Data signaling rate

<h2 id="properties">Properties</h2>
<ol><li>The DSR is usually expressed in <a href="/facts/Bits_per_second/Nv9VoT7T">bits per second</a>.</li>
<li>The data <a href="/facts/Signal_(information_theory)/41YqUJ8c">signaling</a> rate is given by 
 
 
 
 
 ∑
 
 i
 =
 1
 
 
 m
 
 
 
 
 
 
 log
 
 2
 
 
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 n
 
 i
 
 
 
 
 
 T
 
 i
 
 
 
 
 
 
 {\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^{m}{\frac {\log _{2}{n_{i}}}{T_{i}}}}
 
 where m is the number of parallel channels, ni is the number of significant conditions of the <a href="/facts/Modulation/aAXPjINv">modulation</a> in the i-th <a href="/facts/Communication_channel/MtlxEShV">channel</a>, and Ti is the <a href="/facts/Unit_interval_(data_transmission)/2NLsdAkE">unit interval</a>, expressed in seconds, for the i-th channel.</li>
<li>For <a href="/facts/Serial_transmission/r5xP7P1c">serial transmission</a> in a single channel, the DSR reduces to (1/T)log2n; with a two-condition modulation, i. e. n = 2, the DSR is 1/T, according to <a href="/facts/Hartley%2527s_law/nlWW6VAy">Hartley's law</a>.</li>
<li>For <a href="/facts/Parallel_transmission/9quqJd8G">parallel transmission</a> with equal unit intervals and equal numbers of significant conditions on each channel, the DSR is (m/T)log2n; in the case of a two-condition <a href="/facts/Modulation/aAXPjINv">modulation</a>, this reduces to m/T.</li>
<li>The DSR may be expressed in <a href="/facts/Baud/uCsmXrdT">bauds</a>, in which case, the factor log2ni in the above summation formula should be deleted when calculating bauds.</li>
<li>In synchronous <a href="/facts/Binary_numeral_system/a6JDSRPs">binary</a> <a href="/facts/Signal_(information_theory)/41YqUJ8c">signaling</a>, the DSR in <a href="/facts/Bits_per_second/Nv9VoT7T">bits per second</a> may be numerically the same as the <a href="/facts/Modulation_rate/YlQ3JHVr">modulation rate</a> expressed in bauds. <a href="/facts/Signal_(information_theory)/41YqUJ8c">Signal</a> processors, such as four-<a href="/facts/Phase_(waves)/cpGtuVll">phase</a> modems, cannot change the DSR, but the modulation rate depends on the <a href="/facts/Telephone_line/YdKUAka9">line</a> modulation scheme, in accordance with Note 4. For example, in a 2400 bit/s 4-phase sending <a href="/facts/Modem/9H0Xwtq0">modem</a>, the signaling rate is 2400 bit/s on the <a href="/facts/Serial_communications/r5xP7P1c">serial</a> input side, but the modulation rate is only 1200 bauds on the 4-phase output side.</li></ol>
<h2 id="maximum-rate">Maximum rate</h2>
The maximum user signaling rate, synonymous to <a href="/facts/Gross_bit_rate/ppUNMmVd">gross bit rate</a> or data signaling rate, is the maximum rate, in <a href="/facts/Bits_per_second/Nv9VoT7T">bits per second</a>, at which <a href="/facts/Binary_numeral_system/a6JDSRPs">binary</a> <a href="/facts/Information/3LdrzXtJ">information</a> can be transferred in a given direction between users over the <a href="/facts/Communications_system/5t3Ys2DI">communications system</a> facilities dedicated to a particular <a href="/facts/Information_transfer/cDXdYmhQ">information transfer</a> transaction, under conditions of continuous <a href="/facts/Transmission_(telecommunications)/33zk8a0A">transmission</a> and no <a href="/facts/Overhead_information/tznYSoaR">overhead information</a>.
For a single channel, the <a href="/facts/Signaling_rate/MX5a58TH">signaling rate</a> is given by 
 
 
 
 S
 C
 S
 R
 =
 
 
 
 
 log
 
 2
 
 
 ⁡
 
 n
 
 
 T
 
 
 
 
 {\displaystyle SCSR={\frac {\log _{2}{n}}{T}}}
 
, where SCSR is the single-channel signaling rate in bits per second, T is the minimum <a href="/facts/Time/HceJKUGB">time</a> interval in seconds for which each level must be maintained, and n is the number of significant conditions of <a href="/facts/Modulation/aAXPjINv">modulation</a> of the channel.
In the case where an individual end-to-end <a href="/facts/Telecommunications_service/GhgPGMkJ">telecommunications service</a> is provided by parallel channels, the parallel-channel signaling rate is given by 
 
 
 
 P
 C
 S
 R
 =
 
 ∑
 
 i
 =
 1
 
 
 m
 
 
 
 
 
 
 log
 
 2
 
 
 ⁡
 
 
 n
 
 i
 
 
 
 
 
 T
 
 i
 
 
 
 
 
 
 {\displaystyle PCSR=\sum _{i=1}^{m}{\frac {\log _{2}{n_{i}}}{T_{i}}}}
 
, where PCSR is the total <a href="/facts/Signaling_rate/MX5a58TH">signaling rate</a> for m channels, m is the number of parallel channels, Ti is the minimum interval between significant instants for the I-th channel, and ni is the number of significant conditions of <a href="/facts/Modulation/aAXPjINv">modulation</a> for the I-th channel.
In the case where an end-to-end <a href="/facts/Telecommunications_service/GhgPGMkJ">telecommunications service</a> is provided by <a href="/facts/Tandem/mbqYoDCg">tandem</a> channels, the end-to-end signaling rate is the lowest signaling rate among the component channels.

<h2 id="rates-and-standards">Rates and standards</h2>
See also: <a href="/facts/Serial_ATA/dW8yAMm8">Serial ATA § Comparison with other buses</a>, and <a href="/facts/List_of_interface_bit_rates/RJzvfP0g">List of interface bit rates</a>
<table><tbody><tr><th>Data Rate</th><th>Standard</th></tr><tr><td>1.5 Mbit/s</td><td><a href="/facts/USB_1.0/XcIKWLyg">USB 1.0</a></td></tr><tr><td>1.544 Mbit/s</td><td><a href="/facts/Digital_Signal_1/cghJPRpQ">Digital Signal 1</a></td></tr><tr><td>12 Mbit/s</td><td><a href="/facts/USB_1.1/XcIKWLyg">USB 1.1</a></td></tr><tr><td>155 Mbit/s</td><td><a href="/facts/OC-3/GVABpoYY">OC-3</a></td></tr><tr><td>480 Mbit/s</td><td><a href="/facts/USB_2.0/XcIKWLyg">USB 2.0</a></td></tr><tr><td>622 Mbit/s</td><td><a href="/facts/OC-12/GVABpoYY">OC-12</a></td></tr><tr><td>1000 Mbit/s</td><td><a href="/facts/Gigabit_Ethernet/1ItIoV2w">Gigabit Ethernet</a></td></tr><tr><td>1063 Mbit/s</td><td><a href="/facts/Fibre_Channel/C7C0yreb">Fibre Channel</a> (1GFC)</td></tr><tr><td>2125 Mbit/s</td><td><a href="/facts/2GFC/C7C0yreb">2GFC</a></td></tr><tr><td>2488 Mbit/s</td><td><a href="/facts/OC-48/GVABpoYY">OC-48</a></td></tr><tr><td>2500 Mbit/s</td><td><a href="/facts/2.5GBASE-T/REWNhYIf">2.5GBASE-T</a>, <a href="/facts/InfiniBand/6CUz47wQ">InfiniBand</a></td></tr><tr><td>2666 Mbit/s</td><td><a href="/facts/OC-48/GVABpoYY">OC-48</a>(FEC)</td></tr><tr><td>3125 Mbit/s</td><td>×4 <a href="/facts/10GBASE-LX4/FvxUohpf">10GBASE-LX4</a></td></tr><tr><td>4250 Mbit/s</td><td><a href="/facts/4GFC/C7C0yreb">4GFC</a></td></tr><tr><td>5000 Mbit/s</td><td><a href="/facts/5GBASE-T/REWNhYIf">5GBASE-T</a>, <a href="/facts/USB_3.0/WTnYm1IS">USB 3.0</a>, <a href="/facts/USB_3.1_Gen_1/WTnYm1IS">USB 3.1 Gen 1</a></td></tr><tr><td>8500 Mbit/s</td><td><a href="/facts/8GFC/C7C0yreb">8GFC</a></td></tr><tr><td>9.953 Gbit/s</td><td><a href="/facts/OC-192/GVABpoYY">OC-192</a></td></tr><tr><td>10.000 Gbit/s</td><td><a href="/facts/USB_3.1_Gen_2/WTnYm1IS">USB 3.1 Gen 2</a></td></tr><tr><td>10.3125 Gbit/s</td><td><a href="/facts/10_GbE/FvxUohpf">10 GbE</a>, ×4 <a href="/facts/40GbE/DRV0aeNu">40GbE</a>, ×10 <a href="/facts/100GBASE-CR10/DRV0aeNu">100GBASE-CR10</a></td></tr><tr><td>10.51875 Gbit/s</td><td><a href="/facts/10GFC/C7C0yreb">10GFC</a></td></tr><tr><td>10.664 Gbit/s</td><td><a href="/facts/OC-192/GVABpoYY">OC-192</a> (FEC)</td></tr><tr><td>10.709 Gbit/s</td><td><a href="/facts/OC-192/GVABpoYY">OC-192</a> (ITU-T G.709)</td></tr><tr><td>11.100 Gbit/s</td><td><a href="/facts/10_GbE/FvxUohpf">10 GbE</a> FEC</td></tr><tr><td>14.025 Gbit/s</td><td><a href="/facts/16GFC/C7C0yreb">16GFC</a> "Gen 5"</td></tr><tr><td>25.78125 Gbit/s</td><td>×4 <a href="/facts/100GBASE-CR4/DRV0aeNu">100GBASE-CR4</a></td></tr><tr><td>28.05 Gbit/s</td><td><a href="/facts/32GFC/C7C0yreb">32GFC</a> "Gen 6"</td></tr><tr><td>28.05 Gbit/s</td><td>×4 <a href="/facts/128GFC/C7C0yreb">128GFC</a> "Gen 6"</td></tr><tr><td>120.579 Gbit/s</td><td><a href="/facts/100GBASE-ZR/DRV0aeNu">100GBASE-ZR</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Bit_rate/ppUNMmVd">Bit rate</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Bandwidth_(computing)/lY6Tb4gX">Bandwidth (computing)</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Baud/uCsmXrdT">Baud</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Symbol_rate/YlQ3JHVr">Symbol rate</a></li></ul>

<ul><li> This article incorporates <a href="/facts/Copyright_status_of_works_by_the_federal_government_of_the_United_States/Q1jvr96g">public domain material</a> from <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122224547/https://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/fs-1037c.htm">Federal Standard 1037C</a>. <a href="/facts/General_Services_Administration/Np3opv9x">General Services Administration</a>. Archived from <a href="https://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/fs-1037c.htm">the original</a> on 2022-01-22.</li></ul>

Data signaling rate open-in-new

Data signaling rate