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1926 in science
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<h2 id="astronomy-and-space-exploration">Astronomy and space exploration</h2> <ul><li>March 16 – <a href="/facts/Robert_H._Goddard/tYmyRRta">Robert Goddard</a> launches the first liquid-fueled <a href="/facts/Rocket/b6j4keIl">rocket</a>, at <a href="/facts/Auburn,_Massachusetts/VWlI1DVA">Auburn, Massachusetts</a>. This is considered by some to be the start of the space age, although his rocket did not reach outer space.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="biology">Biology</h2> <ul><li>American <a href="/facts/Microbiologist/cqEyJwNK">microbiologist</a> <a href="/facts/Selman_Waksman/sq4CBkQ5">Selman Waksman</a> publishes <i>Enzymes</i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/The_Quarterly_Review_of_Biology/lUx6n8U1">The Quarterly Review of Biology</a></i> is established by <a href="/facts/Raymond_Pearl/PCuN2uBU">Raymond Pearl</a> in the United States.</li></ul> <h2 id="chemistry">Chemistry</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Waldo_Semon/Ic02lVRm">Waldo Semon</a> and the <a href="/facts/Goodrich_Corporation/D2EdB4xB">B.F. Goodrich</a> Company develop a method of <a href="/facts/Plasticity_(physics)/2VKo6keA">plasticizing</a> <a href="/facts/Polyvinyl_chloride/9VkegJvr">polyvinyl chloride</a>, giving it commercial potential.</li> <li>Graham Edgar originates the <a href="/facts/Octane_rating/LqkAlYbq">octane rating</a> system for automotive fuel.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Phencyclidine/4LaNo5Cl">Phencyclidine</a> <i>(PCP, angel dust)</i> is first synthesized.</li></ul> <h2 id="earth-sciences">Earth sciences</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Vladimir_Vernadsky/uu84bBgI">Vladimir Vernadsky</a> popularises the concept of the <a href="/facts/Biosphere/P1ltA4sb">biosphere</a> in a book (in Russian) of this title.</li></ul> <h2 id="exploration">Exploration</h2> <ul><li>May 12 – <a href="/facts/Roald_Amundsen/0tt20la0">Roald Amundsen</a>, <a href="/facts/Umberto_Nobile/AYWt770z">Umberto Nobile</a> and crew fly over the <a href="/facts/North_Pole/gjfItQJH">North Pole</a> in the <a href="/facts/Norge_(airship)/MGEUHHDd">airship <i>Norge</i></a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="mathematics">Mathematics</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Otakar_Bor%C5%AFvka/n8tWruMH">Otakar Borůvka</a> publishes <a href="/facts/Bor%C5%AFvka%27s_algorithm/Hs1pkNRB">Borůvka's algorithm</a>, introducing the <a href="/facts/Greedy_algorithm/alfsekco">greedy algorithm</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="medicine">Medicine</h2> <ul><li>First vaccine for <a href="/facts/Pertussis/LyrTdSeh">pertussis</a>.</li> <li>American <a href="/facts/Biogerontologist/VG7QwcKs">biogerontologist</a> <a href="/facts/Raymond_Pearl/PCuN2uBU">Raymond Pearl</a> publishes his book <i>Alcohol and Longevity</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> demonstrating that drinking <a href="/facts/Alcohol_(drug)/IeK2fVd5">alcohol</a> in <a href="/facts/Alcohol_consumption_and_health/bD0fK2Kn">moderation</a> is associated with greater longevity than either abstaining or drinking heavily.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></li> <li>Finnish physician <a href="/facts/Erik_Adolf_von_Willebrand/vpLpNyfG">Erik Adolf von Willebrand</a> first describes <i>Hereditär pseudohemofili</i> ("Hereditary pseudohemophilia"),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> later known as <a href="/facts/Von_Willebrand_disease/uwC2ptj6">Von Willebrand disease</a>.</li> <li>German-Jewish dermatologist <a href="/facts/Walter_Freudenthal/jhRwBFSF">Walter Freudenthal</a> gives the earliest clear <a href="/facts/Histopathological/9Eggjrg4">histopathological</a> description of keratoma senile (<a href="/facts/Actinic_keratosis/TMoVhlkb">actinic keratosis</a>), distinguishing it from verruca senilis (<a href="/facts/Seborrheic_keratosis/EdHHdk8H">seborrheic keratosis</a>), in <a href="/facts/Breslau/o3scwNqQ">Breslau</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a></li> <li>The description '<a href="/facts/Glioblastoma/hJojdA5x">glioblastoma</a> multiforme' is introduced by <a href="/facts/Percival_Bailey/FkqEpXu5">Percival Bailey</a> and <a href="/facts/Harvey_Cushing/CHgABVnf">Harvey Cushing</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="meteorology">Meteorology</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Wasaburo_Oishi/d9FT0AoT">Wasaburo Oishi</a> first describes the <a href="/facts/Jet_stream/cVqkU0V3">jet stream</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="paleontology">Paleontology</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Gerhard_Heilmann/MS6kGBUk">Gerhard Heilmann</a> publishes <i><a href="/facts/The_Origin_of_Birds/074plDTP">The Origin of Birds</a></i> (in English) on <a href="/facts/Origin_of_birds/SAdvMKvp">bird evolution</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="physics">Physics</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Wolfgang_Pauli/Ugk4ubXk">Wolfgang Pauli</a> uses <a href="/facts/Werner_Heisenberg/n4qzYvj4">Werner Heisenberg</a>'s <a href="/facts/Matrix_mechanics/nJxC4pKP">matrix theory</a> of <a href="/facts/Quantum_mechanics/BRc3Mzgr">quantum mechanics</a> to derive the observed spectrum of the <a href="/facts/Hydrogen_atom/ncVpPbuE">hydrogen atom</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="technology">Technology</h2> <ul><li>January 26 – Scottish inventor <a href="/facts/John_Logie_Baird/bkngND9Q">John Logie Baird</a> demonstrates his pioneering greyscale <a href="/facts/Mechanical_television/SpLyIh4T">mechanical television</a> system (which he calls a "televisor") at his London laboratory for members of the <a href="/facts/Royal_Institution/6uT4MCUV">Royal Institution</a> and a reporter from <i><a href="/facts/The_Times/5BwkodnX">The Times</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></li> <li>February – <a href="/facts/Hidetsugu_Yagi/b1L3tCzH">Hidetsugu Yagi</a> and <a href="/facts/Shintaro_Uda/lBfgfeoF">Shintaro Uda</a> publish the first description of the <a href="/facts/Yagi%E2%80%93Uda_antenna/lu6FNjcl">Yagi–Uda antenna</a>.</li> <li>June 28 – A <a href="/facts/Patent/LjT2bG3A">patent</a> for an electric percussion <a href="/facts/Fuse_(explosives)/BLv0GeAN">fuse</a> for explosive projectiles, invented by Herbert Rühlemann, is filed in Germany.</li> <li>July <ul><li><a href="/facts/Alan_Arnold_Griffith/6Hp56TQ4">Alan A. Griffith</a> publishes <i>An Aerodynamic Theory of Turbine Design</i>, proposing an <a href="/facts/Airfoil/2d3l6hKd">airfoil</a> shape for <a href="/facts/Turbine_blade/yY8jFPgl">turbine blades</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Carl_Zeiss/TyYNVRXA">Carl Zeiss</a>, <a href="/facts/Jena/c1NwhRon">Jena</a>, open a <a href="/facts/Planetarium/QJYTXFYj">planetarium</a> housed in a <a href="/facts/Geodesic_dome/XmHEPKmK">geodesic dome</a> designed by <a href="/facts/Walther_Bauersfeld/WsVL4SaP">Walther Bauersfeld</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></li></ul></li> <li>November 23 – The <a href="/facts/Aerosol_spray/8SfNdfYs">aerosol spray</a> can is patented by <a href="/facts/Erik_Rotheim/YeSSW8mJ">Erik Rotheim</a>, a <a href="/facts/Norway/wlDRKRTR">Norwegian</a> chemical engineer.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></li> <li>The <a href="/facts/Einstein_refrigerator/dG0Ntp3u">Einstein refrigerator</a> is invented by <a href="/facts/Albert_Einstein/CNTet8qu">Albert Einstein</a> and <a href="/facts/Leo_Szilard/VslvyPwI">Leo Szilard</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Ulster/K1cCQJBV">Ulster</a>-born engineer <a href="/facts/Harry_Ferguson/aFtFmEV7">Harry Ferguson</a> is granted a British patent for his 'Duplex' hitch linking <a href="/facts/Tractor/gNc7kb4a">tractor</a> and <a href="/facts/Plough/LBIosnV6">plough</a>.</li> <li>German engineer <a href="/facts/Andreas_Stihl/QCFeSWwK">Andreas Stihl</a> patents and develops an electric <a href="/facts/Chainsaw/ndhINGwe">chainsaw</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="awards">Awards</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize/3z1Y3oFL">Nobel Prizes</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics/o6w1nCbr">Physics</a> – <a href="/facts/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin/M81KaotS">Jean Baptiste Perrin</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry/8Nb8Ajjy">Chemistry</a> – <a href="/facts/Theodor_Svedberg/l3WVhGjW">Theodor Svedberg</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine/rlnpJX84">Medicine</a> – <a href="/facts/Johannes_Andreas_Grib_Fibiger/pUkTeD4C">Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/Copley_Medal/bBwd6QzN">Copley Medal</a>: <a href="/facts/Frederick_Hopkins/BgLD44nh">Frederick Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Wollaston_Medal/uVkuXBYJ">Wollaston Medal</a> for Geology: <a href="/facts/Henry_Fairfield_Osborn/jnULPElT">Henry Fairfield Osborn</a></li></ul> <h2 id="births">Births</h2> <ul><li>January 11 – <a href="/facts/Lev_Dyomin/5dycsIGJ">Lev Dyomin</a> (died <a href="/facts/1998_in_science/5r43b43U">1998</a>), Soviet Russian cosmonaut.</li> <li>January 29 – <a href="/facts/Abdus_Salam/M4GNh8dE">Abdus Salam</a> (died <a href="/facts/1996_in_science/zqglTHCW">1996</a>), Punjabi theoretical physicist.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a></li> <li>February – <a href="/facts/David_Medved/jkbMoEkk">David Medved</a> (died <a href="/facts/2009_in_science/m9t2hRa2">2009</a>), American physicist.</li> <li>March 7 – <a href="/facts/Margaret_Weston/jRRrkMA6">Margaret Weston</a> (died <a href="/facts/2021_in_science/jWGfKMyf">2021</a>), English electrical engineer and Director of the <a href="/facts/Science_Museum,_London/1mwwq0oj">Science Museum, London</a>.</li> <li>April 3 – <a href="/facts/Gus_Grissom/NKemkrR5">Gus Grissom</a> (died <a href="/facts/1967_in_science/bxp7AArL">1967</a>), American <a href="/facts/Astronaut/HB1bd6Lz">astronaut</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></li> <li>May 1 – <a href="/facts/Eva_Sirack%C3%A1/BL7h55jv">Eva Siracká</a> (died <a href="/facts/2023_in_science/tvDRV1Tq">2023</a>), Slovak physician</li> <li>May 8 – <a href="/facts/David_Attenborough/8NzIjInu">David Attenborough</a>, <a href="/facts/English_people/IeI9c7BK">English</a> broadcaster and naturalist.</li> <li>May 17 – <a href="/facts/Franz_Sondheimer/eQMs11hj">Franz Sondheimer</a> (died <a href="/facts/1981_in_science/R1f9DvMr">1981</a>), German-born British chemist</li> <li>June 19 – <a href="/facts/Erna_Schneider_Hoover/74d3kqxs">Erna Schneider Hoover</a>, American computer technologist.</li> <li>June 23 – <a href="/facts/Lawson_Soulsby/ddDa35vA">Lawson Soulsby</a> (died <a href="/facts/2017_in_science/qFe0XI9H">2017</a>), English <a href="/facts/Parasitologist/8UzTjlH8">parasitologist</a>.</li> <li>July 27 – <a href="/facts/W._David_Kingery/g7kYAmNl">W. David Kingery</a> (died <a href="/facts/2000_in_science/JwxhmCoM">2000</a>), American <a href="/facts/Materials_scientist/N5HrXRYW">materials scientist</a> specializing in <a href="/facts/Ceramic_materials/9JKudpqX">ceramic materials</a>.</li> <li>July 31 <ul><li><a href="/facts/Bernard_Nathanson/kryNm6ap">Bernard Nathanson</a> (died <a href="/facts/2011_in_science/wT16UWvG">2011</a>), American medical doctor and activist.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Hilary_Putnam/ujwAh4Ry">Hilary Putnam</a> (died <a href="/facts/2016_in_science/xaChyHmT">2016</a>), American philosopher, mathematician and computer scientist.</li></ul></li> <li>August 11 – <a href="/facts/Aaron_Klug/5A2dp3qy">Sir Aaron Klug</a> (died <a href="/facts/2018_in_science/Sdha6SfH">2018</a>), Lithuanian-born British biophysicist and chemist.</li> <li>August 19 – <a href="/facts/George_Daniels_(watchmaker)/VdhNelxv">George Daniels</a> (died <a href="/facts/2011_in_science/wT16UWvG">2011</a>), English horologist.</li> <li>September 4 – <a href="/facts/George_William_Gray/6VFvjl8j">George William Gray</a> (died <a href="/facts/2013_in_science/WueRPaAd">2013</a>), Scottish <a href="/facts/Chemist/N09K7Bdm">chemist</a>, discoverer of stable <a href="/facts/Liquid_crystal/ehCCST89">liquid crystal</a> materials leading to the development of <a href="/facts/Liquid-crystal_display/8B6xGBEz">liquid-crystal displays</a>.</li> <li>September 7 – <a href="/facts/Donald_Pinkel/wyJrD8Vj">Donald Pinkel</a> (died <a href="/facts/2022_in_science/cqUnXMTh">2022</a>), American <a href="/facts/Pediatric/hnkMfLeg">pediatric</a> <a href="/facts/Hematologist/DF6QqYQk">hematologist</a> and <a href="/facts/Oncologist/t2CUAEJQ">oncologist</a>.</li> <li>September 15 – <a href="/facts/Jean-Pierre_Serre/1xSr7BCh">Jean-Pierre Serre</a>, French <a href="/facts/Mathematician/eaFSR8Fx">mathematician</a>.</li> <li>October 2 – <a href="/facts/Michio_Suzuki_(mathematician)/pIrMNsXb">Michio Suzuki</a> (died <a href="/facts/1998_in_science/5r43b43U">1998</a>), Japanese mathematician.</li> <li>October 12 – <a href="/facts/Ruth_L._Kirschstein/nhJMdYWC">Ruth L. Kirschstein</a> (died <a href="/facts/2009_in_science/m9t2hRa2">2009</a>), American <a href="/facts/Pathologist/U9b18LJG">pathologist</a> and science administrator at the <a href="/facts/National_Institutes_of_Health/G3Eytfcc">National Institutes of Health</a>.</li> <li>October 31 – <a href="/facts/Narinder_Singh_Kapany/wwWYFYAp">Narinder Singh Kapany</a> (died <a href="/facts/2020_in_science/t6HkpHEr">2020</a>), Punjabi-born physicist.</li> <li>November 29 – <a href="/facts/Dilhan_Eryurt/zLDt37Db">Dilhan Eryurt</a> (died <a href="/facts/2012_in_science/LJKMAdSd">2012</a>), Turkish astrophysicist.</li> <li>December 10 – <a href="/facts/Neena_Schwartz/rJ4E3Hyo">Neena Schwartz</a> (died <a href="/facts/2018_in_science/Sdha6SfH">2018</a>), American <a href="/facts/Endocrinologist/4SqQu1NN">endocrinologist</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="deaths">Deaths</h2> <ul><li>March 5 – <a href="/facts/Cl%C3%A9ment_Ader/LL9G6R3p">Clément Ader</a> (born <a href="/facts/1841_in_science/pdkoaQcg">1841</a>), French <a href="/facts/Engineer/ph4TnHnG">engineer</a> and <a href="/facts/Inventor/P3LdUHBY">inventor</a>, <a href="/facts/Airplane/81161IpU">airplane</a> pioneer.</li> <li>April 11 – <a href="/facts/Luther_Burbank/yVQYx07u">Luther Burbank</a> (born <a href="/facts/1849_in_science/mmaQsEug">1849</a>), American <a href="/facts/Plant_breeder/GFlyFbSK">plant breeder</a>.</li> <li>May 8 – <a href="/facts/Stephen_Paget/rnKkIxFr">Stephen Paget</a> (born <a href="/facts/1855_in_science/TjMx5LHR">1855</a>), English surgeon.</li> <li>July 21 – <a href="/facts/Washington_Roebling/2ATh0Qu3">Washington Roebling</a> (born <a href="/facts/1837_in_science/gPd7datI">1837</a>), American <a href="/facts/Civil_engineer/RjIFIjNe">civil engineer</a>.</li> <li>September 23 – <a href="/facts/Paul_Kammerer/hGc2Snh5">Paul Kammerer</a> (born <a href="/facts/1880_in_science/AbBHWLbX">1880</a>), Austrian <a href="/facts/Lamarckism/5bwVUmP8">Lamarckian</a> <a href="/facts/Biologist/yJJGXyKR">biologist</a> (<a href="/facts/Suicide/j92cWcay">suicide</a>).</li> <li>October 7 – <a href="/facts/Emil_Kraepelin/tlEHWQUb">Emil Kraepelin</a> (born <a href="/facts/1856_in_science/5jhUepAI">1856</a>), German <a href="/facts/Psychiatrist/hS7EnAU6">psychiatrist</a>.</li> <li>October 10 – <a href="/facts/Clara_H._Hasse/qyTlSUGL">Clara H. Hasse</a> (born <a href="/facts/1880_in_science/AbBHWLbX">1880</a>), American botanist.</li> <li>October 19 – <a href="/facts/Victor_Babe%C8%99/pF79W2Nx">Victor Babeș</a> (born <a href="/facts/1854_in_science/jsrGlvtb">1854</a>), Romanian physician and <a href="/facts/Bacteriologist/Xk70D2YU">bacteriologist</a>.</li> <li>November 26 – <a href="/facts/John_Browning/8WCE1X2d">John Browning</a> (born <a href="/facts/1855_in_science/TjMx5LHR">1855</a>), American firearms designer.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Goddard launches space age with historic first 85 years ago today". Retrieved 2022-08-09. <a href="http://www.clarku.edu/article/goddard-launches-space-age-historic-first-85-years-ago-today" target="_blank">http://www.clarku.edu/article/goddard-launches-space-age-historic-first-85-years-ago-today</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"The Octane Scale". Polymer Science Learning Center. Retrieved 2023-10-11. <a href="https://pslc.ws/macrog/exp/rubber/synth/octane.htm" target="_blank">https://pslc.ws/macrog/exp/rubber/synth/octane.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Borůvka, Otakar (1926). "O jistém problému minimálním [About a certain minimal problem]". Práce Mor. Přírodověd. Spol. V Brně III (in Czech and German). 3: 37–58. <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Borůvka, Otakar (1926). "Příspěvek k řešení otázky ekonomické stavby elektrovodních sítí [Contribution to the solution of a problem of economical construction of electrical networks]". Elektronický Obzor (in Czech). 15: 153–4. <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Nešetřil, Jaroslav; Milková, Eva; Nešetřilová, Helena (2001). "Otakar Borůvka on minimum spanning tree problem: translation of both the 1926 papers, comments, history". 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Alcohol: Science, Policy and Public Health. Oxford University Press. p. 14. ISBN 9780199655786. <a href="9780199655786" target="_blank">9780199655786</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Von Willebrand, E. A. (1926). "Hereditär pseudohemofili". Finska Läkaresällskapets Handlingar (in Swedish). 68: 87–112. <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Freudenthal, Walter (1926). "Verruca senilis und Keratoma senile". Archiv für Dermatologie und Syphilis. 152 (2): 505–528. doi:10.1007/BF01828395. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Bailey; Cushing (1926). Tumors of the Glioma Group. Philadelphia: Lippincott. <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Ooishi, W. (1926). Raporto de la Aerologia Observatorio de Tateno (in Esperanto). 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