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Sigrid Schultz
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<h2 id="early-life-and-education">Early life and education</h2> <p>Schultz was born in <a href="/facts/Chicago,_Illinois/yPMokrXH">Chicago, Illinois</a> in the family of Herman and Hedwig Schultz (née Jaskewitz).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> Her parents were of Norwegian ancestry,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> and her father was a well-known <a href="/facts/Painting/ygQ47K3b">painter</a> who had studied at the <i><a href="/facts/Acad%C3%A9mie_de_peinture_et_de_sculpture/kj4A7dYG">Académie de peinture et de sculpture</a></i> in <a href="/facts/Paris/DrNHpwnA">Paris</a>, France. In 1901, when Schultz was eight, her father obtained a commission to paint the king and queen of <a href="/facts/W%C3%BCrttemberg/8RLVCYHz">Württemberg</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> in Germany and the family moved to Europe. After completing the royal commission, Schultz's father continued to receive requests for <a href="/facts/Portrait_painting/B7Iadwgp">portrait painting</a> and decided to stay in Europe, establishing a <a href="/facts/Studio/WHfhIIVF">studio</a> in Paris. </p> <h3>Education</h3> <p>For the first two years in Germany, while her father painted in Württemberg, Sigrid and her mother stayed with Hedwig's family in Wiesbaden. During that time, Sigrid was sent away to a school in Munich, where she experienced loneliness and was mocked for her German accent.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> Once the family moved to Paris, Sigrid attended <i><a href="/facts/Lyc%C3%A9e_Racine/WfXKRnfR">Lycée Racine</a></i> — <i><a href="/facts/Secondary_education_in_France/PejltRvj">lycée</a></i> is the French equivalent of American high school education — and subsequently studied international law at the <a href="/facts/University_of_Paris/yXAx8nlG">Sorbonne</a>, graduating in 1914.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> She taught French and English in Berlin for much of <a href="/facts/World_War_I/vITTUanQ">World War I</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p><p>Some sources claim that while in Germany with her mother, she fell ill with what was believed to be <a href="/facts/Tuberculosis/ggPyovAl">tuberculosis</a>, leading her to be forced to remain in Germany during <a href="/facts/World_War_I/vITTUanQ">World War I</a>; however, Schultz herself<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> wrote that she remained in Germany due to her parents' illness, and that around this period she also studied history and international law at <a href="/facts/Berlin_University/QE2lhhkd">Berlin University</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> (Her obituary in the <i><a href="/facts/Chicago_Tribune/Bbms9uy5">Chicago Tribune</a></i> said that she was "a student at Berlin University training to be an opera singer.")<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="career">Career</h2> <p>At war's end, Colonel <a href="/facts/Robert_R._McCormick/LcxAPMnK">Robert R. McCormick</a>, owner and publisher of the <i><a href="/facts/Chicago_Tribune/Bbms9uy5">Chicago Tribune</a></i>, needed a <a href="/facts/Correspondent/5Y6jFQQU">correspondent</a> fluent in both German and English. Among other things, McCormick wanted someone able with the ability to explain in detail the <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Jutland/TMpDt8xn">Battle of Jutland</a>, the war's most significant naval battle, to <i>Tribune</i> readers. Schultz joined the <i>Tribune</i> in 1919<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> and, with fluency in several languages to her credit, became the chief for Central Europe in 1926.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> She had been named the chief of the Berlin bureau for the <i>Tribune</i> late in 1925.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> At that time, Schultz worked with Richard Henry Little and <a href="/facts/Floyd_Gibbons/vb8v5IRo">Floyd Gibbons</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> It is believed that Schultz was the first woman to ever hold such a position for a major <a href="/facts/News_media/8vaYSAVC">news media</a> organization.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> </p><p>Convinced by events that <a href="/facts/National_Socialism/JjsMI4lE">National Socialism</a> would become a significant force in Germany, Schultz sought interviews with leading members of the Nazi movement, establishing at an early date an acquaintance with then-Captain <a href="/facts/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring/IvYCDBuy">Hermann Göring</a>, who was later to become Nazi Germany's highest-ranking leader behind <a href="/facts/Adolf_Hitler/3zyXG1L8">Adolf Hitler</a>. Though personally repelled by <a href="/facts/Nazism/JjsMI4lE">Nazism</a>, Schultz cultivated her connections with Göring and with other leading Nazis, strengthening her access to these authoritative news sources, as the Nazis gained control of Germany and, later, as Europe moved toward war. Schultz interviewed Adolf Hitler several times and her firsthand knowledge of Germany's leaders helped her to accurately report their intentions and goals, as Nazi Germany's ambitions posed an increasing threat to world peace. </p><p>Beginning in 1938, Schultz began to report for the <a href="/facts/Mutual_Broadcasting_System/Uw62UNW9">Mutual Broadcasting System</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> along with the <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. In doing so, she became "the first woman to broadcast regularly on an American network from Europe."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> She was considered by some of her fellow reporters as only a fair writer but a superb investigator and reporter.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> Fellow Berlin correspondent <a href="/facts/William_L._Shirer/baLds99A">William L. Shirer</a> wrote that "No other American correspondent in Berlin knew so much of what was going on behind the scenes as did Sigrid Schultz." </p><p>Though Nazi German officials were often displeased with Schultz's reporting — which they deemed as critical of the regime — she had not been expelled from Germany as had other reporters deemed "hostile" to the nation's "revival" under Nazism. In order not to jeopardize her ability to work in Germany without imprisonment or expulsion, Schultz during 1938 and 1939 filed some of her dispatches under a <a href="/facts/Pseudonym/A5EjmWxQ">pseudonym</a>. Published in the <i>Tribune</i>'s weekly magazine under the fictitious name "John Dickson", Schultz filed her dispatches from outside Germany — usually from <a href="/facts/Oslo/PRJtFYUl">Oslo</a> or <a href="/facts/Copenhagen/58Tl28IX">Copenhagen</a> — with false <a href="/facts/Dateline/Ul1CzbLY">datelines</a>. These articles reported on the attacks the German government made on the nation's churches, exposed the <a href="/facts/Concentration_camps/fMT7HaTK">concentration camps</a> and the increasing persecution of Germany's Jews. In one of these dispatches, Dickson asserted that Germany was prepared for war and predicted the <a href="/facts/Munich_Agreement/r4o68xnA">Munich Agreement</a> that gave Hitler free rein to march into <a href="/facts/Czechoslovakia/9A6Kzmr0">Czechoslovakia</a>. </p><p>On July 13, 1939, one of Dickson's articles received front-page placement in the <i>Tribune</i>. The dispatch forecast the <a href="/facts/Molotov-Ribbentrop_Pact/QG7eP42a">non-aggression pact</a> that took place between Germany and the <a href="/facts/Soviet_Union/m7wWsPto">Soviet Union</a> five weeks later. Writing as Dickson, Schultz reported that "Supporters of the theory of Nazi-Soviet cooperation claim that plans for a new <a href="/facts/Partitions_of_Poland/kyVSVxEc">partition</a> of <a href="/facts/Poland/eXJ7fd0D">Poland</a>, dividing it between Germany and Russia, have been concluded."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigrid_Schultz#endnote_wendt">[1]</a> </p><p>It was Schultz who awoke <a href="/facts/CBS/BhMsVoej">CBS</a> reporter William L. Shirer on the morning of the <a href="/facts/Invasion_of_Poland_(1939)/8kconR1e">German invasion of Poland</a>, September 1, 1939. Shirer's <i><a href="/facts/Berlin_Diary/xVo06MdL">Berlin Diary</a></i> recounts the events of that morning. </p> Berlin, September 1 At six a.m., Sigrid Schultz — bless her heart — phoned. She said: "It's happened." I was very sleepy — my body and mind numbed, paralyzed. I mumbled: "Thanks, Sigrid," and tumbled out of bed. The war is on!<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigrid_Schultz#endnote_shirer">[2]</a> <p>Schultz reported on the many military triumphs of the <i><a href="/facts/Wehrmacht/cVGQH8JW">Wehrmacht</a></i> during the first year of <a href="/facts/World_War_II/2efV5L1U">World War II</a>, but was not permitted to travel to the <a href="/facts/Front_(military)/RYQf04RP">front</a> because she was a woman. She left Germany after being injured in an <a href="/facts/Allies_of_World_War_II/YzCdtjDY">Allied</a> air raid on Berlin. While in Spain, she developed <a href="/facts/Typhus/tlxCFaHf">typhus</a> and returned to the United States in early 1941.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> What had been expected to be a brief leave developed into a three-year convalescence from the disease. </p><p>During this period, Schultz wrote a book about Germany titled <i>Germany Will Try It Again</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> and made a nationwide lecture tour about her quarter-century in Germany. </p><p>Schultz returned to Europe as a war correspondent in January, 1945 and accompanied the <a href="/facts/U.S._Army/WACWBEK9">U.S. Army</a> on the advance of the Allied armies into Germany. Schultz was also one of the first journalists to visit <a href="/facts/Buchenwald/rTlFCJI9">Buchenwald</a> and she reported on the <a href="/facts/Nuremberg_Trial/Xk8q1YzG">Nuremberg Trial</a>. </p><p>After the war, she continued her reporting and wrote several books. Schultz was working on a history of <a href="/facts/Antisemitism/kUpfFkqx">antisemitism</a> in Germany when she died in 1980. (Her obituary in the <i>Chicago Tribune</i> said that she was "working on a book that was to be a history of the two World Wars and the Holocaust.")<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="schultzs-writings">Schultz's writings</h2> <p>In Schultz's book <i>Germany Will Try It Again</i>, she describes, based on her first-hand witness reports on what is in essence would equate with a German-Austrian <a href="/facts/Military-Industrial_Complex/kII2vzyQ">Military-Industrial Complex</a> composed of wealthy landowners (<a href="/facts/Junkers/MUureorb">Junkers</a>), bankers, and corporate businessmen (of companies still thriving today), who fired World War I, then planned a comeback despite defeat in 1918, propped up Hitler, were planning a comeback in 1944 (ultimately leading to the formation of <a href="/facts/Die_Spinne/0XyARrtx">Die Spinne</a> and <a href="/facts/ODESSA/f2FItl5D">ODESSA</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> as well as the <a href="/facts/Vatican_ratlines/rgkGDtpU">Vatican ratlines</a> to <a href="/facts/South_America/PhrFEMk7">South America</a> and the harboring of Nazi officers in the USA after 1945.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> This true German corporate/banking elite class (obviously excluding Jews) had planned a Central European Empire (<a href="/facts/Mitteleuropa/PP2P90nY">Mitteleuropa</a>) that would subjugate Slavs to the German nation, and would restore the greatness of both the <a href="/facts/Habsburgs/0ttzWDwA">Habsburgs</a> <a href="/facts/Austrian_Empire/AnAU9bdG">Austrian Empire</a> and the earlier so-called <a href="/facts/Holy_Roman_Empire/6mdobnXN">Holy Roman Empire</a>. Schultz often refers to the Nazi's skill at "war-in-peace" which bears striking resemblances to the post-1945 <a href="/facts/Cold_War/spJdJQ3q">Cold War</a>, and may well have served as its roots. </p><p>Schultz also covers the successful appeal of the Nazis to both British and American corporations to ally themselves with Germany in a fight against Communism. While not so successful in Britain, alliances were successful with American corporate investors such as <a href="/facts/Prescott_Bush/n3hhcBXH">Prescott Bush</a>. Nazi agents in the USA promoted the <a href="/facts/German_American_Bund/pvTNEfny">German American Bund</a>, the roots of many current neo-Nazi groups, and sought to provoke divisive American racial tensions through support of other American racist organizations. </p><p>Lastly, Schultz covers the Nazi drive to build up business and political alliances in South America,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> which led to the foundations of the <a href="/facts/Juan_Per%C3%B3n/KQQm2xGI">Juan Perón</a> regime in <a href="/facts/Argentina/aFSA5bAk">Argentina</a>, the <a href="/facts/Alfredo_Stroessner/4ldNNRqR">Alfredo Stroessner</a> regime in <a href="/facts/Paraguay/sbzfv4Rl">Paraguay</a>, and the more recent <a href="/facts/Augusto_Pinochet/r2VbDNcf">Augusto Pinochet</a> regime in <a href="/facts/Chile/uEyTfEcx">Chile</a>. </p> <h2 id="death">Death</h2> <p>On May 15, 1980, Schultz died in her <a href="/facts/Westport,_Connecticut/aE6DqyyW">Westport, Connecticut</a>, retirement home. She was 87.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="papers-and-named-scholarship">Papers and named scholarship</h2> <p>Schultz's papers are housed at the <a href="/facts/Wisconsin_Historical_Society/9GygGYVC">Wisconsin Historical Society</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> </p><p>Schultz's estate established a scholarship fund for journalism students. In 2014, <a href="/facts/Central_Connecticut_State_University/eC2qNHHf">Central Connecticut State University</a> (CCSU) began awarding the Sigrid Schultz Scholarship for Future Journalists, given to two undergraduate students each year who major in journalism.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> The scholarship is administered by <a href="/facts/TD_Bank,_N.A./HNrtoWEs">TD Bank, N.A.</a>, and the CCSU Foundation in partnership with the CCSU Department of Journalism. </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Nazi_Germany/8kRbqRpo">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/William_L._Shirer/baLds99A">William L. Shirer</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Martha_Dodd/PoyTfdRn">Martha Dodd</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/William_E._Dodd/zdFXzl1h">William E. Dodd</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Bella_Fromm/z6nk7XLV">Bella Fromm</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mildred_Harnack/XyTGKH3x">Mildred Harnack</a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/In_the_Garden_of_Beasts:_Love,_Terror,_and_an_American_Family_in_Hitler%27s_Berlin/ICsP7ArE">In the Garden of Beasts: Love, Terror, and an American Family in Hitler's Berlin</a></i></li></ul> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h2 id="sources">Sources</h2> <ul><li>^ Levenda, Peter (1995). <i>Unholy Alliance</i>. New York: Avon Books.</li> <li>^ Schultz, Sigrid (1944). <i>Germany Will Try It Again</i>. New York: Reynal & Hitchcock.</li> <li>^ Shirer, William L. (1941). <a href="https://archive.org/details/berlindiaryjourn00shir"><i>Berlin Diary: The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent 1934-1941</i></a>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.</li> <li>^ Tetens, T.H. (1961). <i>The New Germany and the Old Nazis</i>. New York: Random House. LCN 61-7240.</li> <li>^ Wechsberg, Glenn (1967). <a href="https://archive.org/details/murderersamongus00wies"><i>The Murderers Among Us: Simon Wiesenthal Memoirs</i></a>. New York: McGraw-Hill.</li> <li>^ Wendt, Lloyd (1979). <a href="https://archive.org/details/chicagotribuneri00wend"><i>Chicago Tribune</i></a>. Chicago: Rand McNally. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-528-81826-0.</li></ul> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Mackrell, Judith (2023). <i>The Correspondents: Six Women Writers on the Front Lines of World War II</i>. US: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9780593471159.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Pamela_D._Toler/Ev5mKUG1">Toler, Pamela D.</a> (2024). <i>The Dragon from Chicago: The Untold Story of an American Reporter in Nazi Germany</i>. US: Beacon Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9780807063125.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.ajr.org/Article.asp?id=1527">Article about women reporters in <i>American Journalism Review</i></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060519120628/http://www.harpercollins.com/global_scripts/product_catalog/book_xml.asp?isbn=0060958391&tc=cx">Excerpt from <i>The Women Who Wrote the War</i> (Harper-Collins)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.otr.com/schultz.html">Old Time Radio article about Sigrid Schultz</a></li> <li><a href="http://wisconsinhistory.org/whi/feature/angora/about.asp">About Sigrid Schultz</a> - Biography of war correspondent Sigrid Schultz in <i>"Angora: Rabbit Raising in German Concentration Camps,"</i> an online image gallery documenting the SS <a href="/facts/Angora_project/As4KI4cS">Angora project</a>. Available on Wisconsin Historical Images, the Wisconsin Historical Society's online image database.</li> <li><a href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?539242-1/qa-pamela-toler"><i>Q&A</i> interview with Pamela Toler on <i>The Dragon from Chicago</i>, October 27, 2024</a>, <a href="/facts/C-SPAN/MdgMU5eM">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Consulate of the United States of America (Berlin). "Emergency Passport Application for Sigrid Schultz" (May 4, 1921) [Scan of original document]. U.S., Passport Applications, 1795-1925, Series: Applications for Certicate (sic) of Identity U.S. Citizens in Germany, File: 1920-1921: Volume 002 (May 1921-Nov 1921), p. 55. Lehi, Utah: Ancestry.com. <a href="https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1174/images/32299_1220705228_0223-00056" target="_blank">https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1174/images/32299_1220705228_0223-00056</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Also according to the Wisconsin Historical Society.[citation needed] <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Historical_Society" target="_blank">/wiki/Wisconsin_Historical_Society</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Announcing The Sigrid Schultz Scholarship for Future Journalists," Connecticut SPJ (November 11, 2014). <a href="http://connecticutspj.org/ccsu-announces-journalism-scholarship-program/" target="_blank">http://connecticutspj.org/ccsu-announces-journalism-scholarship-program/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Consulate of the United States of America (Berlin). "Emergency Passport Application for Sigrid Schultz" (May 4, 1921) [Scan of original document]. U.S., Passport Applications, 1795-1925, Series: Applications for Certicate (sic) of Identity U.S. Citizens in Germany, File: 1920-1921: Volume 002 (May 1921-Nov 1921), p. 55. Lehi, Utah: Ancestry.com. <a href="https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1174/images/32299_1220705228_0223-00056" target="_blank">https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1174/images/32299_1220705228_0223-00056</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Hosley, David H.; Yamada, Gayle K.; Yamada, Gayle (1987). Hard News: Women in Broadcast Journalism. ABC-CLIO. pp. 6–7. ISBN 9780313254772. Retrieved 20 May 2018. <a href="9780313254772" target="_blank">9780313254772</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Mackrell, J. (2021). Going with the Boys: Six Extraordinary Women Writing from the Front Line, United Kingdom: Pan Macmillan, p. 12-13. <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Consulate of the United States of America (Berlin). "Emergency Passport Application for Sigrid Schultz" (May 4, 1921) [Scan of original document]. U.S., Passport Applications, 1795-1925, Series: Applications for Certicate (sic) of Identity U.S. Citizens in Germany, File: 1920-1921: Volume 002 (May 1921-Nov 1921), p. 55. Lehi, Utah: Ancestry.com. <a href="https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1174/images/32299_1220705228_0223-00056" target="_blank">https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1174/images/32299_1220705228_0223-00056</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Edwards, Julia (September 11, 1988). "Dragon Lady". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018. <a href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/1988/09/11/dragon-lady-2/" target="_blank">https://www.chicagotribune.com/1988/09/11/dragon-lady-2/</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Mackrell, J. (2021). Going with the Boys: Six Extraordinary Women Writing from the Front Line, United Kingdom: Pan Macmillan, p. 13. <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>'Sigrid Schultz, 87, Hitler's Enemy', Overseas Press Club Bulletin, Vol. 35, No. 11, June 1, 1980, p. 1-2. <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Edwards, Julia (September 11, 1988). "Dragon Lady". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018. <a href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/1988/09/11/dragon-lady-2/" target="_blank">https://www.chicagotribune.com/1988/09/11/dragon-lady-2/</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Schultz, Germany Will Try It Again, p. viii. <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Schultz, p.viii. <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"Sigrid Schultz is dead; early Berlin correspondent". Chicago Tribune. Illinois, Chicago. May 17, 1980. p. Section 3–19. Retrieved May 19, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20212857/sigrid_schultz/" target="_blank">https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20212857/sigrid_schultz/</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"Sigrid Schultz is dead; early Berlin correspondent". Chicago Tribune. Illinois, Chicago. May 17, 1980. p. Section 3–19. Retrieved May 19, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20212857/sigrid_schultz/" target="_blank">https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20212857/sigrid_schultz/</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>'Sigrid Schultz, 87, Hitler's Enemy', Overseas Press Club Bulletin, Vol. 35, No. 11, June 1, 1980, p. 1-2. <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Sorel, Nancy Caldwell (2011). The Women Who Wrote the War: The Riveting Saga of World War II's Daredevil Women and Correspondents. Skyhorse. ISBN 9781628721157. Retrieved 20 May 2018. <a href="9781628721157" target="_blank">9781628721157</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>'Sigrid Schultz, 87, Hitler's Enemy', Overseas Press Club Bulletin, Vol. 35, No. 11, June 1, 1980, p. 1-2. <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>'Sigrid Schultz, 87, Hitler's Enemy', Overseas Press Club Bulletin, Vol. 35, No. 11, June 1, 1980, p. 1-2. <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>"Mutual-WTJS Give Complete War Coverage". The Jackson Sun. Tennessee, Jackson. April 14, 1940. p. 26. Retrieved May 19, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20213413/sigrid_schultz/" target="_blank">https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20213413/sigrid_schultz/</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Hosley, David H.; Yamada, Gayle K.; Yamada, Gayle (1987). Hard News: Women in Broadcast Journalism. ABC-CLIO. pp. 6–7. ISBN 9780313254772. Retrieved 20 May 2018. <a href="9780313254772" target="_blank">9780313254772</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>William L. Shirer (1984). The Nightmare Years, Boston: Little, Brown. Page 259. <a href="/wiki/Little,_Brown" target="_blank">/wiki/Little,_Brown</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>Hosley, David H.; Yamada, Gayle K.; Yamada, Gayle (1987). Hard News: Women in Broadcast Journalism. ABC-CLIO. pp. 6–7. ISBN 9780313254772. Retrieved 20 May 2018. <a href="9780313254772" target="_blank">9780313254772</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>Butcher, Fanny (January 23, 1944). "Sigrid Schultz Tells Plan for New War". Chicago Tribune. Illinois, Chicago. p. 114. Retrieved May 19, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20212582/sigrid_schultz/" target="_blank">https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20212582/sigrid_schultz/</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>"Sigrid Schultz is dead; early Berlin correspondent". Chicago Tribune. Illinois, Chicago. May 17, 1980. p. Section 3–19. Retrieved May 19, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20212857/sigrid_schultz/" target="_blank">https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20212857/sigrid_schultz/</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>Detailed in the writings of Glenn Infield, Joseph Wechsberg, and Simon Wiesenthal. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wechsberg" target="_blank">/wiki/Joseph_Wechsberg</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>Infield, Glenn (1981). The Secrets of the SS. New York: Stein and Day. pp. 245–246. <a href="https://archive.org/details/transactionsand04unkngoog" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/transactionsand04unkngoog</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>Schultz, pp. 2, 203. <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>"Sigrid Schultz is dead; early Berlin correspondent". Chicago Tribune. Illinois, Chicago. May 17, 1980. p. Section 3–19. Retrieved May 19, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20212857/sigrid_schultz/" target="_blank">https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20212857/sigrid_schultz/</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>"Sigrid Schultz Papers, 1835-1980". Wisconsin Historical Society. Archived from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180520011148/http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=wiarchives;cc=wiarchives;view=text;rgn=main;didno=uw-whs-mss00677" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180520011148/http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=wiarchives;cc=wiarchives;view=text;rgn=main;didno=uw-whs-mss00677</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>"Announcing The Sigrid Schultz Scholarship for Future Journalists," Connecticut SPJ (November 11, 2014). <a href="http://connecticutspj.org/ccsu-announces-journalism-scholarship-program/" target="_blank">http://connecticutspj.org/ccsu-announces-journalism-scholarship-program/</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>