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2025 Pahalgam attack
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<h2 id="background">Background</h2> <p>An <a href="/facts/Jammu_and_Kashmir_insurgency/lu2JQYwY">armed insurgency</a> broke out in <a href="/facts/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)/Rl2eUo1z">Jammu and Kashmir</a> in 1989, and has been ongoing since, with violence having reduced significantly in recent years. In 2019, India revoked <a href="/facts/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)/Rl2eUo1z">Jammu and Kashmir</a>'s <a href="/facts/Revocation_of_the_special_status_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir/v8cyjG8n">special status</a>, dividing the state into two <a href="/facts/Union_territory/I3EU7LVq">union territories</a> — <a href="/facts/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)/F1FbqQpw">Jammu and Kashmir</a> and <a href="/facts/Ladakh/ekL17WAx">Ladakh</a>. This move empowered local authorities to issue <a href="/facts/Domicile_(Jammu_and_Kashmir)/TDpLYa6l">domicile status</a> to people that did not earlier qualify, allowing them to buy land and obtain jobs in the disputed territory. On 10 April, the revenue minister revealed that 83,000 people have been issued domicite certificate under the new rules in the last two years, causing an uproar in the <a href="/facts/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly/rclsBsEy">legislative assembly</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> According to Forbes, Kashmir was already the most militarized zone in the world.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p><p>Following the revocation of the region's limited autonomy, India began a <a href="/facts/2019%25E2%2580%25932021_Jammu_and_Kashmir_lockdown/cJdKzILU">massive crackdown</a>. This led to a deterioration of <a href="/facts/India%25E2%2580%2593Pakistan_relations/CVWuLWjn">relations with Pakistan</a> amid the <a href="/facts/Kashmir_dispute/zJAJRyth">Kashmir dispute</a>. India has permanently stationed an estimated 500,000 soldiers in the territory.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="attack">Attack</h2> <p>The attack by four to six militants<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> occurred at around 14:50 on 22 April in the Baisaran Valley near Pahalgam, a remote tourist spot accessible by foot or pony, in Indian-administered Kashmir.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> The area was crowded with visitors enjoying improved weather after days of rain. According to survivors, gunmen in military-style uniforms emerged from nearby forests and opened fire on the crowd.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p><p>Witnesses stated that most of the victims were male, with one assailant allegedly telling a woman that she was being spared so she could "narrate the horrors" to Prime Minister <a href="/facts/Narendra_Modi/bVn4fGGz">Narendra Modi</a>. Several victims were shot at close range, and video footage from the scene showed bloodied individuals lying on the ground and others pleading for help.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p><p>The attackers asked for names and demanded that the victims recite the <i><a href="/facts/Six_Kalimas/DoS1etxe">kalma</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> They checked for <a href="/facts/Khitan_(circumcision)/whFfDoXf">circumcisions</a> to identify and spare <a href="/facts/Muslims/W2ukq4pg">Muslims</a>, ensuring they were targeting non-Muslims.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> </p><p>Eyewitness videos showed scenes of panic and injured victims pleading for help. One woman was seen screaming for assistance for her husband, while others were seen lying motionless in the meadow. At least 28 people were killed, and several others were critically injured.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> Emergency services arrived at the scene shortly after news of the attack reached district headquarters. Two critically injured victims were taken to Anantnag District Hospital around 16:30, while others were transported to nearby medical centres. Some were airlifted by helicopter to a <a href="/facts/Military_hospital/H9gHTxPU">military hospital</a> in <a href="/facts/Srinagar/kxwAm8Pl">Srinagar</a> for further treatment.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> </p><p>A joint <a href="/facts/Cordon_and_search/FolhPblh">cordon and search</a> operation involving <a href="/facts/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Police/m01Y2EkM">local police</a> and the <a href="/facts/Indian_Army/4a3vrgyL">Indian Army</a> was launched in the area. Helicopters were deployed to locate the attackers, and a temporary lockdown was imposed in parts of Pahalgam.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="casualties">Casualties</h2> <table><tbody><tr><th>Nationality</th><th>Dead</th><th>Injured</th></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM">India</a></td><td>26</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/United_Arab_Emirates/o1bEjgbR">UAE</a></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Nepal/yWCzTBR2">Nepal</a></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Total</th><td>28</td><td>20</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>At least 28 civilians were killed in the attack, including 24 Indian tourists from various parts of India, two locals from Jammu and Kashmir and two foreign tourists from Nepal and the United Arab Emirates.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> </p><p>At least 20 others were injured.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> The dead included those from <a href="/facts/Karnataka/NhJAc4t9">Karnataka</a>, <a href="/facts/Kerala/DMP5u40q">Kerala</a>, <a href="/facts/Maharashtra/4hAVYlb4">Maharashtra</a>, <a href="/facts/Odisha/ofAWpAgu">Odisha</a>, <a href="/facts/Gujarat/HwmVfMwr">Gujarat</a>, <a href="/facts/Haryana/bo4Qo3c8">Haryana</a>, <a href="/facts/West_Bengal/0B5bxvbW">West Bengal</a> and <a href="/facts/Uttar_Pradesh/vXDwM9Df">Uttar Pradesh</a>, as well as injured from Gujarat, <a href="/facts/Tamil_Nadu/ouqcjUKE">Tamil Nadu</a> and Maharashtra.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> The casualties included a 26-year-old <a href="/facts/Indian_Navy/vpfWV6z2">Indian Navy</a> officer and an <a href="/facts/Intelligence_Bureau_(India)/LNtuPzve">Intelligence Bureau</a> official.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="responsibility">Responsibility</h2> <p>The attack was claimed by <a href="/facts/The_Resistance_Front/3aej5BVC">The Resistance Front</a>, an offshoot of Pakistan-based <a href="/facts/Lashkar-e-Taiba/DeHCQG3z">Lashkar-e-Taiba</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> blaming the settlement of over 85,000 non-Kashmiris that were driving a "<a href="/facts/Demographics_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir/F1FbqQpw">demographic</a> change."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="response">Response</h2> <p>Indian prime minister Narendra Modi cut short his visit to Saudi Arabia and said that those responsible would be brought to justice, emphasizing India's resolve to combat terrorism.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a> Union Home Minister <a href="/facts/Amit_Shah/4fjzfjEq">Amit Shah</a> travelled to <a href="/facts/Srinagar/kxwAm8Pl">Srinagar</a> to assess the situation and coordinate the security response. Union minister for finance and corporate affairs <a href="/facts/Nirmala_Sitharaman/aCRg6PhV">Nirmala Sitharaman</a> cut short her official visit to the United States and Peru. Security forces launched a manhunt to apprehend the perpetrators, and a helpline was established to assist affected tourists.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> Protests were held in many parts of Indian-administered Kashmir condemning the attack, including some in <a href="/facts/Jammu/ojjAaLqc">Jammu</a> who blamed Pakistan.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a> </p><p>On 23 April, the <a href="/facts/Indian_Army/4a3vrgyL">Indian Army</a> gave limited clearance for the operation of <a href="/facts/HAL_Dhruv/4Vrxq5rM">HAL Dhruv</a> for <a href="/facts/Counterterrorism/XSzTcfND">counter-terrorism</a> operations. The fleet was otherwise grounded.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a> </p> <h3>Response by locals</h3> <p>In the course of the attack, local people also rescued and sheltered the victims. Members of local ponywalla association rescued around 11 injured tourists on <a href="/facts/Ponies/X0w94Rag">ponies</a> and improvised stretchers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> A local woolen fabric trader guided four families of Chhattisgarh out of the attack site to a safe place.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> A family from Maharashtra posted on social media to show their gratitude to a local cab driver who sheltered them in his house during the attack and ensured their well being.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="reactions">Reactions</h2> <p>The attack drew immediate widespread condemnation from political leaders and civil society. Chief Minister <a href="/facts/Omar_Abdullah/dugqwt72">Omar Abdullah</a> described the incident as "much larger than anything we've seen directed at civilians in recent years." President <a href="/facts/Droupadi_Murmu/cDAVksX6">Droupadi Murmu</a> expressed her condolences to the families of the victims and called it a "dastardly and inhuman act."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> Prime Minister Narendra Modi condemned the act of violence and assured that those responsible for the attack would be brought to justice emphasizing the nation's strong resolve to combat terrorism.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a> and Defence Minister <a href="/facts/Rajnath_Singh/lIYM6e0b">Rajnath Singh</a> labeled it an "act of cowardice."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a> Opposition Congress MP <a href="/facts/Priyanka_Gandhi/8MmFKMv8">Priyanka Gandhi</a> called it a "crime against humanity." The <a href="/facts/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_Lok_Sabha/gkLBJ2cK">Leader of the opposition in Lok Sabha</a>, <a href="/facts/Rahul_Gandhi/Vl8lHu94">Rahul Gandhi</a>, described the attack as "horrific", and emphasised support for the victims.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a> </p> <h3>International reactions</h3> <ul><li> <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a>: President <a href="/facts/Emmanuel_Macron/baeIYHUo">Emmanuel Macron</a> condemned the attack and the ambassador of France to India stated that France would stand in solidarity with India in the fight against terrorism.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2">United Kingdom</a>: Prime Minister <a href="/facts/Keir_Starmer/rzH0yIHu">Keir Starmer</a> offered his condolences.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8">Iran</a>: The <a href="/facts/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Iran)/pc4KwFsv">Foreign Ministry in Tehran</a> issued a statement calling the Pahalgam attack a "heinous terrorist crime" that "contradicts all human rights norms."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/Government_of_Iran/3a2xqGM0">Government of Iran</a> extended condolences to the people and the <a href="/facts/Government_of_India/BIpETqjv">Government of India</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY">Israel</a>: Israeli foreign minister <a href="/facts/Gideon_Sa%2527ar/Up4TN4UW">Gideon Sa'ar</a> and Prime Minister <a href="/facts/Benjamin_Netanyahu/581DW7MB">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> condemned the attack and extended condolences to the affected victims and families.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF">Italy</a>: Italian prime minister <a href="/facts/Giorgia_Meloni/8g5Fw1vF">Giorgia Meloni</a> expressed sorrow over the terrorist attack, conveying condolences via social media. She stated that Italy sends its sympathies to the affected families, the injured, the Indian government, and the people of India.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX">Germany</a>: German Chancellor <a href="/facts/Olaf_Scholz/m6WEvQjG">Olaf Scholz</a> strongly condemned the attack and offered his condolences to the victims.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a>: Russian president <a href="/facts/Vladimir_Putin/DcQdxqbj">Vladimir Putin</a> condemned the terrorist attack in Kashmir, stating that "this brutal crime has no justification whatsoever." A subsequent statement from the <a href="/facts/Kremlin/yvbofbcu">Kremlin</a> reaffirmed Russia's commitment to cooperate with India in combating terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, and extended sympathies to all those affected.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Saudi_Arabia/uyUpe1J2">Saudi Arabia</a>: Saudi Crown Prince <a href="/facts/Mohammed_bin_Salman/80RYCj1r">Mohammed bin Salman</a> "strongly condemned" the terrorist attack in Kashmir. He reaffirmed Saudi Arabia's solidarity with India during this time of grief, emphasizing support for the country and its people.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Sri_Lanka/VtTBmysE">Sri Lanka</a>: The <a href="/facts/Government_of_Sri_Lanka/qeRVs6r3">Government of Sri Lanka</a> condemned the "heinous terrorist attack" and offered condolences to the people. It also reiterated its commitment to regional peace and security.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/United_Arab_Emirates/o1bEjgbR">UAE</a>: The <a href="/facts/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(United_Arab_Emirates)/8YuPjRkK">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> of UAE issued a statement strongly condemning the attack and expressed condolences to the government and people of India.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a>: U.S. president <a href="/facts/Donald_Trump/pqqKY21P">Donald Trump</a> described the incident as "deeply disturbing" and extended condolences to the victims. On social media, he reaffirmed support for India, stating that the U.S. stands with India against terrorism and expressing solidarity with Modi and the people of India. U.S. vice president <a href="/facts/JD_Vance/4IBIkam9">JD Vance</a>, who was on a visit to India, also condemned the attack.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Nepal/yWCzTBR2">Nepal</a>: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Nepal condemned the attack as a "barbaric terrorist act" and extended condolences to the victims' families, reaffirming its position against terrorism in all forms.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a> Prime Minister <a href="/facts/K._P._Sharma_Oli/mLmK4KY2">KP Sharma Oli</a> expressed solidarity with India and stated that Nepal stands firmly with it during this time of sorrow.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Bangladesh/NXk4f78Y">Bangladesh</a>: The interim government chief adviser, <a href="/facts/Muhammad_Yunus/e496WHh8">Muhammad Yunus</a> expressed his deep condolences for the victims and reaffirmed Bangladesh's stance against terrorism.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Pakistan/cbIsvJy1">Pakistan</a>: Followed by the widespread allegations by the Indian authorities and people across India of Pakistan's involvement in the attack, Pakistani defence minister <a href="/facts/Khawaja_Asif/FVFv8pnG">Khawaja Asif</a> reacted by dismissing the allegations stating "Pakistan has no connection with this. This is all home-grown, there are revolutions in different so-called states against India, not one, not two, but dozens, from Nagaland to Kashmir, in the south, in Chattisgarh, in Manipur. In all these places, there are revolutions against the Indian government."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>Non-governmental organisations</h3> <ul><li> <a href="/facts/European_Union/6GYcR8qM">European Union</a>: The president of the European Commission <a href="/facts/Ursula_von_der_Leyen/h0Q8RqDF">Ursula von der Leyen</a> offered her condolences and said that Europe would stand with India.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/United_Nations/fgXLnmgT">United Nations</a>: UN Secretary General <a href="/facts/Ant%25C3%25B3nio_Guterres/j7h4N7z9">Antonio Guterres</a> has strongly condemned the attack and stressed that that attacks against civilians are unacceptable under any circumstances.</li></ul> <h2 id="investigation">Investigation</h2> <p>The <a href="/facts/National_Investigation_Agency/61CDR1qf">National Investigation Agency</a> initiated an investigation into the attack after visiting the site on 23 April.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68"><sup>68</sup></a> </p><p>Following a preliminary investigation, security agencies have released sketches of three of the militants involved in attack and stated that all of them are linked to <a href="/facts/Lashkar-e-Taiba/DeHCQG3z">Lashkar-e-Taiba</a>, and at least two are believed to be foreigners.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69"><sup>69</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70"><sup>70</sup></a> Intelligence agencies identified Saifullah Kasuri alias Khalid, a top LeT commander, as the mastermind of the massacre.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71"><sup>71</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul> <li>Crime portal</li><li>India portal</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/facts/2000_Chittisinghpura_massacre/TH0k58na">2000 Chittisinghpura massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/2023_Rajouri_attacks/c0wVSGBR">2023 Rajouri attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/2024_Reasi_attack/KbUo1AMm">2024 Reasi attack</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_terrorist_incidents_in_India/lwQFDVI9">List of terrorist incidents in India</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Hassan, Aakash; Beaumont, Peter (22 April 2025). "At least 28 tourists killed by suspected militants in Kashmir attack". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 22 April 2025. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/apr/22/tourists-killed-by-suspected-militants-in-kashmir-attack" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/apr/22/tourists-killed-by-suspected-militants-in-kashmir-attack</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"At least 24 killed in occupied Kashmir gunmen attack on tourists: police source". DAWN. 22 April 2025. <a href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1905917/at-least-24-killed-in-occupied-kashmir-gunmen-attack-on-tourists-police-source" target="_blank">https://www.dawn.com/news/1905917/at-least-24-killed-in-occupied-kashmir-gunmen-attack-on-tourists-police-source</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Naveed Iqbal, Over 80,000 'non-state subjects' have received domicile certificates in last two years, J&K govt says, The Indian Express, 10 April 2025. <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/over-80000-non-state-subjects-have-received-domicile-certificates-in-last-two-years-jk-govt-says-9935364/" target="_blank">https://indianexpress.com/article/india/over-80000-non-state-subjects-have-received-domicile-certificates-in-last-two-years-jk-govt-says-9935364/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Singh, Rani. 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