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National Defence Complex
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>The National Development Complex (NDC) is an <a href="/facts/Aerospace/T6kTLUyV">aerospace</a> and defence agency of the <a href="/facts/Ministry_of_Defence_(Pakistan)/So92LcFT">Ministry of Defence</a> of Government of <a href="/facts/Pakistan/cbIsvJy1">Pakistan</a>, located in <a href="/facts/Fateh_Jang/GzXr0leT">Fateh Jang</a>, <a href="/facts/Punjab%2c_Pakistan/ppTkKUTS">Punjab Province</a>. The NDC was founded in 1990 by the <a href="/facts/Pakistan_Atomic_Energy_Commission/mHzJjNdG">Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission</a> (PAEC) chairman, <a href="/facts/Munir_Ahmad_Khan/oltFGpEf">Munir Ahmad Khan</a>, when PAEC's Director for Special Development Works (SDW) was morphed into the National Development Complex. <a href="/facts/Samar_Mubarakmand/TPQ2M0T9">Samar Mubarakmand</a> was appointed as its first director and later became its director-general. While the project was initiated by <a href="/facts/Benazir_Bhutto/kJELEhWK">Benazir Bhutto</a>, who strongly advocated for the establishment, the NDC was completed in 1993 by Prime Minister <a href="/facts/Nawaz_Sharif/4f8ecboB">Nawaz Sharif</a>, and the <a href="/facts/Shaheen-I/wr6q27kY">Shaheen Missile System</a> program was assigned to the NDC in 1995. The development of a missile program, under the codename <a href="/facts/Integrated_Missile_Research_and_Development_Programme/Xh9rRGqK">Integrated Missile Research and Development Programme</a> (<i>Hatf</i> Program), was first started at the NDC to develop the solid-fuel rockets and missile systems. The missile components from these various facilities are brought to the NDC for final integration. The NDC operates under <a href="/facts/National_Engineering_and_Scientific_Commission/D8mreQBf">NESCOM</a> whose engineers also participate in the projects. </p> <h2 id="research-development-and-production">Research, development and production</h2> <h3>Missiles</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Air-to-air_missile/82Dccmul">Air-to-air missile</a> research – It was reported in November 2001 that the Aerospace Division of NDC was doing "preliminary studies" for developing a new <a href="/facts/Beyond_visual_range/slVWIIqr">medium range</a> <a href="/facts/Air-to-air_missile/82Dccmul">air-to-air missile</a>. According to the report no full scale hardware had yet been built but investigations by NDC engineers into various design approaches were ongoing. The report stated that suggested that the missile may use <a href="/facts/Active_radar_homing/SeUhDBuX">active radar homing</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Babur_(cruise_missile)/Nnx8Jlzx">Babur</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Nasr_(missile)/aUvx7qQr">Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Shaheen-I/wr6q27kY">Shaheen-I</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Shaheen-II/VRsCLkuc">Shaheen-II</a></li></ul> <h3>Depleted uranium ammunition</h3> <ul><li>105 mm anti-tank round – a <a href="/facts/Depleted_uranium/oKGvpUlW">DU</a> <a href="/facts/APFSDS/bu6kzywV">APFSDS</a> anti-tank round developed to be fired by <a href="/facts/Type_59_tank/bBwJ6Sxm">Type 59</a> tanks (upgraded with 105 mm guns) in service with the <a href="/facts/Pakistan_Army/LonsGhBg">Pakistan Army</a>. Reported to have a muzzle velocity of 1,450 m/s and be capable of penetrating 450 mm of <a href="/facts/Rolled_homogeneous_armour/TzLh1mEU">rolled homogeneous armour (RHA)</a> at an unspecified range.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a></li> <li>Naiza (125 mm anti-tank round) – a <a href="/facts/Depleted_uranium/oKGvpUlW">DU</a> <a href="/facts/APFSDS/bu6kzywV">APFSDS</a> anti-tank round developed to be fired by <a href="/facts/T-80UD/G1MEC5nN">T-80UD</a> tanks in service with the <a href="/facts/Pakistan_Army/LonsGhBg">Pakistan Army</a>. A model of the round was put on display at the IDEX 2001 exhibition in the <a href="/facts/United_Arab_Emirates/o1bEjgbR">United Arab Emirates</a> and it was stated to have a DU long rod penetrator, performance 25% greater than NDC's 105 mm DU round and a saddle-type sabot with re-arranged forward bore-rider for more accurate alignment with the <a href="/facts/T-80UD/G1MEC5nN">T-80UD</a>'s <a href="/facts/Autoloader/4M7TDTHo">autoloader</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> Displayed at <a href="/facts/International_Defence_Exhibition_and_Seminar/Lr7cQdey">IDEAS 2002</a> alongside DU rounds produced by other Pakistani organisations. Reportedly named "Naiza", made compatible with the <a href="/facts/T-80UD/G1MEC5nN">T-80UD</a> tank and stated to be capable of penetrating 550 mm of <a href="/facts/Rolled_homogeneous_armour/TzLh1mEU">RHA</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>Other</h3> <ul><li>Starfish naval mine – a naval mine that targets submarines and ships, details on the mine were first released in 2001. Can be deployed by aircraft, ships and submarines. Makes use of solid state electronics. The mine's attack modes are controlled by a microprocessor which uses magnetic, acoustic and pressure sensors to analyse a potential target's signature. Sensors are mounted flush to both ends of the mine's cylindrical (barrel) shape. It is unknown if the mine has a self-destruct mechanism. Weight: 767 kg, warhead: 500 kg HE (PBX charge), storage life: 20 years.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/National_Engineering_and_Scientific_Commission/D8mreQBf">National Engineering and Scientific Commission</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"New BVR missile (Pakistan) (Pakistan), Air-to-air missiles – Beyond visual range". Jane's (website). Jane's Information Group. 20 July 2009. Archived from the original on 10 June 2010. Retrieved 5 May 2010. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100610054658/https://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Air-Launched-Weapons/New-BVR-missile-Pakistan-Pakistan.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20100610054658/https://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Air-Launched-Weapons/New-BVR-missile-Pakistan-Pakistan.html</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Pakistan joins DU producer nations". Jane's Information Group. 9 May 2001. Archived from the original on 21 December 2001. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011221222935/http://www.janes.com/defence/land_forces/news/idr/idr010509_1_n.shtml" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20011221222935/http://www.janes.com/defence/land_forces/news/idr/idr010509_1_n.shtml</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Pakistan joins DU producer nations". Jane's Information Group. 9 May 2001. Archived from the original on 21 December 2001. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011221222935/http://www.janes.com/defence/land_forces/news/idr/idr010509_1_n.shtml" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20011221222935/http://www.janes.com/defence/land_forces/news/idr/idr010509_1_n.shtml</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Welcome to the Air Combat Information Group". Archived from the original on 8 April 2003. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030408131704/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_4.shtml" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20030408131704/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_4.shtml</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Underwater weapons – Mines and depth charges". Jane's Air-Launched Weapons. Jane's Information Group. 6 May 2010. Retrieved 16 October 2010. <a href="http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Air-Launched-Weapons/Starfish-Ground-Mine-Pakistan.html" target="_blank">http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Air-Launched-Weapons/Starfish-Ground-Mine-Pakistan.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Starfish Ground Mine (Pakistan), Underwater weapons – Mines and depth charges". Jane's Air-Launched Weapons. Jane's Information Group. 6 May 2010. Retrieved 16 October 2009. <a href="http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Air-Launched-Weapons/Starfish-Ground-Mine-Pakistan.html" target="_blank">http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Air-Launched-Weapons/Starfish-Ground-Mine-Pakistan.html</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>