%</td><td>100.00%</td></tr></tbody></table>
As of the census of 2020, there were 190,469 people living in the city, for a population density of 3,075.40 people per square mile (1,187.42/km2). There were 92,517 housing units. The racial makeup of the city (including Hispanics in the racial counts) was 54.7% <a href="/facts/White_(U.S._Census)/TmVxjULy">White</a>, 31.4% <a href="/facts/African_American_(U.S._Census)/TmVxjULy">African American</a>, 0.3% <a href="/facts/Native_American_(U.S._Census)/TmVxjULy">Native American</a>, 5.3% <a href="/facts/Asian_(U.S._Census)/TmVxjULy">Asian</a>, 0.0% <a href="/facts/Race_(United_States_Census)/TmVxjULy">Pacific Islander</a>, 1.6% from <a href="/facts/Race_(United_States_Census)/TmVxjULy">some other race</a>, and 6.6% from two or more races. Separately, 3.3% of the population were <a href="/facts/Race_(United_States_Census)/TmVxjULy">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/facts/Race_(United_States_Census)/TmVxjULy">Latino</a> of any race.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80">80</a>
There were 85,395 households, out of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 27.3% were <a href="/facts/Marriage/foMxzuxl">married couples</a> living together, 23.8% had a male householder with no spouse present, and 39.8% had a female householder with no spouse present. 38.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.0% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16, and the average family size was 2.86.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81">81</a>
22.1% of the city's population were under the age of 18, 61.6% were 18 to 64, and 16.3% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.5. For every 100 females, there were 93.8 males.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82">82</a>
According to the U.S. Census <a href="/facts/American_Community_Survey/vLQq3I5Q">American Community Survey</a>, for the period 2016-2020 the estimated median annual income for a household in the city was $45,534, and the median income for a family was $52,976. About 24.4% of the population were living below the <a href="/facts/Poverty_line/VdgLbwUk">poverty line</a>, including 35.0% of those under age 18 and 12.9% of those age 65 or over. About 57.1% of the population were employed, and 24.8% had a bachelor's degree or higher.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83">83</a>

<h3>2010 census</h3>
As of the <a href="/facts/Census/dePeULsk">census</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84">84</a> of 2010, there were 199,110 people, 83,712 households, and 47,084 families residing in the city. The <a href="/facts/Population_density/70zGTCFc">population density</a> was 3,209.9 inhabitants per square mile (1,239.3/km2). There were 96,288 housing units at an average density of 1,552.3 per square mile (599.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 62.2% <a href="/facts/White_(U.S._Census)/TmVxjULy">White</a>, 31.5% <a href="/facts/African_American_(U.S._Census)/TmVxjULy">African American</a>, 0.2% <a href="/facts/Native_American_(U.S._Census)/TmVxjULy">Native American</a>, 2.1% <a href="/facts/Asian_(U.S._Census)/TmVxjULy">Asian</a>, 0.8% from <a href="/facts/Race_(U.S._Census)/TmVxjULy">other races</a>, and 3.2% from two or more races. <a href="/facts/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)/TmVxjULy">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/facts/Latino_(U.S._Census)/TmVxjULy">Latino</a> of any race were 2.1% of the population. <a href="/facts/Non-Hispanic_Whites/oBCzIsEn">Non-Hispanic Whites</a> were 61.2% of the population,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85">85</a> down from 81.0% in 1970.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86">86</a>
There were 83,712 households, of which 28.8% had children under age 18 living with them, 31.3% were <a href="/facts/Marriage/foMxzuxl">married couples</a> living together, 19.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.8% were non-families. 34.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.98.
The median age in the city was 35.7 years. 22.9% of residents were under age 18; 12.4% were between 18 and 24; 25.9% were from 25 to 44; 25.9% were from 45 to 64; and 12.6% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.3% male and 51.7% female.

<h3>Crime</h3>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Crime_history_of_Akron%2c_Ohio/9PKj20EK">Crime history of Akron, Ohio</a>

In 1999, Akron ranked as the 94th-most-dangerous city (and the 229th safest) on the 7th <a href="/facts/Morgan_Quitno/kjn0zKTs">Morgan Quitno</a> list.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87">87</a> Preliminary Ohio crime statistics show aggravated assaults increased by 45% during 2007.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88">88</a>
Historically, <a href="/facts/Organized_crime/m2eEga1z">organized crime</a> operated in the city with the presence of the <a href="/facts/Black_Hand_(extortion)/sqhEH2fM">Black Hand</a> led by <a href="/facts/Rosario_Borgio/TRuT3Kyy">Rosario Borgio</a>, once headquartered on the city's north side in the first decade of the 20th century and the Walker-Mitchell mob, of which <a href="/facts/Pretty_Boy_Floyd/7YRIeR8b">Pretty Boy Floyd</a> was a member.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89">89</a> Akron has experienced several riots in its history, including the <a href="/facts/Crime_in_Akron%2c_Ohio/9PKj20EK">Riot of 1900</a> and the <a href="/facts/Crime_in_Akron%2c_Ohio/9PKj20EK">Wooster Avenue Riots of 1968</a>.
The distribution of <a href="/facts/Methamphetamine/vS1jloMe">methamphetamine</a> ("meth") in Akron greatly contributed to <a href="/facts/Summit_County%2c_Ohio/Cjcwyxho">Summit County</a> becoming known as the "Meth Capital of Ohio" in the early 2000s.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90">90</a> The county ranked third in the nation in the number of registered meth sites.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91">91</a> During the 1990s, motorcycle gang the <a href="/facts/Hells_Angels/hx3PPDUp">Hells Angels</a> sold the drug from bars frequented by members.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92">92</a> Between January 2004 and August 2009, the city had significantly more registered sites than any other city in the state.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93">93</a> Authorities believed a disruption of a major Mexican meth operation contributed to the increase of it being made locally.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94">94</a> In 2007, the Akron Police Department (APD) received a grant to help continue its work with other agencies and jurisdictions to support them in ridding the city of meth labs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95">95</a> The APD coordinates with the Summit County Drug Unit and the Drug Enforcement Administration, forming the Clandestine Methamphetamine Laboratory Response Team.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:96" href="#fn:96">96</a>

<h2 id="economy">Economy</h2>

Many industries in the United States either began or were influenced by the city. After beginning the <a href="/facts/Tire/TUgHKMQb">tire</a> and rubber industry during the 20th century with the founding of <a href="/facts/Goodrich_Corporation/D2EdB4xB">BFGoodrich</a>, <a href="/facts/Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company/RVLocSsu">Firestone</a>, <a href="/facts/General_Tire/BWDCIoWu">General Tire</a>, and also the <a href="/facts/Goodyear_Tire_and_Rubber_Company/QB1Ap5gT">Goodyear</a> merger with <a href="/facts/The_Kelly_Springfield_Tire_Company/H3b8Lblw">The Kelly-Springfield Tire Company</a>, Akron gained the status of "Rubber Capital of the World". Akron has won economic awards such as for City Livability and <a href="/facts/All-America_City/YxwuHIb9">All-America City</a>, and deemed a <a href="/facts/High_tech/td2FYKeX">high tech</a> haven greatly contributing to the <a href="/facts/Information_Age/PJUfNEx5">Information Age</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:97" href="#fn:97">97</a> Current <a href="/facts/Fortune_500/BLeHWymz">Fortune 500</a> companies headquartered in the city include Goodyear and <a href="/facts/FirstEnergy_Corp./eyEjk6cy">FirstEnergy</a>. In addition, the city is the headquarters to a number of other notable companies such as <a href="/facts/GOJO/3l272oDr">GOJO</a>, Advanced Elastomer Systems, <a href="/facts/Babcock_%2526_Wilcox/KxKLYIMD">Babcock & Wilcox</a>, Myers Industries, <a href="/facts/Acme_Fresh_Market/yyqt8gPz">Acme Fresh Market</a>, and <a href="/facts/Sterling_Jewelers/aaonVWHc">Sterling Jewelers</a>. Goodyear, America's biggest tire manufacturer and the fifth-largest private employer in Summit County,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:98" href="#fn:98">98</a> recently built a new world headquarters in the city. The project, Akron Riverwalk, will feature a large retail and commercial development area. The project began in 2007, but was put on hold because of the <a href="/facts/Great_Recession/9LoVUhLf">Great Recession</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:99" href="#fn:99">99</a> <a href="/facts/Bridgestone/Psgl8qe7">Bridgestone</a> built a new technical center with research and development labs, and moved its product development operations to the new facility in early 2012.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:100" href="#fn:100">100</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:101" href="#fn:101">101</a> The Eastern Ohio <a href="/facts/Division_(business)/WEEHTz4A">Division</a> of <a href="/facts/KeyBank/0FNKp55m">KeyBank</a>, which has six branches in the city, built a regional headquarters downtown.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:102" href="#fn:102">102</a> The city has a free <a href="/facts/WiFi/u94quCsx">WiFi</a> corridor centered in downtown. Neighborhoods in range include Goodyear Heights, East Akron, North Hill, Firestone Park, Kenmore, and West Akron.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:103" href="#fn:103">103</a>

<h3>Polymer Valley</h3>
Northeast Ohio's Polymer Valley is centered in Akron. The area holds forty-five percent of the state's polymer industries, with the oldest dating to the 19th century. During the 1980s and 1990s, an influx of new polymer companies came to the region.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:104" href="#fn:104">104</a> In 2001, more than 400 companies manufactured polymer-based materials in the region.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:105" href="#fn:105">105</a> Many <a href="/facts/University_of_Akron/y5vV3Cdf">University of Akron</a> scientists became world-renowned for their research done at the <a href="/facts/Goodyear_Polymer_Center/y5vV3Cdf">Goodyear Polymer Center</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:106" href="#fn:106">106</a> The first College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering was begun by the university. In 2010, the National Polymer Innovation Center opened on campus.

<h3>Hospitals</h3>

Akron has designated an area called the Biomedical Corridor, aimed at luring health-related ventures to the region. It encompasses 1,240 acres (5.0 km2) of private and publicly owned land, bounded by Akron General on the west and Akron City on the east, and also includes Akron Children's near the district's center with the former Saint Thomas Hospital to the north of its northern boundaries.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:107" href="#fn:107">107</a> Since its start in 2006, the corridor added the headquarters of companies such as Akron Polymer Systems.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:108" href="#fn:108">108</a>
Akron's adult hospitals are owned by two health systems, <a href="/facts/Summa_Health_System/qNUmFmcf">Summa Health System</a> and Akron General Health System. Summa Health System operates <a href="/facts/Summa_Akron_City_Hospital/dl8ndP94">Summa Akron City Hospital</a> and the former St. Thomas Hospital, which in 2008 were recognized for the 11th consecutive year as one of "America's Best Hospitals" by <a href="/facts/U.S._News_%2526_World_Report/5dUQWa8D">U.S. News & World Report</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:109" href="#fn:109">109</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:110" href="#fn:110">110</a> Summa is recognized as having one of the best orthopaedics programs in the nation with a ranking of 28th.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:111" href="#fn:111">111</a> Akron General Health in affiliation with the <a href="/facts/Cleveland_Clinic/vqB0tyyF">Cleveland Clinic</a> operates Akron General Medical Center, which in 2009, was recognized as one of "America's Best Hospitals" by <a href="/facts/U.S._News_%2526_World_Report/5dUQWa8D">U.S. News & World Report</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:112" href="#fn:112">112</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:113" href="#fn:113">113</a> <a href="/facts/Akron_Children%2527s_Hospital/tpExuADQ">Akron Children's Hospital</a> is an independent entity that specializes in pediatric care and burn care.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:114" href="#fn:114">114</a> In 1974, Howard Igel and Aaron Freeman successfully grew <a href="/facts/Human_skin/cfRXQwSs">human skin</a> in a lab to treat burn victims, making Akron Children's Hospital the first hospital in the world to achieve such a feat.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:115" href="#fn:115">115</a> Akron City and Akron General hospitals are designated <a href="/facts/Level_I_Trauma_Center/Mzz3FMCt">Level I Trauma Centers</a>.

<h3>Top employers</h3>
According to the city's 2020 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:116" href="#fn:116">116</a> the principal employers in the city are:

<table><tbody><tr><th>#</th><th>Employer</th><th>Employees</th></tr><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/facts/Summa_Health_System/qNUmFmcf">Summa Health System</a></td><td>8,609</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/facts/University_of_Akron/y5vV3Cdf">University of Akron</a></td><td>5,933</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/facts/Akron_Children%2527s_Hospital/tpExuADQ">Akron Children's Hospital</a></td><td>5,773</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/facts/FirstEnergy/eyEjk6cy">FirstEnergy</a></td><td>5,538</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/facts/Cleveland_Clinic_Akron_General/gIQUwolx">Cleveland Clinic- Akron General</a></td><td>4,779</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><a href="/facts/Akron_Public_Schools/aXp0RyX3">Akron Public Schools</a></td><td>4,544</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><a href="/facts/Summit_County%2c_Ohio/Cjcwyxho">Summit County</a></td><td>3,323</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td><a href="/facts/Goodyear_Tire_and_Rubber_Company/QB1Ap5gT">Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company</a></td><td>2,954</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>City of Akron</td><td>2,406</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td><a href="/facts/Signet_Jewelers/0KDKcEgC">Signet Jewelers</a></td><td>2,094</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2 id="arts-and-culture">Arts and culture</h2>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Culture_of_Akron%2c_Ohio/nvXALQzs">Culture of Akron, Ohio</a>
See also: <a href="/facts/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Akron%2c_Ohio/uRY6b0tm">National Register of Historic Places listings in Akron, Ohio</a>

Akron is home to <a href="/facts/E._J._Thomas_Hall/B7Er06Wz">E. J. Thomas Hall</a>, one of three Akron performance halls. Regular acts include the <a href="/facts/Akron_Symphony_Orchestra/CDH8ojnd">Akron Symphony Orchestra</a>, Tuesday Musical Club, and Children's Concert Society. World-class performance events include Broadway musicals, ballets, comedies, lectures, and entertainers attracting 400,000 visitors annually. The hall seats 2,955, divided among three tiers. Located downtown is the <a href="/facts/Akron_Civic_Theatre/McDH5xV8">Akron Civic Theatre</a>, a <a href="/facts/Movie_palace/kCXeTL2x">movie palace</a> which opened in 1929 and contains many Moorish features, including arches and decorative tiles.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:117" href="#fn:117">117</a> The theater seats 5,000. Lock 3, a historic <a href="/facts/Ohio_and_Erie_Canal/v64eTwBL">Ohio and Erie Canalway</a> landmark, has been transformed into an entertainment amphitheater that hosts festivals, concerts, and community events throughout the year. In Highland Square, Akron hosts a convergence of art, music, and community annually called Art in the Square, a festival featuring local artists and musicians.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:118" href="#fn:118">118</a>

The downtown <a href="/facts/Akron_Art_Museum/gQNGkQYj">Akron Art Museum</a> features art produced since 1850 along with national and international exhibitions.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:119" href="#fn:119">119</a> It opened in 1922 as the Akron Art Institute, in the basement of the <a href="/facts/Akron_Public_Library/rTkNQYfP">Akron Public Library</a>. It moved to its current location at the renovated 1899 post office building in 1981. In 2007, the museum more than tripled in size with the addition of the John S. and James L. Knight Building, which received the 2005 American Architecture Award from the Chicago Athenaeum<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:120" href="#fn:120">120</a> while still under construction.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:121" href="#fn:121">121</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:122" href="#fn:122">122</a>
The <a href="/facts/Akron_Zoo/P2cpCrGN">Akron Zoo</a> is located just outside downtown and was an initial gift of property from the city's founding family.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:123" href="#fn:123">123</a> Built between 1912 and 1915 for Goodyear Tire & Rubber co-founding <a href="/facts/Frank_Seiberling/c8K3Qk8w">Frank Seiberling</a>, <a href="/facts/Stan_Hywet_Hall_and_Gardens/Ct4KDuxP">Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens</a> is the seventh-largest <a href="/facts/Largest_Historic_Homes_in_the_United_States/uL1ItRGn">historic house in the United States</a>. It hosts various attractions and public events throughout the year. Akron is home to the American Marble and Toy Museum.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:124" href="#fn:124">124</a>
National events hosted annually in Akron cover a wide variety of hobbies and interests. The PGA World Golf Championships travel to Akron each year for the <a href="/facts/Bridgestone_Invitational/wfxpRMyb">Bridgestone Invitational</a> at <a href="/facts/Firestone_Country_Club/TyuJuW4u">Firestone Country Club</a>. <a href="/facts/All-American_Soap_Box_Derby/mQ2QsYcq">The All-American Soap Box Derby</a> is a youth racing program which has its World Championship finals at Derby Downs. In mid July, the <a href="/facts/Hamburger/6TqC1AKy">National Hamburger Festival</a> consists of different vendors serving original recipe <a href="/facts/Hamburgers/6TqC1AKy">hamburgers</a> and has a Miss Hamburger contest.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:125" href="#fn:125">125</a> Lock 3 Park annually hosts the <a href="/facts/First_Night/VYLXpvJt">First Night</a> Akron celebration on New Year's Eve.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:126" href="#fn:126">126</a> The park also annually hosts the Italian Festival and the "Rib, White & Blue" food festival in July.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:127" href="#fn:127">127</a> <a href="/facts/Alcoholics_Anonymous/owLBcGtT">Founders Day</a> is celebrated annually because of the founding of <a href="/facts/Alcoholics_Anonymous/owLBcGtT">Alcoholics Anonymous</a> within the city. The <a href="/facts/Dr._Robert_Smith_House/HUWyJktn">Dr. Robert Smith House</a> is located in Akron.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:128" href="#fn:128">128</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:129" href="#fn:129">129</a>

<h3>Architecture</h3>
See also: Category:Buildings and structures in Akron, Ohio

As a result of multiple towns merging, and industry boom, Akron's architecture is diverse. Originally a canal town, the city is divided into two parts by the <a href="/facts/Ohio_and_Erie_Canal/v64eTwBL">Ohio and Erie Canal</a>, with downtown being centered on it. Along the locks, the city has a path paved with rubber. The contrasting neighborhoods of Goodyear Heights and Firestone Park were built during the rubber industry to house workers and their families. Both are communities filled with houses based on mail-order plans. Akron was awarded the <a href="/facts/World%2527s_most_livable_cities/WIa6Jmjh">City Livability Award</a> in 2008 for its efforts to co-purpose new school buildings as community learning centers. In 2009, the <a href="/facts/National_Arbor_Day_Foundation/qUNJdrka">National Arbor Day Foundation</a> designated Akron as a <a href="/facts/Tree_City_USA/qUNJdrka">Tree City USA</a> for the 14th time.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:130" href="#fn:130">130</a>
Many of the city's government and civic buildings, including City Hall and the <a href="/facts/Summit_County_Courthouse_(Ohio)/Nkt0lkg5">Summit County Courthouse</a> are from pre-World War Two, but the <a href="/facts/Akron-Summit_County_Public_Library/S8XT8lS6">Akron-Summit County Public Library</a>, and <a href="/facts/John_S._Knight_Center/ppBBFtpd">John S. Knight Center</a> are considerably newer. The library originally opened in 1969, but reopened as a greatly expanded facility in 2004. The Knight Center opened in 1994.
The First Methodist Episcopal Church first used the <a href="/facts/Akron_Plan/zATkJJQI">Akron Plan</a> in 1872. The plan later gained popularity, being used in many <a href="/facts/Congregational_church/bSVbGWM1">Congregationalist</a>, <a href="/facts/Baptists/nMKlmaVb">Baptist</a>, and <a href="/facts/Presbyterianism/LdbUk62a">Presbyterian</a> church buildings.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:131" href="#fn:131">131</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:132" href="#fn:132">132</a>
Completed in 1931, Akron's tallest building, the <a href="/facts/Huntington_Tower/60IyvW1B">Huntington Tower</a> features the <a href="/facts/Art_deco/y1xFeh9t">art deco</a> style and is covered in <a href="/facts/Glazed_architectural_terra-cotta/S4EXzDtF">glazed architectural terra-cotta</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:133" href="#fn:133">133</a> Standing 330 feet (100 m) tall, it is built on top of the Hamilton Building, completed in 1900 in the <a href="/facts/Neo-Gothic/gWJmqCH1">neo-Gothic</a> style. Near the turn of the millennium the tower was given a $2.5 million facelift, including a $1.8 million restoration of the tower's terra-cotta, brick, and limestone.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:134" href="#fn:134">134</a> The top of the building has a television broadcast tower formerly used by WAKR-TV (now <a href="/facts/WVPX-TV/SrQr3X4T">WVPX-TV</a>) and <a href="/facts/WAKR-AM/Vp7Innsr">WAKR-AM</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:135" href="#fn:135">135</a> Located on the <a href="/facts/University_of_Akron/y5vV3Cdf">University of Akron</a> campus, the <a href="/facts/Goodyear_Polymer_Center/y5vV3Cdf">Goodyear Polymer Center</a> consists of glass twin towers connected by walkways. The university also formerly used the old <a href="/facts/Quaker_Oats/AwDsJ1EB">Quaker Oats</a> factory as a dormitory, including using it as a quarantine center during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. For many years it had been a shopping center called <a href="/facts/Quaker_Square/WXvG5yKK">Quaker Square</a>. There had also been a hotel there.
The Akron Art Museum commissioned <a href="/facts/Coop_Himmelblau/0JkU5Rnb">Coop Himmelblau</a> to design an expansion in 2007. The new building connects to the old building and is divided into three parts known as the "Crystal",<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:136" href="#fn:136">136</a> the "Gallery Box",<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:137" href="#fn:137">137</a> and the "Roof Cloud".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:138" href="#fn:138">138</a>

<h3>Cuisine</h3>
See also: <a href="/facts/History_of_Quaker_Oats/AwDsJ1EB">History of Quaker Oats</a>
Several residents of Akron have played a role in defining American cuisine. <a href="/facts/Ferdinand_Schumacher/fuo0xt8G">Ferdinand Schumacher</a> created the first American <a href="/facts/Oatmeal/SetojSYJ">oatmeal</a> and is a pioneer of <a href="/facts/Breakfast_cereal/UoB6gfz3">breakfast cereal</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:139" href="#fn:139">139</a> He also founded the Empire Barley Mill and <a href="/facts/German_Mills_American_Oatmeal_Company/WXvG5yKK">German Mills American Oatmeal Company</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:140" href="#fn:140">140</a> which would later merge several times with other companies, with the result being the <a href="/facts/Quaker_Oats_Company/AwDsJ1EB">Quaker Oats Company</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:141" href="#fn:141">141</a> The Menches Brothers, are the disputed inventors of the <a href="/facts/Waffle/xVQBYfmV">waffle</a> <a href="/facts/Ice_cream_cone/8fcXrGfs">ice cream cone</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:142" href="#fn:142">142</a> <a href="/facts/Caramel_corn/65YaNtoj">caramel corn</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:143" href="#fn:143">143</a> and <a href="/facts/Hamburger/6TqC1AKy">hamburger</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:144" href="#fn:144">144</a> <a href="/facts/Strickland%2527s_Frozen_Custard/2kbj2Hto">Strickland's Frozen Custard</a> is located in Akron.

<h2 id="sports">Sports</h2>
<table><tbody><tr><th>Team</th><th>Sport</th><th>League</th><th>Venue (capacity)</th><th>Attendance</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Akron_RubberDucks/c2X6RthH">Akron RubberDucks</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Baseball/42bEQy1Y">Baseball</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Eastern_League_(1938%25E2%2580%2593present)/Qu1DaLnE">Eastern League</a> (<a href="/facts/Double-A_(baseball)/kVeBb92Q">AA</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Canal_Park_(Akron%2c_Ohio)/RBFxrSbQ">Canal Park</a> (7,630)</td><td>5,074</td></tr><tr><td>Akron Aviators</td><td><a href="/facts/Basketball/M5pl4Pzo">Basketball</a></td><td><a href="/facts/American_Basketball_Association_(2000%25E2%2580%2593present)/SYU1STHg">American Basketball Association</a></td><td>Innes Community Learning Center</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Akron_City_FC/dHEoHQfs">Akron City FC</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Soccer/yttjeD0D">Soccer</a></td><td><a href="/facts/National_Premier_Soccer_League/Js0xEDNy">National Premier Soccer League</a> (Rust Belt Conference)</td><td><a href="/facts/St._Vincent%25E2%2580%2593St._Mary_High_School/jMn19awb">Green Street Stadium</a> (3,000)</td><td>625</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Akron_Zips_football/t7NUUrbN">Akron Zips football</a></td><td><a href="/facts/American_football/TGzJa1nW">American football</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Mid-American_Conference/FuDB07MS">Mid-American Conference</a> (<a href="/facts/NCAA/nLkY4pm1">NCAA</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/InfoCision_Stadium_%25E2%2580%2593_Summa_Field/gAhnpmVl">InfoCision Stadium</a> (30,000)</td><td>18,098</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Akron_Zips_men%2527s_basketball/9uz2A9Sa">Akron Zips men's basketball</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Basketball/M5pl4Pzo">Basketball</a></td><td>Mid-American Conference (NCAA)</td><td><a href="/facts/James_A._Rhodes_Arena/BySRUDcr">James A. Rhodes Arena</a> (5,500)</td><td>3,351</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Akron_Zips_men%2527s_soccer/NngGvE0U">Akron Zips men's soccer</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Soccer/yttjeD0D">Soccer</a></td><td>Big East (NCAA)</td><td><a href="/facts/FirstEnergy_Stadium%25E2%2580%2593Cub_Cadet_Field/vuaD2Ibo">FirstEnergy Stadium</a> (4,000)</td><td>2,186</td></tr></tbody></table>

The <a href="/facts/Akron_RubberDucks/c2X6RthH">Akron RubberDucks</a> baseball team moved to Akron from Canton in 1997 and have won the <a href="/facts/Eastern_League_(1938%25E2%2580%25932020)/Qu1DaLnE">Eastern League</a> Championship six times, most recently in 2021. The <a href="/facts/Akron_Marathon/CJSzCEKD">Akron Marathon</a> is an annual marathon in the city which offers a team relay and shorter races throughout the summer and fall.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:145" href="#fn:145">145</a> The <a href="/facts/All-American_Soap_Box_Derby/mQ2QsYcq">All-American Soap Box Derby</a> takes place each year at the <a href="/facts/Derby_Downs/uhXSXWz2">Derby Downs</a> since 1936. <a href="/facts/LeBron_James/Xv3hTFum">LeBron James</a>' King for Kids bike-a-thon feature James riding with kids through the city each June.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:146" href="#fn:146">146</a> In November, the city hosts the annual Home Run for the Homeless 4-mile run. Akron hosted some of the events of the <a href="/facts/2014_Gay_Games/vEfVDjRy">2014 Gay Games</a> including the marathon, the men's and women's golf tournaments at <a href="/facts/Firestone_Country_Club/TyuJuW4u">Firestone Country Club</a>, and softball at <a href="/facts/Firestone_Stadium/V0vTuojo">Firestone Stadium</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:147" href="#fn:147">147</a>
The <a href="/facts/University_of_Akron/y5vV3Cdf">University of Akron</a>'s <a href="/facts/Akron_Zips/NgBUglyM">Akron Zips</a> compete in the <a href="/facts/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association/nLkY4pm1">NCAA</a> and the Mid-American Conference (MAC) in a variety of sports at the <a href="/facts/Division_I_(NCAA)/fJv6wUW1">Division I</a> level. The <a href="/facts/Akron_Zips_men%2527s_basketball/9uz2A9Sa">men's basketball team</a> appeared in the NCAA Tournament in 1986, 2009, 2011, and 2013. In 2009, the <a href="/facts/Akron_Zips_men%2527s_soccer/NngGvE0U">Zips men's soccer team</a> completed the regular-season undefeated, then won the <a href="/facts/NCAA_Men%2527s_Division_I_Soccer_Championship/cC1vLqk9">NCAA Men's Division I Soccer Championship</a> in 2010. <a href="/facts/Zippy_(mascot)/wgIgrkIB">Zippy</a>, one of the eight female NCAA mascots, won the National Mascot of the Year contest in 2007.
Former teams of Akron include the <a href="/facts/Akron_Professionals/96w5lfag">Akron Professionals</a> of the <a href="/facts/National_Football_League/cBH0hxRV">National Football League</a> who played in the historic <a href="/facts/Rubber_Bowl/zx4ml1Rh">Rubber Bowl</a> and won the 1920 championship; the <a href="/facts/Goodyear_Silents/5eNcvt2M">Goodyear Silents</a>, a deaf semi-professional football; the <a href="/facts/Akron_Black_Tyrites/fYYdoa6j">Akron Black Tyrites</a> of the <a href="/facts/Negro_National_League_(1933-1948)/44C3XxxS">Negro National League</a>; the <a href="/facts/Akron_Americans/x9F9g0Gl">Akron Americans</a> of the <a href="/facts/International_Hockey_League_(1945%25E2%2580%25932001)/rLmUE4AR">International Hockey League</a>; the <a href="/facts/Akron_Lightning/CIGtMVqX">Akron Lightning</a> of the <a href="/facts/International_Basketball_League/ysUQhPEK">International Basketball League</a>; the <a href="/facts/Akron_Summit_Assault/2W5P1XJK">Akron Summit Assault</a> of the <a href="/facts/USL_Premier_Development_League/kKkCvtbH">USL Premier Development League</a>, the fourth tier of the <a href="/facts/American_Soccer_Pyramid/RJ8XJTzI">American Soccer Pyramid</a>; the <a href="/facts/Akron_Wingfoots/STjpCyrN">Akron Wingfoots</a> of the <a href="/facts/National_Basketball_League_(United_States)/8YY7mPL0">National Basketball League</a>, who won the first <a href="/facts/National_Basketball_League_(United_States)/8YY7mPL0">NBL Championship</a> and the <a href="/facts/Intercontinental_Cup_(basketball)/tdIQBfNu">International Cup</a> three times; the <a href="/facts/Akron_Firestone_Non-Skids/gDmKb18V">Akron Firestone Non-Skids</a>, also of the <a href="/facts/National_Basketball_League_(United_States)/8YY7mPL0">National Basketball League</a>, who won the title consecutively, in 1939 and 1940; and the Akron Vulcans, a professional football team that played in the <a href="/facts/Continental_Football_League/WXWKRaS1">Continental Football League</a> for part of the 1967 season.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:148" href="#fn:148">148</a> Akron had 2 teams who won the <a href="/facts/National_Basketball_League_(United_States)/8YY7mPL0">National Basketball League</a> in the '30s and '40s, before the foundation of the <a href="/facts/National_Basketball_Association/Vd3EUFfa">NBA</a>.
The <a href="/facts/Firestone_Country_Club/TyuJuW4u">Firestone Country Club</a>, which annually hosted the <a href="/facts/WGC-Bridgestone_Invitational/wfxpRMyb">WGC-Bridgestone Invitational</a>, has in the past hosted the <a href="/facts/PGA_Championship/MGaQICkb">PGA Championship</a>, <a href="/facts/American_Golf_Classic/aXBMYtDb">American Golf Classic</a>, and <a href="/facts/Rubber_City_Open_Invitational/u5X8J8Lr">Rubber City Open Invitational</a>. On January 7, 1938, Akron became the birthplace of women's professional <a href="/facts/Mud_Wrestling/mTFzecQw">Mud Wrestling</a>, in a match including <a href="/facts/Professional_Wrestling_Hall_of_Fame/0DDJhMvu">Professional Wrestling</a>, <a href="/facts/WWE_Hall_of_Fame/8gVWw7Xu">WWE</a>, and <a href="/facts/Wrestling_Observer_Hall_of_Fame/93WctTUB">Wrestling Observer Hall of Famer</a>, <a href="/facts/Mildred_Burke/U2tsadqB">Mildred Burke</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:149" href="#fn:149">149</a> The <a href="/facts/Professional_Bowlers_Association/bmGhhmYW">Professional Bowlers Association</a> started in the city during 1958.

<h2 id="parks-and-recreation">Parks and recreation</h2>

<a href="/facts/Summit_Metro_Parks/7TlwDkY2">Summit Metro Parks</a> is the <a href="/facts/Metroparks/TTfAMGCx">metroparks</a> system serving Akron. Major parks in Akron include Lock 3, Firestone, Goodyear Heights, the F.A. Seiberling Nature Realm, and part of <a href="/facts/Cuyahoga_Valley_National_Park/jRsYzGWW">Cuyahoga Valley National Park</a>. Located within the Sand Run Metro Park, the 104 acres (0.42 km2) F.A. Seiberling Nature Realm features a visitor center, hiking trails, three ponds, gardens, and an array of special programs throughout the year. The Akron Police Museum displays mementos including items from <a href="/facts/Pretty_Boy_Floyd/7YRIeR8b">Pretty Boy Floyd</a>, whose gang frequented the city.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:150" href="#fn:150">150</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:151" href="#fn:151">151</a>
Several of the parks are along the locks of the <a href="/facts/Ohio_and_Erie_Canal/v64eTwBL">Ohio and Erie Canal</a>. Lock 3 Park in downtown Akron features an outdoor amphitheater hosting live music, festivals and special events year-round. The park was created in the early 21st century to provide green space within the city. In the winter, the park is temporarily converted into an outdoor ice-skating rink.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:152" href="#fn:152">152</a> Adjacent to the Derby Downs race hill is a 19,000-square-foot (1,800 m2) outdoor skatepark, and nearby is a <a href="/facts/BMX_racing/C5yGkzDm">BMX racing</a> course where organized races are often held in the warmer months. Akron residents can enjoy various ice skating activities year-round at the historic <a href="/facts/Akron_Ice_House/EwEeckWt">Akron Ice House</a>.
The <a href="/facts/Ohio_and_Erie_Canal_Towpath_Trail/7HQVNS6y">Ohio and Erie Canal Towpath Trail</a> is a regional bike and hike trail that follows the canal north to Cleveland and south to <a href="/facts/New_Philadelphia%2c_Ohio/rlLtTtqL">New Philadelphia, Ohio</a>. The trail features a floating observation deck section over Summit Lake. It is a popular tourist attraction, as it attracts over 2 million visits annually.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:153" href="#fn:153">153</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:154" href="#fn:154">154</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:155" href="#fn:155">155</a> The Portage Hike and Bike Trail connects with the hike and bike trails in the county.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:156" href="#fn:156">156</a>

<h2 id="government">Government</h2>

See also: <a href="/facts/List_of_mayors_of_Akron%2c_Ohio/qAMquC6B">List of mayors of Akron, Ohio</a> and <a href="/facts/List_of_Akron_politicians/qx68frPS">List of Akron politicians</a>

The mayor of Akron is elected in a citywide vote. In 2023, the city elected its 63rd mayor. The city is divided into 10 wards, each elect a member to the Akron City Council, while an additional 3 are elected at large. The mayor's cabinet currently consist of directors and deputy directors of administration, communications, community relations, economic development, intergovernmental relations, labor relations, law, planning & urban development, planning director – deputy, public safety, and public service.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:157" href="#fn:157">157</a> The city adopted a new charter of the <a href="/facts/City_commission_government/CcPy2bQy">commissioner manager type</a> in 1920, but reverted to its old form in 1924.
The current mayor is <a href="/facts/Shammas_Malik/sQJz5DbF">Shammas Malik</a>, who succeeded <a href="/facts/Dan_Horrigan/EPSb951L">Dan Horrigan</a> after the <a href="/facts/2023_Akron_mayoral_election/so4MWFMb">2023 election</a>. Longtime Akron Mayor <a href="/facts/Don_Plusquellic/IU5LQdG5">Don Plusquellic</a> announced on May 8, 2015, that he would resign on May 31 after 28 years as mayor and 41 years of service to the city.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:158" href="#fn:158">158</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:159" href="#fn:159">159</a> On May 31, 2015, Garry Moneypenny was sworn in as the new mayor at East High School. Moneypenny was former Chief Deputy and Assistant Sheriff of the Summit County Sheriff's Department, former <a href="/facts/Springfield_Township%2c_Summit_County%2c_Ohio/YdhmMVKs">Springfield Township</a> Police Department Chief of Police,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:160" href="#fn:160">160</a> and former Akron City Council President.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:161" href="#fn:161">161</a>
On June 5, 2015, less than a week after he took office, Mayor Moneypenny announced he would not run for a full term because of inappropriate contact with a city employee.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:162" href="#fn:162">162</a> Three days later, Moneypenny announced he would resign effective at midnight on June 10. Council president Jeff Fusco assumed the duties of mayor on June 11, 2015. Fusco ran for and was elected to an at-large council seat, rather than seeking a full term as mayor. Fusco also announced he would temporarily step down as Chair of the Summit County Democratic Party, because the city charter calls for the Mayor to devote his full attention to the city.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:163" href="#fn:163">163</a>
As of July 1, 2015, three Democrats and one Republican were running for Mayor of Akron. The Democratic candidates were <a href="/facts/Summit_County%2c_Ohio/Cjcwyxho">Summit County</a> <a href="/facts/Court_clerk/LAJA2AUz">Clerk of Courts</a> and former ward 4 Councilman Dan Horrigan; at-large Councilman Mike Williams; and Summit County Councilman Frank Communale. Horrigan won the Democratic primary, held on September 8. In the general election, he faced the lone GOP candidate, Eddie Sipplen, an African-American criminal defense attorney.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:164" href="#fn:164">164</a> On November 3, 2015, Horrigan was elected as the 62nd mayor of the city of Akron. He took office on January 1, 2016. On November 5, 2019, Mayor Horrigan was re-elected to a second term.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:165" href="#fn:165">165</a>
The current members of the city council, all Democrats, are:

<ul><li>Ward 1 – Samuel D. DeShazior</li>
<li>Ward 2 – Phil Lombardo</li>
<li>Ward 3 – Margo Sommerville – president</li>
<li>Ward 4 – Jan Davis</li>
<li>Ward 5 – Johnnie Hannah</li>
<li>Ward 6 – Brad McKitrick – president pro-tempore</li>
<li>Ward 7 – Donnie Kammer</li>
<li>Ward 8 – Bruce Bolden</li>
<li>Ward 9 – Tina Boyes</li>
<li>Ward 10 – Sharon L. Connor</li>
<li>At Large – Linda F. R. Omobien</li>
<li>At Large – Jeff Fusco – vice president</li>
<li>At Large – Eric D. Garrett Sr.</li>
<li>Clerk of Council – Sara Biviano</li>
<li>Council Chief of Staff - Dr. Joan M. Williams <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:166" href="#fn:166">166</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="education">Education</h2>
See also: Category:Education in Akron, Ohio and <a href="/facts/List_of_University_of_Akron_people/3mTgj5pN">List of University of Akron people</a>

Preschool, elementary, and secondary education is mainly provided by the <a href="/facts/Akron_Public_Schools/aXp0RyX3">Akron City School District</a>. The district's planning began in 1840 when Ansel Miller proposed building free public schools for all children, funded by property taxes. After facing opposition, Miller teamed up with Isaac Jennings, who became chair of a committee to improve the school system. On November 21, 1846, their plan was unanimously approved by citizens, and the Ohio Legislature adopted it as "An Act for the Support and Better Regulation of the Common Schools of the Town of Akron" on February 8, 1847.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:167" href="#fn:167">167</a>
Akron's first public schools opened in the fall of 1847 and were led by Mortimer Leggett. he first annual report showed that it cost less than $2 a year to educate a child. By 1857, the annual operating cost had risen to $4,200 (~$108,341 in 2023). Primary schools were taught by young women, who were paid less and supervised by a male superintendent. From 1877 to 1952, Akron graduated students semi-annually instead of annually. In the 1920s, an Americanization program was designed to help the many Akron students who were first-generation Americans.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:168" href="#fn:168">168</a> All Akron public schools are going through a 15-year, $800 million rebuilding process.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:169" href="#fn:169">169</a> The city's schools have been moved from "Academic Watch" to "Continuous Improvement" by the <a href="/facts/Ohio_Department_of_Education/oIRtKrRB">Ohio Department of Education</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:170" href="#fn:170">170</a>
Akron also has many private, parochial and charter schools. As part of his charitable foundation's initiatives in the city, <a href="/facts/LeBron_James/Xv3hTFum">LeBron James</a> founded the <a href="/facts/I_Promise_School/SAfkc3Nr">I Promise School</a>, which serves underprivileged kids.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:171" href="#fn:171">171</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:172" href="#fn:172">172</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:173" href="#fn:173">173</a> Akron was served by the <a href="/facts/Akron_Digital_Academy/m6RsGnd8">Akron Digital Academy</a> from 2002 to 2018, when it shut down.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:174" href="#fn:174">174</a>
The city is home to the <a href="/facts/University_of_Akron/y5vV3Cdf">University of Akron</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:175" href="#fn:175">175</a> Originally Buchtel College, the school is home of the <a href="/facts/Goodyear_Polymer_Center/y5vV3Cdf">Goodyear Polymer Center</a> and the National Polymer Innovation Center.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:176" href="#fn:176">176</a> Part of the <a href="/facts/University_System_of_Ohio/1tpfnCVp">University System of Ohio</a>, the university enrolls approximately 15,000 students.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:177" href="#fn:177">177</a>

<h2 id="media">Media</h2>

<h3>Print</h3>
Akron was served in print by the daily <a href="/facts/Akron_Beacon_Journal/xdcW79FP">Akron Beacon Journal</a>, formerly the flagship newspaper of the Knight Newspapers chain; the weekly "The Akron Reporter"; and the weekly West Side Leader newspapers and the monthly magazine Akron Life. The Buchtelite newspaper is published by the <a href="/facts/University_of_Akron/y5vV3Cdf">University of Akron</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:178" href="#fn:178">178</a>

<h3>TV</h3>
Akron is part of the <a href="/facts/Greater_Cleveland/KfR3kh5S">Cleveland-Akron-Canton</a> TV market, the 18th largest market in the U.S.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:179" href="#fn:179">179</a> Within the market, <a href="/facts/WEAO_(TV)/QvTd7C3k">WEAO</a> (<a href="/facts/PBS/E6q9udH8">PBS</a>), <a href="/facts/WVPX/SrQr3X4T">WVPX</a> (<a href="/facts/ION_Television/LRkrmBRr">ION</a>), and <a href="/facts/WBNX-TV/H7h3HNQG">WBNX-TV</a> (<a href="/facts/Independent_station_(North_America)/er4xtnC1">independent</a>) are licensed to Akron. WEAO serves Akron specifically, while WBNX and WVPX identify as "Akron/Cleveland", serving the entire market. Akron has no native news broadcast, having lost its only news station when the former WAKC became WVPX in 1996. WVPX and Cleveland's <a href="/facts/WKYC/SEXUCw4J">WKYC</a> later provided a joint news program, which was cancelled in 2005.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:180" href="#fn:180">180</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:181" href="#fn:181">181</a>

<h3>Radio</h3>
See also: Akron Radio
Though it is part of a combined TV market with Cleveland, Akron is its own radio market, with 12 stations directly serving it, including music stations <a href="/facts/WQMX/usLltafA">WQMX</a> 94.9 (Country), <a href="/facts/WONE-FM/pNwp4fsn">WONE</a> 97.5 (Classic rock), <a href="/facts/WKDD/489u9Xvf">WKDD</a> 98.1 (Contemporary Hits), and <a href="/facts/WAKR/Vp7Innsr">WAKR</a> 1590/93.5 (<a href="/facts/Soft_AC/85e6MkFa">Soft AC</a>/<a href="/facts/Full_service_radio/VnK0Yuse">Full service</a>).
<a href="/facts/WHLO/AlGFpkaa">WHLO</a> 640 and <a href="/facts/WNIR-FM/4PcVWSKc">WNIR-FM</a> 100.1 feature news/talk formats, while <a href="/facts/WCUE/Dr5HoQmu">WCUE</a> 1150 and <a href="/facts/WKJA/H4Q4b0ev">WKJA</a> 91.9 air religious programming.
As the regional <a href="/facts/NPR/BohIW9Xg">NPR</a> <a href="/facts/Network_affiliate/SFPunbp1">affiliate</a>, <a href="/facts/WKSU/D82e5Ecb">WKSU</a> 89.7 serves all of Northeast Ohio (including both the Cleveland and Akron markets).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:182" href="#fn:182">182</a> College and school run stations include <a href="/facts/WZIP/dBj4Jcg3">WZIP</a> 88.1 (Top 40 – <a href="/facts/University_of_Akron/y5vV3Cdf">University of Akron</a>), <a href="/facts/WSTB/ha1IlYld">WSTB</a> 88.9 (Alternative – Streetsboro City Schools), and <a href="/facts/WAPS-FM/BeWwrB43">WAPS</a> 91.3 (<a href="/facts/Album_Adult_Alternative/PKw7mdwh">AAA</a> – <a href="/facts/Akron_Public_Schools/aXp0RyX3">Akron Public Schools</a>)

<h3>Film and television</h3>
Akron has served as the setting for several <a href="/facts/Major_film_studio/PzIn05EM">major studio</a> and <a href="/facts/Independent_film/jrUBoAMB">independent</a> films. Inducted into the <a href="/facts/National_Film_Registry/HGoP1Mre">National Film Registry</a>, <a href="/facts/Dance%2c_Girl%2c_Dance/sHLTKaKd">Dance, Girl, Dance</a> (1940), tells the story of two dancers from Akron who go to New York City.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:183" href="#fn:183">183</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:184" href="#fn:184">184</a> <a href="/facts/My_Name_is_Bill_W./cdsAmdEP">My Name is Bill W.</a> (1989) tells the true story of <a href="/facts/Bill_W./UKnGIskw">Bill Wilson</a> who co-founded <a href="/facts/Alcoholics_Anonymous/owLBcGtT">Alcoholics Anonymous</a>, which held its first meetings at the <a href="/facts/Stan_Hywet_Hall_and_Gardens/Ct4KDuxP">Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens</a> and has over two million members today.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:185" href="#fn:185">185</a> The program's connection to the Saint Thomas Hospital is alluded to in an episode of the television series <a href="/facts/Prison_Break/QYRnHfB7">Prison Break</a> (2005), where <a href="/facts/Michael_Scofield/TsHXxWYw">Michael Scofield</a> talks to <a href="/facts/Sara_Tancredi/HdBKy5Vf">Sara Tancredi</a> on the phone while there.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:186" href="#fn:186">186</a> The Akron Armory is used as a venue for a female wrestling team in <a href="/facts/...All_the_Marbles/v42dteDf">...All the Marbles</a> (1981).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:187" href="#fn:187">187</a> <a href="/facts/More_than_a_Game/6RIC84dA">More than a Game</a> (2009) documents <a href="/facts/National_Basketball_Association/Vd3EUFfa">National Basketball Association</a> player <a href="/facts/LeBron_James/Xv3hTFum">LeBron James</a> and his <a href="/facts/St._Vincent_%25E2%2580%2593_St._Mary_High_School/jMn19awb">St. Vincent – St. Mary High School</a> high school basketball team's journey.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:188" href="#fn:188">188</a> In <a href="/facts/Drake_(entertainer)/yJ5SndUt">Drake</a>'s music video to <a href="/facts/Forever_(Drake_song)/edmPjPCf">Forever</a> (2009) off the <a href="/facts/More_than_a_Game_(soundtrack)/1eLzh6Az">More than a Game soundtrack</a> (2009), the iconic <a href="/facts/Goodyear_Tire_and_Rubber_Company/QB1Ap5gT">Goodyear</a>'s logo on top the company's theater is shown. The city has been frequently portrayed in media, from "Hell on Earth" in the television series I'm In Hell (2007),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:189" href="#fn:189">189</a> to the whereabouts of a holy woman in The Virgin of Akron, Ohio (2007).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:190" href="#fn:190">190</a> Henry Spivey of <a href="/facts/My_Own_Worst_Enemy_(TV_series)/tn1CLHvg">My Own Worst Enemy</a> (2008), travels to Akron through the series many times.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:191" href="#fn:191">191</a> <a href="/facts/George_Costanza/6dBo1Pqe">George Costanza</a> in an episode of <a href="/facts/The_Comeback_(Seinfeld)/TEAa0rnd">Seinfeld</a> (1989), flies to Akron and has a meeting at <a href="/facts/Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company/RVLocSsu">Firestone</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:192" href="#fn:192">192</a> <a href="/facts/M.Y.O.B._(TV_series)/9WuYKtUN">M.Y.O.B.</a> (2008) is centered on an Akron runaway girl named Riley Veatch.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:193" href="#fn:193">193</a> Jake Foley of <a href="/facts/Jake_2.0/UVqMS4jo">Jake 2.0</a> (2003), <a href="/facts/List_of_Rugrats_characters/fDNpJJGM">Pickles family</a> of the <a href="/facts/Rugrats/9tsnuxHd">Rugrats</a> (1991), and J.Reid of <a href="/facts/In_Too_Deep_(1999_film)/a2xsEh4V">In Too Deep</a> (1999), and Avery Barkley of Nashville (2016) are also from the city. Akron was also in the spotlight on the television show <a href="/facts/Criminal_Minds/HwA2dywG">Criminal Minds</a> "Compromising Positions" (2010) Season 6, Episode 4. The 2015 film <a href="/facts/Room_(2015_film)/z7aMUl3U">Room</a> is set in Akron, <a href="/facts/List_of_films_shot_in_Toronto/69V7KpH4">filmed in Toronto</a> with <a href="/facts/Staging_(theatre%2c_film%2c_television)/Cy8GqDDo">staging</a> to signify Akron.

<h2 id="transportation">Transportation</h2>
<h3>Airports</h3>

The primary terminal that airline passengers traveling to or from Akron use is the <a href="/facts/Akron%25E2%2580%2593Canton_Airport/YukR2RxM">Akron–Canton Airport</a>, serving nearly 2 million passengers a year. The Akron-Canton Airport is a commercial <a href="/facts/Airspace_class/XJnMjV3f">Class C</a> airport located in the suburb of <a href="/facts/Green%2c_Ohio/8sKUJ4tB">Green, Ohio</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:194" href="#fn:194">194</a> roughly 10 mi (16 km) southeast of Akron operated jointly by <a href="/facts/Stark_County%2c_Ohio/zlfuS6E0">Stark</a> and Summit counties. It serves as an alternative for travelers to or from the Cleveland area as well. <a href="/facts/Akron_Fulton_International_Airport/Rn0gTzpu">Akron Fulton International Airport</a> is a <a href="/facts/General_aviation/gA0ozoWt">general aviation</a> airport located in and owned by the city that serves private planes. It first opened in 1929 and has operated in several different capacities since then. The airport had commercial scheduled airline service until the 1950s and it is now used for both cargo and private planes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:195" href="#fn:195">195</a>
It is home of the <a href="/facts/Goodyear_Airdock/NwbRyQv7">Lockheed Martin Airdock</a>, where the Goodyear airships, dirigibles, and blimps were originally stored and maintained. The Goodyear blimps are now housed outside of Akron in a facility on the shores of Wingfoot Lake in nearby <a href="/facts/Suffield_Township%2c_Portage_County%2c_Ohio/4a5gY5Fh">Suffield Township</a>.

<h3>Railroads</h3>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Akron_Northside_station/doHuHeeR">Akron Northside station</a>

Akron Northside Station is a train station at 27 Ridge Street along the <a href="/facts/Cuyahoga_Valley_Scenic_Railroad/180V0mn8">Cuyahoga Valley Scenic Railroad</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:196" href="#fn:196">196</a>
Because of the city's large rubber industry, Akron was once served by a variety of railroads that competed for the city's freight and passenger business. The largest were the <a href="/facts/Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad/qSpE5pY1">Baltimore and Ohio Railroad</a>, <a href="/facts/Erie_Railroad/mR5JoA37">Erie Railroad</a>, and the <a href="/facts/Pennsylvania_Railroad/ajhjU4KH">Pennsylvania Railroad</a>. Smaller regional railroads included the <a href="/facts/Akron_Canton_and_Youngstown_Railroad/DuYvFtrj">Akron, Canton, and Youngstown Railroad</a>, Northern Ohio Railway, and the Akron Barberton Belt Railroad.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:197" href="#fn:197">197</a> Today, the city is served by <a href="/facts/CSX_Corporation/y7opdWm7">CSX Corporation</a>, the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad, and their subsidiary Akron-Barberton-Cluster, which operate out of the W&LE's Akron Yard near Brittain Road on the eastern end of the city.
From 1891 to 1971 passenger service to points throughout the Midwest, as well as Washington and New York City, was provided at <a href="/facts/Akron_Union_Station/9R8tpCtc">Akron Union Station</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:198" href="#fn:198">198</a> The last legacy passenger trains were the <a href="/facts/Erie_Lackawanna/450J21dP">Erie Lackawanna</a>'s <a href="/facts/Lake_Cities_(Erie_Railroad_train)/HMS4H3X6">Lake Cities</a> (ended, 1970) and the B&O's <a href="/facts/Shenandoah_(B%2526O_train)/5s0IERln">Shenandoah</a> (ended, 1971).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:199" href="#fn:199">199</a> There is currently no passenger rail transportation with the elimination of Amtrak's former <a href="/facts/Three_Rivers_(train)/uTVk1zuq">Three Rivers</a> service in 2005. The nearest <a href="/facts/Amtrak/cHtG5Ub3">Amtrak</a> service is in <a href="/facts/Alliance%2c_Ohio/SGMF6Gkf">Alliance, Ohio</a> or Cleveland.

<h3>Bus and public transit</h3>

Public transportation is available through the <a href="/facts/METRO_Regional_Transit_Authority/UeveK4cQ">METRO Regional Transit Authority</a> system, whose fleet of over 200 buses and trolleys operates local routes and commuter buses into downtown Cleveland. <a href="/facts/Stark_Area_Regional_Transit_Authority/T9ovSGcg">Stark Area Regional Transit Authority</a> (SARTA) also has a bus line running between <a href="/facts/Canton%2c_Ohio/TqSd9vCm">Canton</a> and Akron and the <a href="/facts/Portage_Area_Regional_Transportation_Authority/IGS2M9m2">Portage Area Regional Transportation Authority</a> (PARTA) runs an express route connecting the <a href="/facts/University_of_Akron/y5vV3Cdf">University of Akron</a> with <a href="/facts/Kent_State_University/TXmJhTje">Kent State University</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:200" href="#fn:200">200</a>
Metro RTA operates out of the Robert K. Pfaff Transit Center on South Broadway Street. This facility, which opened in 2009, also houses inter-city bus transportation available through <a href="/facts/Greyhound_Lines/J9cK6T5E">Greyhound Lines</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:201" href="#fn:201">201</a>

<h3>Freeways</h3>
Akron is served by two major interstate highways that bisect the city. Unlike other cities, the bisection does not occur in the Central Business District, nor do the interstates serve downtown; rather, the <a href="/facts/Ohio_State_Route_59/FKVQMFop">Akron Innerbelt</a> and to a lesser extent <a href="/facts/Ohio_State_Route_8/ovAhws7p">Ohio State Route 8</a> serve these functions.

<ul><li><a href="/facts/Interstate_77/zS8nyoAt">Interstate 77</a> connects <a href="/facts/Marietta%2c_Ohio/uGr1ml4g">Marietta</a> and <a href="/facts/Cleveland/rQb7qveu">Cleveland</a>, Ohio. In Akron, it has 15 interchanges, four of which permit freeway-to-freeway movements. It runs north–south in the southern part of the city to its intersection with <a href="/facts/Interstate_76_(east)/3rckj13l">I-76</a>, where it takes a westerly turn as a concurrency with Interstate 76.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Interstate_76_(east)/3rckj13l">Interstate 76</a> connects <a href="/facts/Interstate_71_(Ohio)/B4g04DhL">Interstate 71</a> to <a href="/facts/Youngstown%2c_Ohio/ARwnvGdu">Youngstown, Ohio</a>, and farther. It runs east–west and has 18 interchanges in Akron, four of which are freeway-to-freeway. The East Leg was rebuilt in the 1990s to feature six lanes and longer merge lanes. The concurrency with Interstate 77 is eight lanes. The Kenmore Leg is a four-lane leg that is slightly less than two miles (3 km) long and connects to Interstate 277.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Interstate_277_(Ohio)/WKTXjzNm">Interstate 277</a> is an east–west spur that it forms with <a href="/facts/U.S._Highway_224/x4k0htMv">US 224</a> after I-76 splits to the north to form the Kenmore Leg. It is six lanes and cosigned with U.S. 224.</li>
<li>The <a href="/facts/Ohio_State_Route_59/FKVQMFop">Akron Innerbelt</a> is a six-lane, 1.78-mile (2.86 km) spur from the I-76/I-77 concurrency and serves the urban core of the city. Its ramps are directional from the interstates, so it only serves west side drivers. ODOT is considering changing this design to attract more traffic to the route. The freeway comes to an abrupt end near the northern boundary of downtown where it becomes Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard. The freeway itself is officially known as "The Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Freeway". The freeway was originally designed to connect directly to State Route 8, but plans were laid to rest in the mid-1970s because of financial troubles.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Ohio_State_Route_8/ovAhws7p">Ohio State Route 8</a> is an original state highway that is a limited access route that connects Akron's northern suburbs with Interstates 76 and 77. State Route 8's southern terminus is at the central interchange, where it meets I-76 and I-77. The second freeway in Akron to be completed, it went through a major overhaul in 2003 with new ramps and access roads. In 2007 ODOT began a project to upgrade the road to interstate highway standards north of Akron from <a href="/facts/Ohio_State_Route_303/VY6nbVbo">State Route 303</a> to I-271, providing a high speed alternative to Cleveland.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:202" href="#fn:202">202</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="notable-people">Notable people</h2>
Main article: <a href="/facts/List_of_people_from_Akron%2c_Ohio/qx68frPS">List of people from Akron, Ohio</a>

Akron has produced and been home to a number of notable individuals in varying fields. Its natives and residents are called "Akronites". The first postmaster of the Connecticut Western Reserve and president of its bank, General <a href="/facts/Simon_Perkins/mr1wnd7y">Simon Perkins</a> (1771–1844), co-founded Akron in 1825. His son, <a href="/facts/Colonel_Simon_Perkins/vrqjyJTV">Colonel Simon Perkins</a> (1805–1877), while living in Akron during the same time as abolitionist <a href="/facts/John_Brown_(abolitionist)/PUgsXLmn">John Brown</a> (1800–1859), went into business with Brown. <a href="/facts/Wendell_Willkie/fdlGJ3BJ">Wendell Willkie</a>, the Republican nominee for president in 1940, worked in Akron as a lawyer for Firestone. Pioneering televangelist <a href="/facts/Rex_Humbard/dJlLjb1a">Rex Humbard</a> rose to prominence in Akron. Beacon Journal publisher <a href="/facts/John_S._Knight/7WGhUV9L">John S. Knight</a> ran the national Knight Newspapers chain from Akron. Broadcaster <a href="/facts/Hugh_Downs/FHu66NcI">Hugh Downs</a> was born in Akron. In the mid- to late 1940s, pioneering rock 'n' roll DJ <a href="/facts/Alan_Freed/cQp43mHL">Alan Freed</a> was musical director at Akron's WAKR. Watergate figure <a href="/facts/John_Dean/xUvP4yWR">John Dean</a> was born in Akron.

Noted athletes to have come from Akron include multi-time <a href="/facts/National_Basketball_Association/Vd3EUFfa">National Basketball Association</a> Champions and MVPs <a href="/facts/LeBron_James/Xv3hTFum">LeBron James</a> and <a href="/facts/Stephen_Curry/qobLpauW">Stephen Curry</a>, <a href="/facts/Basketball_Hall_of_Fame/HbvfMG8r">Basketball Hall of Famers</a> <a href="/facts/Gus_Johnson_(basketball)/hdL9AB5z">Gus "Honeycomb" Johnson</a> and <a href="/facts/Nate_Thurmond/NP1DKlax">Nate "The Great" Thurmond</a>, <a href="/facts/Major_League_Baseball/4WW9yef3">Major League Baseball</a> player <a href="/facts/Thurman_Munson/yNvPNM8C">Thurman Munson</a>, <a href="/facts/International_Boxing_Hall_of_Fame/bmnV2kNg">International Boxing Hall of Famer</a> <a href="/facts/Gorilla_Jones/7XueLHIr">Gorilla Jones</a>, WBA Heavyweight Boxing Champion <a href="/facts/Michael_Dokes/PpoNjkBE">Michael Dokes</a>, Houston Texans linebacker <a href="/facts/Whitney_Mercilus/WQnK8F0R">Whitney Mercilus</a>, former <a href="/facts/Northwestern_University/4dunJHBf">Northwestern University</a> and <a href="/facts/University_of_Notre_Dame/oplPM5R2">Notre Dame</a> coach <a href="/facts/Ara_Parseghian/3J6MY1WB">Ara Parseghian</a>, and <a href="/facts/Butch_Reynolds/aUdN0IbK">Butch Reynolds</a>, former world record holder in the <a href="/facts/400_metres/wekRY1gk">400 meter</a> dash. Former <a href="/facts/National_Football_League/cBH0hxRV">NFL</a> linebacker <a href="/facts/James_Harrison_(American_football)/4MGY6E7p">James Harrison</a> was born in Akron, as was former Tennessee Titans head coach and current New England Patriots Head Coach, <a href="/facts/Mike_Vrabel/zWtlJXvV">Mike Vrabel</a>. <a href="/facts/Clayton_Murphy/GdMNz8Rl">Clayton Murphy</a>, professional middle-distance runner and 2016 Olympic Games bronze medalist, competed in cross country and track & field for the <a href="/facts/Akron_Zips/NgBUglyM">Akron Zips</a>.

Performing artists to come from Akron include bands such as <a href="/facts/Ruby_and_the_Romantics/2IrtlKwK">Ruby and the Romantics</a>; <a href="/facts/Devo/QdWy4u9x">Devo</a>; <a href="/facts/The_Black_Keys/mrV5wYf7">The Black Keys</a>; <a href="/facts/The_Cramps/qFgJv8pR">The Cramps</a>, whose lead singer, <a href="/facts/Lux_Interior/6FpUahFM">Lux Interior</a>, was a native of the town; rapper <a href="/facts/Ampichino/IXhHxdhs">Ampichino</a>; <a href="/facts/The_Waitresses/tPSEUX4w">The Waitresses</a>; and <a href="/facts/1964_the_Tribute/aWVP7TGQ">1964 the Tribute</a>; singers <a href="/facts/Vaughn_Monroe/jdC8Dc8y">Vaughn Monroe</a>; <a href="/facts/Chrissie_Hynde/MLuXynzu">Chrissie Hynde</a>, lead singer and main composer with British New Wave band <a href="/facts/The_Pretenders/2RPcXGyw">The Pretenders</a>; <a href="/facts/James_Ingram/APsP84Eg">James Ingram</a>; <a href="/facts/Joseph_Arthur/829VqL07">Joseph Arthur</a>; <a href="/facts/Jani_Lane/L7h7HuPt">Jani Lane</a>; <a href="/facts/Rachel_Sweet/IWjo0gVf">Rachel Sweet</a>; and <a href="/facts/Outlaw_country/Nn7l9dMl">outlaw country</a> singer <a href="/facts/David_Allan_Coe/YSbfaMpK">David Allan Coe</a>; Actors <a href="/facts/Frank_Dicopoulos/H14X4Rhz">Frank Dicopoulos</a>, <a href="/facts/David_McLean_(actor)/kV5tIFSu">David McLean</a>, <a href="/facts/Melina_Kanakaredes/kvYewhgg">Melina Kanakaredes</a>, <a href="/facts/Elizabeth_Franz/CstkDqqC">Elizabeth Franz</a>, <a href="/facts/William_Boyett/rqY45sVq">William Boyett</a>, <a href="/facts/Lola_Albright/NxD4hcaX">Lola Albright</a>, <a href="/facts/Ray_Wise/AzuUoB3D">Ray Wise</a> and <a href="/facts/Jesse_White_(actor)/4CeGxzcN">Jesse White</a>. <a href="/facts/Clark_Gable/LXtRcETs">Clark Gable</a> and <a href="/facts/John_Lithgow/8ef2jPV4">John Lithgow</a> also lived in Akron.
Poet <a href="/facts/Rita_Dove/MRYU4HVU">Rita Dove</a> was born and grew up in Akron. She went on to become the first African-American <a href="/facts/United_States_Poet_Laureate/2B9JdDNr">United States Poet Laureate</a>. Many of her poems are about or take place in Akron, foremost among them <a href="/facts/Thomas_and_Beulah/gMPfMW0I">Thomas and Beulah</a>, which earned her the 1987 <a href="/facts/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Poetry/8eVtMSWb">Pulitzer Prize for Poetry</a>.
Owner of over 400 patents, native <a href="/facts/Stanford_R._Ovshinsky/m2cNXDhx">Stanford R. Ovshinsky</a> invented the widely used <a href="/facts/Nickel-metal_hydride_battery/EvCG8loy">nickel-metal hydride battery</a>. <a href="/facts/Richard_Smalley/oCG6kY72">Richard Smalley</a>, winner of a <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry/8Nb8Ajjy">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> for discovering <a href="/facts/Buckminsterfullerene/F0VebtPK">buckminsterfullerene</a> (buckyballs) was born in the city during 1943. Another native, the second U.S. female astronaut in <a href="/facts/Outer_space/R3LRKyFs">space</a>, <a href="/facts/Judith_Resnik/wz5AUc3r">Judith Resnik</a>, died in the 1986 <a href="/facts/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster/HMBh3T7Q">Space Shuttle Challenger disaster</a> and has the <a href="/facts/Resnik_(crater)/nSYGnsJJ">Resnik Moon crater</a> named in her honor.
The <a href="/facts/Silver_screen/u6AoKy4S">Silver Screen</a>, which came to symbolize Hollywood's movie entertainment industry, was invented by Kenmore resident and projectionist Harry Coulter Williams. First used in Akron's Majestic Theater and then Norka Theater, the "Williams Perlite" tear-proof, vinyl plastic indoor motion picture screen was installed in all the major movie houses, including the rapidly expanding theaters built by Warner Bros. of nearby Youngstown OH. Williams' unique silver-painted screens were adapted for CinemaScope, VistaVision, and later 3-D movies. They provided a brighter picture at all angles with top reflectivity at direct viewing and extra diffusion for side seats and balconies.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:203" href="#fn:203">203</a>
<a href="/facts/Carol_Folt/BS6VWJf9">Carol Folt</a>, the 11th chancellor and 29th chief executive, of <a href="/facts/The_University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill/Wrd3mBWz">the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</a> was born in Akron in 1951. She was previously provost (chief academic officer) and interim president of <a href="/facts/Dartmouth_College/JLk2nNaN">Dartmouth College</a>. She assumed her duties on July 1, 2013, and is the first woman to lead UNC.
The philosopher and logician <a href="/facts/Willard_van_Orman_Quine/2RrhATxa">Willard van Orman Quine</a> was born and grew up in Akron.

<h2 id="in-popular-culture">In popular culture</h2>

<a href="/facts/Thomas_and_Beulah/gMPfMW0I">Thomas and Beulah</a>, a 1986 book of poetry written by native and former <a href="/facts/Poet_Laureate_Consultant_in_Poetry_to_the_Library_of_Congress/2B9JdDNr">Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress</a>, <a href="/facts/Rita_Dove/MRYU4HVU">Rita Dove</a>, tells the story of her grandmother and grandfather, who separately moved from <a href="/facts/Southern_United_States/ppnGuAtB">the South</a> to the city, where they lived through the <a href="/facts/Great_Depression/5K13wcg0">Great Depression</a> and the rest of their lives.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:204" href="#fn:204">204</a> The city is also the setting for the 2005 novel The Coast of Akron, by former editor of <a href="/facts/Esquire_(magazine)/cbtwRf8q">Esquire</a>, <a href="/facts/Adrienne_Miller/FCdwbQqa">Adrienne Miller</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:205" href="#fn:205">205</a> To reflect Akron's decline during the 1980s, Akron native <a href="/facts/Chrissie_Hynde/MLuXynzu">Chrissie Hynde</a> wrote the 1982 <a href="/facts/Pretenders_(band)/2RPcXGyw">Pretenders</a> song "<a href="/facts/My_City_Was_Gone/eBLlqM1Q">My City Was Gone</a>".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:206" href="#fn:206">206</a> <a href="/facts/The_Black_Keys/mrV5wYf7">The Black Keys</a>' 2004 album title <a href="/facts/Rubber_Factory/RxSyo65F">Rubber Factory</a> refers to the former <a href="/facts/General_Tire/BWDCIoWu">General Tire & Rubber Company</a> factory in which it was recorded.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:207" href="#fn:207">207</a> Akron serves as a setting in the 2002 first-person-shooter PC platform video game <a href="/facts/No_One_Lives_Forever_2%3a_A_Spy_In_H.A.R.M.%2527s_Way/FLUyHG4s">No One Lives Forever 2: A Spy In H.A.R.M.'s Way</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:208" href="#fn:208">208</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:209" href="#fn:209">209</a>

<h2 id="sister-cities">Sister cities</h2>
Akron, as of 2015, has two <a href="/facts/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities/NVzDyA7v">sister cities</a>:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:210" href="#fn:210">210</a>

<table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li> <a href="/facts/Chemnitz/C1z9UDBq">Chemnitz</a>, <a href="/facts/Saxony/PrKscwCP">Saxony</a>, Germany (since April 20, 1997)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:211" href="#fn:211">211</a></li><li> <a href="/facts/Kiryat_Ekron/ISh26qF0">Kiryat Ekron</a>, Israel<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:212" href="#fn:212">212</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table>

<h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2>
<ul><li>Joyce Dyer, Gum-Dipped: A Daughter Remembers Rubber Town. Akron: <a href="/facts/University_of_Akron_Press/bqt84mv5">University of Akron Press</a>, 2003.</li>
<li>Kathleen Endres, Akron's Better Half: Women's Clubs and the Humanization of a City, 1825–1925, Akron: University of Akron Press, 2006.</li>
<li>Kathleen L. Endres, Rosie the Rubber Worker: Women Workers in Akron's Rubber Factories during World War II. Kent: Kent State University Press, 2000</li>
<li>Jack Gieck, A Photo Album of Ohio's Canal Era, 1825–1913, Revised Edition. Kent: Kent State University Press, 1992</li>
<li>Jack Gieck, Early Akron's Industrial Valley: A History of the Cascade Locks. Kent: Kent State University Press, 2008</li>
<li>Alfred Winslow Jones, Life, Liberty, & Property: A Story of Conflict and a Measurement of Conflicting Rights. Akron: University of Akron Press, 1999.</li>
<li>S. A. Lane, Fifty Years and Over of Akron and Summit County. Akron, 1892.</li>
<li>S. Love and David Giffels, Wheels of Fortune: The Story of Rubber in Akron, Ohio. Akron: University of Akron Press, 1998.</li>
<li>S. Love, Ian Adams, and Barney Taxel, Stan Hywet Hall & Gardens. Akron: University of Akron Press, 2000.</li>
<li>F. McGovern, Written on the Hills: The Making of the Akron Landscape. Akron: University of Akron Press, 1996.</li>
<li>F. McGovern, Fun, Cheap, and Easy: My Life in Ohio Politics, 1949–1964. Akron: University of Akron Press, 2002.</li>
<li>Russ Musarra and Chuck Ayers, Walks around Akron. Akron: University of Akron Press, 2007.</li>
<li>Oscar E. Olin, et al., A Centennial History of Akron, 1825–1925. Summit County Historical Society, 1925.</li>
<li>John S. Reese, Guide Book for the Tourist and Traveler over the Valley Railway, Revised Edition. Kent: Kent State University Press, 2002</li>
<li>Akron Chamber of Commerce Year Book, (1913–14)</li></ul>
<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>

<ul><li><a href="https://www.akronohio.gov/">City of Akron official website</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060526150352/http://www.akronhistory.org/">History of Akron and Summit County</a></li>
<li>Geary, Linda L. (June 1989). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2gq4xo__iPMC&q=Akron+school+plan+1848&pg=PA68">Balanced in the wind: a biography of ...</a> Bucknell University Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-8387-5154-1. Retrieved January 21, 2010.</li>
<li><a href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20120210202804/http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2011/tables/11s0020.xls">"Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2009 (CBSA-EST2009-01)"</a>. 2009 Population Estimates. <a href="/facts/United_States_Census_Bureau/heKtzoXX">United States Census Bureau</a>, Population Division. March 23, 2010. Archived from <a href="https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2011/tables/11s0020.xls">the original</a> (<a href="/facts/Comma-separated_values/dv1pSR1r">CSV</a>) on February 10, 2012. Retrieved March 24, 2010.</li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061015002150/http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metropop/2005/cbsa-01-fmt.csv">"US Census 2000 est"</a>. Archived from <a href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metropop/2005/cbsa-01-fmt.csv">the original</a> on October 15, 2006.</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">"American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved January 6, 2013. <a href="https://archive.today/20200212234628/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml" target="_blank">https://archive.today/20200212234628/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">First Universalist Church (1904). "Views of Akron, Ohio and Environs" (PDF). p. 4. <a href="https://www.akronlibrary.org/images/SpecCol/views_of_akron.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.akronlibrary.org/images/SpecCol/views_of_akron.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">"Butler: Clay Products". Akronhistory.org. Archived from the original on June 23, 2012. Retrieved September 9, 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120623213411/http://www.akronhistory.org/butler_clay_products.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120623213411/http://www.akronhistory.org/butler_clay_products.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">Howe, Henry (1896). "Historical collections of Ohio: An encyclopedia of the state: History both general and local, geography with descriptions of its counties, cities and villages, its agricultural, manufacturing, mining and business development, sketches of eminent and interesting characters, etc., with notes of a tour over it in 1886". state of Ohio, Laning printing Company. p. 631. Paul Williams founder akron ohio. <a href="https://archive.org/details/historicalcolle02howegoog" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/historicalcolle02howegoog</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">"Akron's Black History Timeline: 1920–1929: The Third Decade". City of Akron. Archived from the original on October 2, 2018. <a href="https://www.akronohio.gov/cms/site/0b144cf2a61a53e3/index.html" target="_blank">https://www.akronohio.gov/cms/site/0b144cf2a61a53e3/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">"Akron Ohio Historical Timeline 1950–1999". City of Akron. Archived from the original on June 22, 2018. <a href="https://www.akronohio.gov/cms/1950-1999/index.html" target="_blank">https://www.akronohio.gov/cms/1950-1999/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Smith, Oscar (October 23, 1952). "He Digs Up History Of City's Street Names". The Akron Beacon Journal. p. 33. Retrieved March 2, 2024. <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-akron-beacon-journal/30692687/" target="_blank">https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-akron-beacon-journal/30692687/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">First Universalist Church (1904). "Views of Akron, Ohio and Environs" (PDF). p. 4. <a href="https://www.akronlibrary.org/images/SpecCol/views_of_akron.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.akronlibrary.org/images/SpecCol/views_of_akron.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">A Portrait and Biographical Record of Portage and Summit Counties, Ohio. A. W. Bowen & Company. 1898. p. 307. <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">ἄκρον. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project. <a href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=a)/kron" target="_blank">https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=a)/kron</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">"Akron's Historic Timeline: 1800–1849". City of Akron. Archived from the original on June 7, 2015. Retrieved June 9, 2015. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150607103741/http://www.akronohio.gov/cms/site/2cdaf98b9523ff5c/index.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20150607103741/http://www.akronohio.gov/cms/site/2cdaf98b9523ff5c/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">"Butler: Clay Products". Akronhistory.org. Archived from the original on June 23, 2012. Retrieved September 9, 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120623213411/http://www.akronhistory.org/butler_clay_products.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120623213411/http://www.akronhistory.org/butler_clay_products.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">Howe, Henry (1896). "Historical collections of Ohio: An encyclopedia of the state: History both general and local, geography with descriptions of its counties, cities and villages, its agricultural, manufacturing, mining and business development, sketches of eminent and interesting characters, etc., with notes of a tour over it in 1886". state of Ohio, Laning printing Company. p. 631. Paul Williams founder akron ohio. <a href="https://archive.org/details/historicalcolle02howegoog" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/historicalcolle02howegoog</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">"Akron School Law". Ohio History Central. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved February 6, 2019. <a href="http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=1508" target="_blank">http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=1508</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Robert T. Englert (February 2004). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: First Presbyterian Church". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Archived from the original on August 7, 2012. Retrieved June 14, 2009. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120807045440/http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=100832" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120807045440/http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=100832</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">Kilde, Jeanne Halgren (2005). When Church Became Theatre: The Transformation of Evangelical Architecture and Worship in Nineteenth-Century America. Oxford University Press. p. 185. ISBN 978-0-19-517972-9. <a href="978-0-19-517972-9" target="_blank">978-0-19-517972-9</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Jenks, Christopher Stephen (December 1995). "American Religious Buildings: The Akron Plan Sunday School". Partners for Sacred Places. New York Landmarks Conservancy. Archived from the original on March 18, 2003. Retrieved June 9, 2015. Thousands of Akron Plan Sunday Schools were built throughout New York State and the country between 1870 and the First World War. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030318161630/http://www.sacredplaces.org/PSP-InfoClearingHouse/articles/American%20Religious%20Buildings.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20030318161630/http://www.sacredplaces.org/PSP-InfoClearingHouse/articles/American%20Religious%20Buildings.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">http://omp.ohiolink.edu/OMP/NewDetails?oid=955184&scrapid=566&format=yourscrap&sort=title&searchstatus=0&count=1&hits=1[permanent dead link] <a href="http://omp.ohiolink.edu/OMP/NewDetails?oid=955184&scrapid=566&format=yourscrap&sort=title&searchstatus=0&count=1&hits=1" target="_blank">http://omp.ohiolink.edu/OMP/NewDetails?oid=955184&scrapid=566&format=yourscrap&sort=title&searchstatus=0&count=1&hits=1</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">Barry Popik, Smoky City Archived May 26, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, barrypopik.com website, March 27, 2005 <a href="http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/summary12/" target="_blank">http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/summary12/</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">"Police Technology". Inventors.about.com. April 3, 2008. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved August 15, 2009. <a href="https://archive.today/20130116034254/http://inventors.about.com/od/fstartinventions/a/forensic_3.htm" target="_blank">https://archive.today/20130116034254/http://inventors.about.com/od/fstartinventions/a/forensic_3.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">"Akron Ohio History: 1900 Riot". Ci.akron.oh.us. Archived from the original on February 15, 2012. Retrieved September 9, 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120215182049/http://www.ci.akron.oh.us/history/Riot_1900.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120215182049/http://www.ci.akron.oh.us/history/Riot_1900.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">"Goodyear Corporate || Historic Overview". Goodyear.com. Archived from the original on April 9, 2009. Retrieved April 3, 2009. <a href="http://www.goodyear.com/corporate/history/history_overview.html" target="_blank">http://www.goodyear.com/corporate/history/history_overview.html</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">"General Tire * Our Company". Generaltire.com. March 23, 2009. Archived from the original on March 1, 2009. Retrieved April 3, 2009. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090301152422/http://www.generaltire.com/generaltire/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090301152422/http://www.generaltire.com/generaltire/</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">"CONTENTdm Collection". Summitmemory.org. Archived from the original on January 20, 2013. Retrieved September 9, 2012. <a href="http://www.summitmemory.org/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=any&CISOBOX1=William&CISOFIELD1=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOOP2=all&CISOBOX2=postcards&CISOFIELD2=subjec&CISOROOT=all&t=s" target="_blank">http://www.summitmemory.org/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=any&CISOBOX1=William&CISOFIELD1=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOOP2=all&CISOBOX2=postcards&CISOFIELD2=subjec&CISOROOT=all&t=s</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:25">"Exhibit reveals history from deaf perspective". Deaftoday.com. March 24, 2003. Archived from the original on January 8, 2009. <a href="http://www.deaftoday.com/news/archives/2003/03/exhibit_reveals.html" target="_blank">http://www.deaftoday.com/news/archives/2003/03/exhibit_reveals.html</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:26">[1][dead link] <a href="http://www.ohio.com/lifestyle/history/40932322.html" target="_blank">http://www.ohio.com/lifestyle/history/40932322.html</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:27">"Akron's Black History Timeline: 1920–1929: The Third Decade". City of Akron. Archived from the original on October 2, 2018. <a href="https://www.akronohio.gov/cms/site/0b144cf2a61a53e3/index.html" target="_blank">https://www.akronohio.gov/cms/site/0b144cf2a61a53e3/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:28">Giffin, William (2005). African Americans and the Color Line in Ohio, 1915–1930. Thompson Shore, Inc. p. 210. ISBN 9780814210031 – via Google Books. <a href="9780814210031" target="_blank">9780814210031</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:29">"Firestone Park" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 20, 2012. Retrieved September 9, 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120220033031/http://ci.akron.oh.us/planning/cp/neighborhoods/FirestonePark.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120220033031/http://ci.akron.oh.us/planning/cp/neighborhoods/FirestonePark.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:30">"Clark Gable – Ohio History Central – A product of the Ohio Historical Society". Ohio History Central. Archived from the original on October 3, 2007. Retrieved April 3, 2009. <a href="http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=173" target="_blank">http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=173</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:31">"Goodyear Blimps". Ohio History Central. July 1, 2005. Archived from the original on October 3, 2007. Retrieved April 3, 2009. <a href="http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=1638&nm=Goodyear-Blimps" target="_blank">http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=1638&nm=Goodyear-Blimps</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:32">Cragg, Dan (2001). Guide to military installations (6th ed.). Stackpole Books. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-8117-2781-5. Archived from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved April 8, 2009. <a href="978-0-8117-2781-5" target="_blank">978-0-8117-2781-5</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:33">Akron-Summit County Public Library. "Goodyear-Zeppelin Corporation, Facts About the World's Largest Airship Factory & Dock". Summit Memory. Archived from the original on April 18, 2009. Retrieved November 15, 2008. <a href="/wiki/Akron-Summit_County_Public_Library" target="_blank">/wiki/Akron-Summit_County_Public_Library</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:34">"Charles Arthur 'Pretty Boy' Floyd". Ngeorgia.com. Archived from the original on May 13, 2012. Retrieved September 9, 2012. <a href="http://ngeorgia.com/ang/Charles_Arthur_%27Pretty_Boy%27_Floyd" target="_blank">http://ngeorgia.com/ang/Charles_Arthur_%27Pretty_Boy%27_Floyd</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:35">"Claims to Fame – Products". Epodunk. Archived from the original on April 8, 2007. Retrieved April 16, 2007. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070408081637/http://www.epodunk.com/slogans/products.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070408081637/http://www.epodunk.com/slogans/products.html</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:36">"Akron Rubber Strike of 1936 – Ohio History Central – A product of the Ohio Historical Society". Ohio History Central. July 1, 2005. Archived from the original on July 30, 2012. Retrieved September 9, 2012. <a href="http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=461" target="_blank">http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=461</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:37">"Akron, Ohio" (PDF). www.brookings.edu. Retrieved April 3, 2009.[dead link] <a href="http://www.brookings.edu/events/2008/~/media/Files/events/2008/0910_restoring_prosperity/akron_case_study.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.brookings.edu/events/2008/~/media/Files/events/2008/0910_restoring_prosperity/akron_case_study.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:38">"A New Brand Of Tech Cities – Newsweek and The Daily Beast". Newsweek.com. April 29, 2001. Archived from the original on November 26, 2010. Retrieved September 9, 2012. <a href="http://www.newsweek.com/2001/04/29/a-new-brand-of-tech-cities.html" target="_blank">http://www.newsweek.com/2001/04/29/a-new-brand-of-tech-cities.html</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:39">"A New Brand Of Tech Cities – Newsweek and The Daily Beast". Newsweek.com. April 29, 2001. Archived from the original on November 26, 2010. Retrieved September 9, 2012. <a href="http://www.newsweek.com/2001/04/29/a-new-brand-of-tech-cities.html" target="_blank">http://www.newsweek.com/2001/04/29/a-new-brand-of-tech-cities.html</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:40">Mackinnon, Jim (May 8, 2013). "Goodyear's new headquarters reflects a new company". Akron Beacon Journal Ohio.com. Archived from the original on November 15, 2017. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171115083012/https://www.ohio.com/akron/business/goodyear-s-new-headquarters-reflects-a-new-company" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20171115083012/https://www.ohio.com/akron/business/goodyear-s-new-headquarters-reflects-a-new-company</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:41">Mackinnon, Jim (November 25, 2009). "Tech center plans progressing". Ohio.com. Archived from the original on August 9, 2011. Retrieved December 5, 2009. <a href="http://www.ohio.com/news/top-stories/tech-center-plans-progressing-1.130576" target="_blank">http://www.ohio.com/news/top-stories/tech-center-plans-progressing-1.130576</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:42">"Bridgestone Americas, Inc". Bridgestone-firestone.com. November 13, 2009. Archived from the original on December 14, 2009. Retrieved December 5, 2009. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091214191736/http://www.bridgestone-firestone.com/news/news_index.asp?id=2009%2F091113a" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20091214191736/http://www.bridgestone-firestone.com/news/news_index.asp?id=2009%2F091113a</a> <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:43">Downing, Bob (December 10, 2012). "EPA begins new review of Superfund cleanup at Akron's Summit Equipment". Ohio.com. Beacon Journal. Archived from the original on January 2, 2016. <a href="http://www.ohio.com/news/local/epa-begins-new-review-of-superfund-cleanup-at-akron-s-summit-equipment-1.356906" target="_blank">http://www.ohio.com/news/local/epa-begins-new-review-of-superfund-cleanup-at-akron-s-summit-equipment-1.356906</a> <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:44">Harper, John (December 28, 2015). "When PCBs, heavy metal spewed from smokestacks in southwest Akron: Toxic Remains". Cleveland.com. Archived from the original on December 31, 2015. Retrieved December 31, 2015. <a href="http://www.cleveland.com/akron/index.ssf/2015/12/when_pcbs_and_heavy_metal_spew.html" target="_blank">http://www.cleveland.com/akron/index.ssf/2015/12/when_pcbs_and_heavy_metal_spew.html</a> <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:45">"SUMMIT EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES INCORPORATION". epa.gov. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Archived from the original on January 2, 2016. <a href="http://www3.epa.gov/region5/superfund/npl/sas_sites/OHD055523401.html" target="_blank">http://www3.epa.gov/region5/superfund/npl/sas_sites/OHD055523401.html</a> <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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</ol>

Akron, Ohio open-in-new

Akron, Ohio