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Horizon Europe
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<h2 id="objectives">Objectives</h2> <p>Horizon Europe adopts five missions: </p> <ol><li>Adaptation to Climate Change: support at least 150 European regions and communities to become climate resilient by 2030</li> <li>Cancer: working with Europe's Beating Cancer Plan to improve the lives of more than 3 million people by 2030 through disease prevention, cure and solutions to live longer and better</li> <li>Restore our Ocean and Waters by 2030</li> <li>100 Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities by 2030</li> <li>A Soil Deal for Europe: 100 living labs and lighthouses to lead the transition towards healthy soils by 2030<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a></li></ol> <h2 id="budget">Budget</h2> <p>In May 2018, the proposal for Horizon Europe (as the future successor for the <a href="/facts/Horizon_2020/Udy5lUQ7">Horizon 2020</a> programme, 2014–2020) called for €100 billion in research and innovation spending for years 2021–2027. Of that sum, €2.4 billion was earmarked for the <a href="/facts/European_Atomic_Energy_Community/tYFVyafy">Euratom</a> nuclear research programme and €3.6 billion was put away for an umbrella investment fund, called InvestEU. After accounting for 2% annual inflation, in 2018 the funding for Horizon Europe amounted to €86.6 billion.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> </p><p>The budget of €95.5 billion for Horizon Europe, which was launched in 2021, is up from the €77 billion budget for its predecessor, Horizon 2020.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> Compared to the previous framework programme Horizon 2020, some changes in terms of cost reporting have been implemented with the objective to simplify the grant management process.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> To pay for the €100 billion science spending, the Commission's plan called for cuts to <a href="/facts/Common_Agricultural_Policy/2lUAAUGg">agriculture</a> and <a href="/facts/Regional_policy_of_the_European_Union/Td6J2xqM">cohesion</a> funding by 5 per cent. Additionally, the plan seeks to tie funding to adherence to the <a href="/facts/Rule_of_law/BS8rbmel">rule of law</a> in member states, including judicial independence.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p><p>Independent observers had predicted the final approved funding to be much lower after completion of the lengthy negotiations with the <a href="/facts/European_Parliament/H9WLUd1r">European Parliament</a> and <a href="/facts/Member_state_of_the_European_Union/hsFC1pJH">EU member states</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> Former <a href="/facts/European_Commissioner/AKI0GGyI">EU commissioner</a> for Research, Science and Innovation <a href="/facts/Carlos_Moedas/3Fl82ksD">Carlos Moedas</a>, along with many advocacy groups, had pushed for a more expansive <a href="/facts/Budget_of_the_European_Union/UCH2G5Q9">EU science budget</a>. In order to build political support for the budget increase, he used <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">American</a> originated ideas of "<a href="/facts/Apollo_program/IC1Ek1Ao">moonshots</a>" to focus research efforts and boost the public interest.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> Wealthier EU members have expressed opposition to the increase in funding, with former <a href="/facts/Netherlands/y8xn5stT">Dutch</a> prime minister <a href="/facts/Mark_Rutte/t8HUcp6n">Mark Rutte</a> saying in May 2018 the draft budget was "unacceptable".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="eu-members-of-horizon-europe">EU members of Horizon Europe</h2> <ul><li> <a href="/facts/Austria/4qWIMIyc">Austria</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Belgium/YKuMXP5j">Belgium</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Bulgaria/Er5pY3YS">Bulgaria</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Croatia/MSS0yyvw">Croatia</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Cyprus/t9wL6lVK">Cyprus</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Czech_Republic/vJYLD66Q">Czech Republic</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Denmark/KVtykzsw">Denmark</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Estonia/PVjB16TI">Estonia</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Finland/G5Ak6T91">Finland</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX">Germany</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Greece/lqHw8bTB">Greece</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Hungary/YRedQLtI">Hungary</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Republic_of_Ireland/k8JzXVze">Ireland</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF">Italy</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Latvia/y2PSa8lx">Latvia</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Lithuania/dApVjLWW">Lithuania</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Luxembourg/vRN04l7f">Luxembourg</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Malta/FsqM3M37">Malta</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Netherlands/y8xn5stT">Netherlands</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Poland/eXJ7fd0D">Poland</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Portugal/lYzwDQ63">Portugal</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Romania/yolzk5cN">Romania</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Slovakia/gmJwpwM3">Slovakia</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Slovenia/EcYU22W4">Slovenia</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Spain/bIyrB8EY">Spain</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Sweden/u3qC7lyj">Sweden</a></li></ul> <h2 id="cooperation-beyond-the-eu-and-associated-members">Cooperation beyond the EU and associated members</h2> <p>Horizon Europe supports European partnerships in which the EU, national authorities and / or the private sector jointly commit to support the development and implementation of a programme of research and innovation activities. To be deemed a Horizon Europe Associated Member is to engage in "the closest form of cooperation in research and innovation for non-EU countries, by providing, as far as possible, the same rights and obligations to these countries' research and innovation entities as those accorded to entities of EU Member States."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> Associated Countries are "non-EU countries that pay into the Horizon Europe budget to be treated equally to the EU Member States for the purposes of the programme."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p><p>Horizon Europe expanded its partnerships beyond the 27 member states of the EU, this includes: </p> Associated non-EU countries<table><tbody><tr><th>State</th><th>Joined</th><th>Note</th><th>Ref</th></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Albania/8GP40BUD">Albania</a></td><td>1 July 2022</td><td></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Armenia/t3GQx9sU">Armenia</a></td><td>1 January 2021</td><td>Agreement signed on 12 November 2021, retroactive to 1 January 2021.</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina/jNVA1gPB">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></td><td>1 January 2021</td><td>Agreement signed on 6 December 2021, retroactive to 1 January 2021.</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc">Canada</a></td><td>1 January 2024</td><td>Associated to Pillar II only. Association agreement was signed on 3 July 2024, retroactive to 1 January 2024.</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Faroe_Islands/HMJ3bfmN">Faroe Islands</a></td><td>1 June 2022</td><td></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Georgia_(country)/ccBF8bBE">Georgia</a></td><td>December 2021</td><td></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Iceland/E4KGYs2j">Iceland</a></td><td>6 October 2021</td><td></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY">Israel</a></td><td>December 2021</td><td></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Kosovo/lbyzI6UW">Kosovo</a></td><td>December 2021</td><td></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Moldova/qGBNGewt">Moldova</a></td><td>22 November 2021</td><td></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Montenegro/QynKJrw5">Montenegro</a></td><td>December 2021</td><td></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/New_Zealand/4mpSlJdg">New Zealand</a></td><td>1 January 2023</td><td>Associated to Pillar II only. Association agreement was signed on 9 July 2023, retroactive to 1 January 2023.</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/North_Macedonia/YpfcC5DA">North Macedonia</a></td><td>December 2021</td><td></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Norway/wlDRKRTR">Norway</a></td><td>6 October 2021</td><td></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Serbia/U0LVzPdI">Serbia</a></td><td>1 January 2021</td><td>Agreement signed on 6 December 2021, retroactive to 1 January 2021.</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Tunisia/4uC8Po6k">Tunisia</a></td><td>1 January 2021</td><td>Agreement signed on 29 March 2022, retroactive to 1 January 2021.</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Turkey/KIYAWAs0">Turkey</a></td><td>1 January 2021</td><td></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a> <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Ukraine/Qof0uqAj">Ukraine</a></td><td>1 January 2021</td><td>The Agreement entered into force in June 2022, "associated third country" status was applied retroactively from 1 January 2021.</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a> <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2">United Kingdom</a></td><td>1 January 2024</td><td>Associated to the entire programme, with the only exception of the EIC fund.</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a> <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/South_Korea/pCobAaVw">South Korea</a></td><td>1 January 2025</td><td>The first Asian country to participate as an associated country in Horizon Europe.</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Switzerland/LcGuxeTe">Switzerland</a></td><td>1 January 2025</td><td>Rejoined framework programmes after reaching agreement in December 2024.</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>In August 2022, the <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2">United Kingdom</a> launched formal dispute resolution proceedings over its access to the programme.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a> In September 2023, the United Kingdom and European Union reached an agreement on the UK rejoining Horizon starting from 1 January 2024.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a></li> <li>Participants from non-associated non-EU countries, can participate in Horizon Europe actions, but not always with funding.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a></li></ul> <p>In addition, the following countries are interested in exploring the concept of association to Horizon Europe: </p> <table><tbody><tr><th>State</th><th>Note</th><th>Ref</th></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td>Sides preparing for potential launch of formal negotiations.</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Morocco/6ly8170M">Morocco</a></td><td>Negotiations paused.</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Singapore/CQDkhUvD">Singapore</a></td><td>Expressed its interest to launch exploratory discussions.</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Science_and_technology_in_Europe/zt6bbevw">Science and technology in Europe</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/funding/funding-opportunities/funding-programmes-and-open-calls/horizon-europe_en">Horizon Europe</a> official website</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"EU Missions in Horizon Europe". research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu. 29 November 2023. This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the CC BY 4.0 license. <a href="https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/funding/funding-opportunities/funding-programmes-and-open-calls/horizon-europe/eu-missions-horizon-europe_en" target="_blank">https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/funding/funding-opportunities/funding-programmes-and-open-calls/horizon-europe/eu-missions-horizon-europe_en</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Kelly, Eanna (8 May 2018). "€100B? €86.6B? A Brussels puzzle: How big is the new research budget?". Science Business. Retrieved 11 May 2018. <a href="https://sciencebusiness.net/framework-programmes/news/eu100b-eu866b-brussels-puzzle-how-big-new-research-budget" target="_blank">https://sciencebusiness.net/framework-programmes/news/eu100b-eu866b-brussels-puzzle-how-big-new-research-budget</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>The European Commission. "Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions" (PDF). <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/communication-modern-budget-may2018_en.pdf" target="_blank">https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/communication-modern-budget-may2018_en.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"What is Horizon Europe?". ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 6 September 2023. <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/funding/funding-opportunities/funding-programmes-and-open-calls/horizon-europe_en" target="_blank">https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/funding/funding-opportunities/funding-programmes-and-open-calls/horizon-europe_en</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"What is the budget of Horizon Europe?". EU Funds. 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2023. <a href="https://eufunds.me/what-is-the-budget-of-horizon-europe/" target="_blank">https://eufunds.me/what-is-the-budget-of-horizon-europe/</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>European Commission. Directorate General for Research and Innovation. (4 May 2021). Horizon Europe, budget (PDF). Publications Office. doi:10.2777/202859. ISBN 978-92-76-31601-5. Retrieved 6 September 2023. <a href="978-92-76-31601-5" target="_blank">978-92-76-31601-5</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"EU Funds Simply Explained". EU Funds. Retrieved 17 May 2021. <a href="https://eufunds.me/" target="_blank">https://eufunds.me/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Blocking an increase in the research budget would put Europe on a 'loser's path' | Science|Business". sciencebusiness.net. Retrieved 11 May 2018. <a href="https://sciencebusiness.net/framework-programmes/news/blocking-increase-research-budget-would-put-europe-losers-path" target="_blank">https://sciencebusiness.net/framework-programmes/news/blocking-increase-research-budget-would-put-europe-losers-path</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Brainard, Jeffrey (May 2018). "EU Budget May Rise by 50%". Science. 360: 583 – via Direct Access. <a href="http://www.sciencemagazinedigital.org/sciencemagazine/11_may_2018/MobilePagedReplica.action?sub_id=uUuK6gohb1mK&u1=41756170&pm=2&folio=582#pg10" target="_blank">http://www.sciencemagazinedigital.org/sciencemagazine/11_may_2018/MobilePagedReplica.action?sub_id=uUuK6gohb1mK&u1=41756170&pm=2&folio=582#pg10</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Kelly, Éanna (24 April 2018). "EU officials pitch 'Horizon Europe' as name for next research programme". Science Business. 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