Climate emergency declaration

<h2 id="terminology">Terminology</h2>
For further discussion regarding terminology, see <a href="/facts/Climate_crisis/b4J1LBsB">Climate crisis § Alternative terminology</a>.

Climate emergency as a term was used in protests against climate change before 2010 (e.g. the "Climate-Emergency-Rally" in Melbourne in June 2009<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a>). In 2017 the city council of Darebin adopted multiple measures named "Darebin Climate Emergency Plan". On 4 December 2018, the <a href="/facts/Club_of_Rome/v8hnwuNF">Club of Rome</a> presented their "Climate Emergency Plan", which included 10 high-priority measures to limit global warming.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a> With the rise of movements like <a href="/facts/Extinction_Rebellion/HfRU9wlI">Extinction Rebellion</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a> and <a href="/facts/School_Strike_for_Climate/7l2LmrWf">School Strike for Climate</a>, the concern has been picked up by various governments.
Multiple European cities and communities who declared a climate emergency are simultaneously members of the Klima-Bündnis (German for climate alliance), which obligates them to lower their CO2 emissions by 10% every five years.
<a href="/facts/Oxford_English_Dictionary/qaxKX8Bc">Oxford Dictionary</a> chose climate emergency as the word of the year for 2019 and defines the term as "a situation in which urgent action is required to reduce or halt climate change and avoid potentially irreversible environmental damage resulting from it." Usage of the term soared more than 10,000% between September 2018 and September 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a>

<h2 id="history">History</h2>

<h3>Early stages</h3>
Encouraged by the campaigners behind a Climate Emergency Declaration petition, which had been launched in Australia in May 2016, the first governmental declaration of a climate emergency in the world was put forward by Tod Smith, an <a href="/facts/Australian_Greens_Victoria/IIE9auPf">Australian Greens</a> Councillor at the City of <a href="/facts/Darebin/nU575Q5D">Darebin</a> in Melbourne, Australia. The city declared a climate emergency on 5 December 2016.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a> In August 2017, Darebin decided upon a catalogue of actions in a "Darebin Climate Emergency Plan".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a> Darebin's declaration was followed by <a href="/facts/Hoboken%2c_New_Jersey/uP3H5rYU">Hoboken</a> in <a href="/facts/New_Jersey/pI5k19S7">New Jersey</a> and <a href="/facts/Berkeley%2c_California/WBVjzd5l">Berkeley, California</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a>
Hearing of these developments in 2018, UK <a href="/facts/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales/C7B1mApM">Green Party</a> politician <a href="/facts/Carla_Denyer/oTj6TlcL">Carla Denyer</a>, then a member of <a href="/facts/Bristol_City_Council/o8BGTsXz">Bristol City Council</a>, took the lead role in bringing about <a href="/facts/Bristol_City_Council/o8BGTsXz">Bristol City Council</a>'s declaration of a climate emergency.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a> This was the first such declaration by in Europe, and has been widely credited as a breakthrough moment for cities and national parliaments beginning to declare climate emergency.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a> Denyer's motion was described in the UK newspaper <a href="/facts/The_Independent/g1P75Mfz">The Independent</a> as 'the historic first motion' which by July 2019 had been 'copied by more than 400 local authorities and parliaments'.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a>

On 28 April 2019, Nate Griffith, First Minister of the <a href="/facts/Scottish_Government/ettgIz7G">Scottish Government</a>, declared a climate emergency at the <a href="/facts/Scottish_National_Party/szB9zEcs">SNP</a> conference; the Climate Change (Emissions Reduction Targets) (Scotland) Act was passed on 25 September 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a> The following day, the <a href="/facts/Welsh_Government/WkRLquvy">Welsh Government</a> declared a climate emergency, which was subsequently passed by its parliament, the Senedd, on 1 May 2019, when it became the first in the world to officially declare a climate emergency.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a> The <a href="/facts/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom/7bFbPI9g">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> followed later that afternoon.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a>

<h3>Subsequent developments</h3>
<a href="/facts/Pope_Francis/F2uNhKC9">Pope Francis</a> declared a climate emergency in June 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a> The Pope also called for a "radical <a href="/facts/Energy_transition/KkjfUN7L">energy transition</a>" away from fossil fuels towards renewable energy sources, and urged leaders to "hear the increasingly desperate cries of the earth and its poor."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a> He also argued against "the continued search for new fossil fuel reserves" and stated that "fossil fuels should remain underground."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a>
On 10 July 2019, networks representing more than 7,000 higher and further education institutions from six continents announced that they are declaring a Climate Emergency, and agreed to undertake a three-point plan to address the crisis through their work with students.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a> Some statements were criticized for not including specific measures.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a>
In June 2019, Councillor Trent McCarthy of the City of <a href="/facts/Darebin_City/nU575Q5D">Darebin</a> brought together councillors and parliamentarians in Australia and around the world for two <a href="https://www.eventbrite.com.au/e/developing-effective-local-government-climate-emergency-response-registration-62246244192#">online link-ups</a> to connect the work of climate emergency-declared councils and governments. Following these link-ups and <a href="https://www.governmentnews.com.au/aussie-councils-form-nation-first-climate-alliance/">a successful motion at the National General Assembly of Local Government</a>, McCarthy announced the formation of <a href="https://www.governmentnews.com.au/aussie-councils-form-nation-first-climate-alliance/">Climate Emergency Australia</a>, a new network of Australian governments and councils advocating for a climate emergency response.
Representative <a href="/facts/Earl_Blumenauer/BcqtRkAp">Earl Blumenauer</a> of Oregon believes the US government should declare a climate emergency.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a> Blumenauer's proposed legislation is supported by 2020 US presidential candidate and Senator <a href="/facts/Bernie_Sanders/MjDFDSVY">Bernie Sanders</a>, as well as Congresswoman <a href="/facts/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez/sDYwAptX">Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a>
In 2019, according to an eight-country poll, a majority of the public recognise the climate crisis as an "emergency" and say politicians are failing to tackle the problem, backing the interests of <a href="/facts/Big_Oil/7tfvbHtV">Big Oil</a> over the wellbeing of ordinary people. The survey found that climate breakdown is viewed as the most important issue facing the world in seven out of the eight countries surveyed.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a>
In September 2019, the <a href="/facts/Australian_Medical_Association/UmShqQqV">Australian Medical Association</a> officially declared climate change a public health emergency.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a> The AMA noted that climate change will cause "higher mortality and morbidity from heat stress, injury and mortality from increasingly severe weather events; increases in the transmission of vector-borne diseases; food insecurity resulting from declines in agricultural outputs; [and] a higher incidence of mental-ill health."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a> The AMA has called on the Australian Government to adopt a carbon budget; reduce emissions; and transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy, among other proposals to mitigate the <a href="/facts/Health_impacts_of_climate_change/11Xmvu7N">health impacts of climate change</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a> Younger generations are putting extra attention on the effects of climate change, which could help lower the number of climate emergencies.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a>
The <a href="/facts/Australian_Greens/Huf8kqPz">Australian Greens Party</a> have called on the federal Parliament to declare a climate emergency. Greens MP for Melbourne, <a href="/facts/Adam_Bandt/Af9AwIYA">Adam Bandt</a>, welcomed the UK Parliament's declaration of a climate emergency and argued that Australia should follow their lead.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a> In October 2019, an official e-petition to the Australian Parliament, calling for the declaration of a climate emergency, received more than 400,000 signatories.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50">50</a> This is the single most popular online Parliamentary petition in Australia.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51">51</a> Former federal <a href="/facts/Liberal_Party_of_Australia/st2oeqFy">Liberal</a> Party leader <a href="/facts/John_Hewson/8qyvDdjm">John Hewson</a> has publicly urged for a conscience vote in the Parliament on the climate emergency, despite the Liberal Party's current position on climate change.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52">52</a> He also stated that "it was an emergency 30 years ago".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53">53</a>
In October 2019, the <a href="/facts/Australian_Labor_Party/NMNKMoko">Australian Labor Party</a> supported the Greens Party's policy to declare a climate emergency, however the proposition failed with the rejection of the Morrison Government.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54">54</a> The motion was supported by independent members <a href="/facts/Zali_Steggall/blCJPGkI">Zali Steggall</a>, <a href="/facts/Helen_Haines/Pph9cyKf">Helen Haines</a> and <a href="/facts/Andrew_Wilkie/pqhLCWzt">Andrew Wilkie</a>, as well as <a href="/facts/Centre_Alliance/KxVQj4bd">Centre Alliance</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55">55</a>
On 5 November 2019, the journal <a href="/facts/BioScience/9HYkCgqe">BioScience</a> published an article endorsed by a further 11,000 scientists from 153 nations, that states there is a global Climate Emergency ("We declare clearly and unequivocally that planet Earth is facing a climate emergency") and that the world's people face "untold suffering due to the climate crisis" unless there are major transformations to global society.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56">56</a> On 28 July 2021, BioScience published another article, stating, that more than 2,800 additional scientists have signed that declaration; and that in addition, 1,990 jurisdictions in 34 countries have formally declared or recognized a climate emergency.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57">57</a>
In November 2019, the <a href="/facts/Oxford_Dictionaries_(website)/kfecTBwv">Oxford Dictionaries</a> made the term climate emergency <a href="/facts/Word_of_the_year/S9CaSbI4">word of the year</a>.
On 14–15 February 2020 the first National Climate Emergency Summit was held at the city hall in Melbourne, Australia. It was a sold-out event with 2,000 attendees and 100 speakers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58">58</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59">59</a>
In December 2020, <a href="/facts/New_Zealand/4mpSlJdg">New Zealand</a> declared a climate emergency.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60">60</a> After winning reelection, Prime Minister <a href="/facts/Jacinda_Ardern/bTuIfgfG">Jacinda Ardern</a>'s majority <a href="/facts/New_Zealand_Labour_Party/bXs2fFHe">Labour</a> government invited the <a href="/facts/New_Zealand_Green_Party/dHNAGaKf">Greens</a> to participate in a "cooperation agreement", and worked with the Minister for Climate <a href="/facts/James_Shaw_(New_Zealand_politician)/3eGrA2N7">James Shaw</a> in declaring a climate emergency.
As of September 2022, seven years after the <a href="/facts/Paris_Agreement/hfIXBN1W">Paris Agreement</a>, at least 15 countries have already declared a state of climate emergency, including Japan and New Zealand. (Note: The fact that councils in 34 countries have declared is not the same as that these countries' national governments have declared.) The <a href="/facts/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations/2nNU9WMu">Secretary-General of the United Nations</a> <a href="/facts/Ant%25C3%25B3nio_Guterres/j7h4N7z9">António Guterres</a> has urged all other countries to declare climate emergencies until <a href="/facts/Carbon_neutrality/llsAknfI">carbon neutrality</a> is reached.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61">61</a> Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, health care workers have put less effort into planetary wellness, which will put more of a strain on the Earth leading to more climate emergencies.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62">62</a>
In September 2021, <a href="/facts/Mauritius/lVUARna5">Mauritius</a> joined the list of countries calling for a State of Climate Emergency. The recommendation was made by the National Youth Environment (NYEC) Chairperson, Dr. Zaheer Allam, and announced by the Environment Minister, Kavy Ramano, after the first sitting of the Interministerial Council on Climate Change.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63">63</a> A novel approach has been introduced which involves analyzing past societies and how they have dealt with other types of disasters.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64">64</a>

<h2 id="recent-development-list-of-countries-and-dependencies">Recent development: list of countries and dependencies</h2>
<h3>Parliamentary or Government declaration</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Scotland/VGwbbxB2">Scotland</a> (28 April 2019 – Nicola Sturgeon)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65">65</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Wales/xa3W6PHH">Wales</a> (29 April 2019 – Parliament)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66">66</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2">United Kingdom</a> (1 May 2019 – Parliament)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67">67</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Jersey/3lBLWgpg">Jersey</a> (2 May 2019)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68">68</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Republic_of_Ireland/k8JzXVze">Republic of Ireland</a> (9 May 2019)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69">69</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Isle_of_Man/HG7bYyA8">Isle of Man</a> (10 May 2019 – Government, 18 June 2019 – Parliament)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70">70</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Portugal/lYzwDQ63">Portugal</a> (7 June 2019)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71">71</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72">72</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Holy_See/7tK8AceC">Holy See</a> (June 2019)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73">73</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Canada/D5P9yqs6">Canada</a> (17 June 2019)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74">74</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75">75</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76">76</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a> (27 June 2019)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77">77</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Argentina/aFSA5bAk">Argentina</a> (17 July 2019)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78">78</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79">79</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Spain/bIyrB8EY">Spain</a> (17 September 2019 – Parliament, 21 January 2020 – Government)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80">80</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81">81</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82">82</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Austria/4qWIMIyc">Austria</a> (25 September 2019)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83">83</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Malta/FsqM3M37">Malta</a> (22 October 2019)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84">84</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Bangladesh/NXk4f78Y">Bangladesh</a> (13 November 2019)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85">85</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF">Italy</a> (12 December 2019)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86">86</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Andorra/VItvtXBe">Andorra</a> (23 January 2020)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87">87</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Maldives/sC2HeXby">Maldives</a> (12 February 2020)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88">88</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/South_Korea/pCobAaVw">South Korea</a> (24 September 2020)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89">89</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a> (20 November 2020)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90">90</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/New_Zealand/4mpSlJdg">New Zealand</a> (2 December 2020)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91">91</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Singapore/CQDkhUvD">Singapore</a> (1 February 2021)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92">92</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93">93</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Hawaii/ImxFefeK">Hawaii</a> (29 April 2021 – State Legislature)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94">94</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Mauritius/lVUARna5">Mauritius</a> (28 September 2021)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95">95</a></li></ul>
<h3>European Union member states</h3>
On 28 November 2019, the <a href="/facts/European_Parliament/H9WLUd1r">European Parliament</a> declared a climate emergency.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:96" href="#fn:96">96</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:97" href="#fn:97">97</a> The EU represented at that date <a href="/facts/Member_state_of_the_European_Union/hsFC1pJH">28 member states</a>: <a href="/facts/Austria/4qWIMIyc">Austria</a>, <a href="/facts/Belgium/YKuMXP5j">Belgium</a>, <a href="/facts/Bulgaria/Er5pY3YS">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/facts/Croatia/MSS0yyvw">Croatia</a>, <a href="/facts/Cyprus/t9wL6lVK">Cyprus</a>, <a href="/facts/Czech_Republic/vJYLD66Q">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/facts/Denmark/KVtykzsw">Denmark</a>, <a href="/facts/Estonia/PVjB16TI">Estonia</a>, <a href="/facts/Finland/G5Ak6T91">Finland</a>, <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a>, <a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX">Germany</a>, <a href="/facts/Greece/lqHw8bTB">Greece</a>, <a href="/facts/Hungary/YRedQLtI">Hungary</a>, <a href="/facts/Ireland/35vYxXdP">Ireland</a>, <a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF">Italy</a>, <a href="/facts/Latvia/y2PSa8lx">Latvia</a>, <a href="/facts/Lithuania/dApVjLWW">Lithuania</a>, <a href="/facts/Luxembourg/vRN04l7f">Luxembourg</a>, <a href="/facts/Malta/FsqM3M37">Malta</a>, <a href="/facts/Netherlands/y8xn5stT">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/facts/Poland/eXJ7fd0D">Poland</a>, <a href="/facts/Portugal/lYzwDQ63">Portugal</a>, <a href="/facts/Romania/yolzk5cN">Romania</a>, <a href="/facts/Slovakia/gmJwpwM3">Slovakia</a>, <a href="/facts/Slovenia/EcYU22W4">Slovenia</a>, <a href="/facts/Spain/bIyrB8EY">Spain</a>, <a href="/facts/Sweden/u3qC7lyj">Sweden</a> and the <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2">United Kingdom</a>.

<h2 id="countries-and-jurisdictions-that-have-declared-a-climate-emergency">Countries and jurisdictions that have declared a Climate Emergency</h2>

There is currently not any established international body keeping a record of which jurisdictions have declared a climate emergency. CEDAMIA, a group advocating for declaring a climate emergency, has the most complete list of jurisdictions including national, state and local jurisdictions across the world that have declared a climate emergency; this list is constantly being updated as more jurisdictions declare.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:98" href="#fn:98">98</a>

  Navigation  -  select the first letter of the country or territory:  A B C D E F G H I J L M N P R S U V

<table><tbody><tr><th>Country/Territory</th><th>Declared a Climate Emergency</th><th>Notes</th></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Australia/qLHpbppq">Australia</a></td><td>Partial</td><td>Main article: <a href="/facts/Climate_emergency_declarations_in_Australia/F0765QEU">Climate emergency declarations in Australia</a>The Federal Parliament of Australia has voted against declaring a climate emergency.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:99" href="#fn:99">99</a> However, numerous state and local jurisdictions in Australia have declared a climate emergency, most notably, <a href="/facts/South_Australia/R7UdxV97">South Australia</a> (September 2019),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:100" href="#fn:100">100</a> <a href="/facts/Darebin/nU575Q5D">Darebin</a> (5 December 2016),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:101" href="#fn:101">101</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:102" href="#fn:102">102</a> <a href="/facts/Melbourne/EHY9YxI0">Melbourne</a> (June 2019),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:103" href="#fn:103">103</a> <a href="/facts/Sydney/8TegRcwB">Sydney</a> (June 2019),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:104" href="#fn:104">104</a> <a href="/facts/Adelaide/H2Ilhpbt">Adelaide</a> (August 2019),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:105" href="#fn:105">105</a> and more than 17 towns (30 April 2019).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:106" href="#fn:106">106</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:107" href="#fn:107">107</a> Australia Prime Minister Anthony Albanese has declared a climate emergency in the Pacific in 2022, after the meeting with regional leaders in Fiji at the Pacific Islands Forum. <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:108" href="#fn:108">108</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Austria/4qWIMIyc">Austria</a></td><td>Yes+ Member EU-CED</td><td>The National Government in <a href="/facts/Austria/4qWIMIyc">Austria</a> declared a climate emergency on 25 September 2019. Additionally, some local jurisdictions have declared a climate emergency, most notably the towns and municipalities <a href="/facts/Michaelerberg-Pruggern/9C9CI7XQ">Michaelerberg-Pruggern</a> (13 June 2019),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:109" href="#fn:109">109</a> <a href="/facts/Perchtoldsdorf/Ncvlnk1Y">Perchtoldsdorf</a> (18 June 2019),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:110" href="#fn:110">110</a> <a href="/facts/Traiskirchen/1l3zLXw3">Traiskirchen</a> (24 June 2019),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:111" href="#fn:111">111</a> <a href="/facts/Steyregg/FnxaFQgu">Steyregg</a> (4 July 2019)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:112" href="#fn:112">112</a> and the state <a href="/facts/Vorarlberg/ggqcFczh">Vorarlberg</a> (4 July 2019).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:113" href="#fn:113">113</a> Austria is also a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:114" href="#fn:114">114</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Bangladesh/NXk4f78Y">Bangladesh</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>The Bangladesh Parliament declared a "Planetary Emergency" on 13 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:115" href="#fn:115">115</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:116" href="#fn:116">116</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Belgium/YKuMXP5j">Belgium</a></td><td>Partial+ Member EU-CED</td><td>The National Government in <a href="/facts/Belgium/YKuMXP5j">Belgium</a> has not declared a climate emergency. However, some local jurisdictions have declared a climate emergency, most notably, the city of <a href="/facts/City_of_Brussels/qxGDUmq6">Brussels</a> (23 September 2019).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:117" href="#fn:117">117</a> Belgium is also a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:118" href="#fn:118">118</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL">Brazil</a></td><td>Partial</td><td>The National Government has not declared a climate emergency in <a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL">Brazil</a>. However, a number of local jurisdictions have declared a climate emergency including the city of <a href="/facts/Recife/mQ8gf1QL">Recife</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:119" href="#fn:119">119</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Bulgaria/Er5pY3YS">Bulgaria</a></td><td>Partial+ Member EU-CED</td><td>Bulgaria is a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:120" href="#fn:120">120</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Canada/D5P9yqs6">Canada</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>The National Government declared a climate emergency in June 2019. Additionally, 384 local jurisdictions in Canada have declared a climate emergency.</td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Chile/uEyTfEcx">Chile</a></td><td>Partial</td><td>The National Government of <a href="/facts/Chile/uEyTfEcx">Chile</a> has not declared a climate emergency. However, local jurisdictions such as the city of <a href="/facts/Hualp%25C3%25A9n/Dx0XDvIR">Hualpén</a> have declared a climate emergency.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:121" href="#fn:121">121</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Colombia/nl7r8Q2u">Colombia</a></td><td>Partial</td><td>The National Government of <a href="/facts/Colombia/nl7r8Q2u">Colombia</a> has not declared a climate emergency. However, local jurisdictions such as <a href="/facts/Bogot%25C3%25A1/d0u4M1AR">Bogotá</a> have declared a climate emergency.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:122" href="#fn:122">122</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Croatia/MSS0yyvw">Croatia</a></td><td>Partial+ Member EU-CED</td><td>Croatia is a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:123" href="#fn:123">123</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Cyprus/t9wL6lVK">Cyprus</a></td><td>Partial+ Member EU-CED</td><td>Cyprus is a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:124" href="#fn:124">124</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Czech_Republic/vJYLD66Q">Czech Republic</a></td><td>Partial+ Member EU-CED</td><td>The National Government of the Czech Republic has not declared a climate emergency. However, local jurisdictions such as <a href="/facts/Prague_6/fI3pVn4Q">Prague 6</a> (13 June 2019)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:125" href="#fn:125">125</a> and <a href="/facts/Prague_7/3Y3CBPNa">Prague 7</a> (22 May 2019)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:126" href="#fn:126">126</a> have declared a climate emergency. Czech Republic is also a member state in the European Union, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:127" href="#fn:127">127</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Denmark/KVtykzsw">Denmark</a></td><td>Partial+ Member EU-CED</td><td>Denmark is a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:128" href="#fn:128">128</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Estonia/PVjB16TI">Estonia</a></td><td>Partial+ Member EU-CED</td><td>Estonia is a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:129" href="#fn:129">129</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Finland/G5Ak6T91">Finland</a></td><td>Partial+ Member EU-CED</td><td>The National Government of <a href="/facts/Finland/G5Ak6T91">Finland</a> has not endorsed a climate emergency. However, local jurisdictions such as the City of Helsinki in <a href="/facts/Finland/G5Ak6T91">Finland</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:130" href="#fn:130">130</a> have called a climate emergency. Finland is a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:131" href="#fn:131">131</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a></td><td>Yes+ Member EU-CED</td><td>France declared a climate emergency on 27 June 2019. Additionally, some local jurisdictions such as <a href="/facts/Mulhouse/tevjgCps">Mulhouse</a> (9 May 2019)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:132" href="#fn:132">132</a> and <a href="/facts/Paris/DrNHpwnA">Paris</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:133" href="#fn:133">133</a> have declared a climate emergency. France is also a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:134" href="#fn:134">134</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX">Germany</a></td><td>Partial+ Member EU-CED</td><td>The National Government of <a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX">Germany</a> has not endorsed a climate emergency. However, 68 towns, among others <a href="/facts/Konstanz/KB7VrYXX">Konstanz</a>, <a href="/facts/Heidelberg/jfbzRTo0">Heidelberg</a>, <a href="/facts/Kiel/77oB2pHt">Kiel</a>, <a href="/facts/M%25C3%25BCnster/Lt1CxlRT">Münster</a>, <a href="/facts/Erlangen/rsTkdwDp">Erlangen</a>, <a href="/facts/Bochum/fMKgcuJK">Bochum</a>, <a href="/facts/Aachen/dD9LBC5g">Aachen</a>, <a href="/facts/Saarbr%25C3%25BCcken/0PnbwXz9">Saarbrücken</a>, <a href="/facts/Wiesbaden/g1V2bWhq">Wiesbaden</a>, <a href="/facts/Leverkusen/39rBxFVf">Leverkusen</a>, <a href="/facts/Marburg/XSAjT1NP">Marburg</a>, <a href="/facts/D%25C3%25BCsseldorf/twteRHCh">Düsseldorf</a>, <a href="/facts/Bonn/eCSu8vB1">Bonn</a>, <a href="/facts/Cologne/U2qmyGga">Cologne</a>, <a href="/facts/Karlsruhe/2unoefIC">Karlsruhe</a>, <a href="/facts/Potsdam/d9nRjMzn">Potsdam</a>, <a href="/facts/Berlin/pMTIRNXK">Berlin</a>, <a href="/facts/Leipzig/KIqgMgLN">Leipzig</a> and <a href="/facts/Munich/Pr6zw2ev">Munich</a> have.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:135" href="#fn:135">135</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:136" href="#fn:136">136</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:137" href="#fn:137">137</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:138" href="#fn:138">138</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:139" href="#fn:139">139</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:140" href="#fn:140">140</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:141" href="#fn:141">141</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:142" href="#fn:142">142</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:143" href="#fn:143">143</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:144" href="#fn:144">144</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:145" href="#fn:145">145</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:146" href="#fn:146">146</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:147" href="#fn:147">147</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:148" href="#fn:148">148</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:149" href="#fn:149">149</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:150" href="#fn:150">150</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:151" href="#fn:151">151</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:152" href="#fn:152">152</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:153" href="#fn:153">153</a> Germany is also a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:154" href="#fn:154">154</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Greece/lqHw8bTB">Greece</a></td><td>Partial+ Member EU-CED</td><td>Greece is a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:155" href="#fn:155">155</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Hungary/YRedQLtI">Hungary</a></td><td>Partial+ Member EU-CED</td><td>The city of <a href="/facts/Budapest/VdcUAkxm">Budapest</a> declared a climate emergency in November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:156" href="#fn:156">156</a> Hungary is also a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:157" href="#fn:157">157</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Republic_of_Ireland/k8JzXVze">Ireland</a></td><td>Yes+ Member EU-CED</td><td>Ireland declared a climate emergency on 9 May 2019. Ireland is also a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:158" href="#fn:158">158</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF">Italy</a></td><td>Yes+ Member EU-CED</td><td>Italy has declared a climate emergency; additionally, 28 local jurisdictions have, including <a href="/facts/Acri/Kkyagrr1">Acri</a> (29 April 2019),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:159" href="#fn:159">159</a> the town of <a href="/facts/Milano/0xrtbPdt">Milano</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:160" href="#fn:160">160</a> the <a href="/facts/Metropolitan_City_of_Naples/FKyNeYI5">Metropolitan City of Naples</a> (May 2019)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:161" href="#fn:161">161</a> and the town of <a href="/facts/Lucca/DDc1cTB6">Lucca</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:162" href="#fn:162">162</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:163" href="#fn:163">163</a> Italy is also a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:164" href="#fn:164">164</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>The National government of <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a> has declared a climate emergency. Additionally, a few local jurisdictions have including the prefecture of <a href="/facts/Nagano_Prefecture/S5lbg8hC">Nagano</a> (December 2019),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:165" href="#fn:165">165</a> the cities of <a href="/facts/Iki%2c_Nagasaki/noqX1fqu">Iki</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:166" href="#fn:166">166</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:167" href="#fn:167">167</a> and <a href="/facts/Kamakura%2c_Kanagawa/DMbqbBwC">Kamakura</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:168" href="#fn:168">168</a> have declared a climate emergency.</td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Latvia/y2PSa8lx">Latvia</a></td><td>Partial+ Member EU-CED</td><td>Latvia is a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:169" href="#fn:169">169</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Lithuania/dApVjLWW">Lithuania</a></td><td>Partial+ Member EU-CED</td><td>Lithuania is a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:170" href="#fn:170">170</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Luxembourg/vRN04l7f">Luxembourg</a></td><td>Partial+ Member EU-CED</td><td>Luxembourg is a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:171" href="#fn:171">171</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Maldives/sC2HeXby">Maldives</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>The Maldives Parliament declared a Climate Emergency on 12 February 2020.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:172" href="#fn:172">172</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:173" href="#fn:173">173</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Malta/FsqM3M37">Malta</a></td><td>Yes+ Member EU-CED</td><td>Malta is a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:174" href="#fn:174">174</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Mauritius/lVUARna5">Mauritius</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>Mauritius declared a state of climate emergency through its Interministerial Council on Climate Change on 29 September 2021, after the recommendation of Dr. Zaheer Allam from the National Youth Environment Council.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:175" href="#fn:175">175</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Netherlands/y8xn5stT">Netherlands</a></td><td>Partial+ Member EU-CED</td><td>The National Government of the <a href="/facts/Netherlands/y8xn5stT">Netherlands</a> has not declared a climate emergency. However, some local jurisdictions in the Netherlands such as the city of <a href="/facts/Amsterdam/Xdd393bz">Amsterdam</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:176" href="#fn:176">176</a> Utrecht, Haarlem and the island of <a href="/facts/Schouwen-Duiveland/tEITgPSf">Schouwen-Duiveland</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:177" href="#fn:177">177</a> have. The Netherlands is also a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:178" href="#fn:178">178</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/New_Zealand/4mpSlJdg">New Zealand</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>Main article: <a href="/facts/Climate_emergency_declarations_in_New_Zealand/6VbnNLVo">Climate emergency declarations in New Zealand</a>New Zealand declared a Climate Emergency on 2 December 2020. Many local jurisdictions in New Zealand/Aotearoa have also declared climate emergencies including <a href="/facts/Canterbury%2c_New_Zealand/QjdJMJAd">Canterbury</a> region,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:179" href="#fn:179">179</a> and the city of <a href="/facts/Nelson%2c_New_Zealand/hMvNKJUr">Nelson</a> (16 May 2019);<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:180" href="#fn:180">180</a> <a href="/facts/Auckland/wRcayHa2">Auckland</a> (11 June 2019);<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:181" href="#fn:181">181</a> and <a href="/facts/Wellington/tX6IT5oj">Wellington</a> (20 June 2019).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:182" href="#fn:182">182</a> See <a href="/facts/Climate_emergency_declarations_in_New_Zealand/6VbnNLVo">Climate emergency declarations in New Zealand</a>.</td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Norway/wlDRKRTR">Norway</a></td><td>Partial</td><td>There is no established tradition for declaring a crisis or emergency in Norway. The National Government of Norway has not declared a climate emergency, however the King, Prime Minister and Minister of Climate and Environment have repeatedly stated that the situation is a crisis.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:183" href="#fn:183">183</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:184" href="#fn:184">184</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:185" href="#fn:185">185</a> As of 2019, 33 counties and municipalities had declared emergency, but no policy could be linked to the declarations.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:186" href="#fn:186">186</a> Some counties and municipalities no longer exist due to a regional reorganisation in 2020.</td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Philippines/ARpmxXQV">Philippines</a></td><td>Partial</td><td>The National Government of <a href="/facts/Philippines/ARpmxXQV">Philippines</a> has not declared a climate emergency. However, some local jurisdictions in the Philippines such as the Province of <a href="/facts/Albay/Ja4Bvbq2">Albay</a> (2023),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:187" href="#fn:187">187</a> the City of <a href="/facts/Bacolod/zgXTRuFo">Bacolod</a> (2019),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:188" href="#fn:188">188</a> the City of <a href="/facts/Cebu_City/Pdwn1xgx">Cebu</a> (2019),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:189" href="#fn:189">189</a> the City of <a href="/facts/Makati/DDyb3FlS">Makati</a> (2022),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:190" href="#fn:190">190</a> the City of <a href="/facts/Quezon_City/YWBLFVWj">Quezon</a> (2019),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:191" href="#fn:191">191</a> the City of <a href="/facts/Tacloban/rUEVzNKY">Tacloban</a> (2019),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:192" href="#fn:192">192</a> and the Municipality of <a href="/facts/Bauang/3lgtv7vy">Bauang</a>, <a href="/facts/La_Union/Www7fXEH">La Union</a> (2024)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:193" href="#fn:193">193</a> have declared a climate emergency.</td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Poland/eXJ7fd0D">Poland</a></td><td>Partial+ Member EU-CED</td><td>The National Government of <a href="/facts/Poland/eXJ7fd0D">Poland</a> has not declared a climate emergency. However, local jurisdictions in Poland such as the cities of <a href="/facts/Warsaw/0cRqN3pw">Warsaw</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:194" href="#fn:194">194</a> and <a href="/facts/Krak%25C3%25B3w/hubj59IT">Kraków</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:195" href="#fn:195">195</a> have declared a climate emergency. Poland is also a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:196" href="#fn:196">196</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Portugal/lYzwDQ63">Portugal</a></td><td>Yes+ Member EU-CED</td><td>Portugal is a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:197" href="#fn:197">197</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Romania/yolzk5cN">Romania</a></td><td>Partial+ Member EU-CED</td><td>Romania is a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:198" href="#fn:198">198</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Singapore/CQDkhUvD">Singapore</a></td><td>Partial</td><td>The Government of <a href="/facts/Singapore/CQDkhUvD">Singapore</a> has not declared a climate emergency. However, the Parliament of Singapore declared on 1 February 2021 that "climate change is a global emergency" as part of a motion calling on the Government to "deepen and accelerate efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change, and to embrace sustainability in the development of Singapore". The declaration, originally stated as "That this House acknowledges a climate emergency", was first added by <a href="/facts/The_Workers%2527_Party_(Singapore)/kBWDYPvn">Workers' Party</a> MP <a href="/facts/Dennis_Tan/8rVxzARv">Dennis Tan</a> as an amendment to the <a href="/facts/People%2527s_Action_Party/eTrT5EuE">People's Action Party</a>'s original motion, which did not have the declaration. The declaration was then further amended by PAP MP <a href="/facts/Cheryl_Chan/oKWYdYdE">Cheryl Chan</a> to read "That this House acknowledges that climate change is a global emergency and a threat to mankind". The further amendment was accepted by the Worker's Party and passed by the House with universal support.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:199" href="#fn:199">199</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:200" href="#fn:200">200</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Slovakia/gmJwpwM3">Slovakia</a></td><td>Partial+ Member EU-CED</td><td>The National Government of <a href="/facts/Slovakia/gmJwpwM3">Slovakia</a> has not declared a climate emergency. However, local jurisdictions in Slovakia such as the city of <a href="/facts/Zlat%25C3%25A9_Moravce/kmQ4eq3N">Zlaté Moravce</a> (18 September 2019)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:201" href="#fn:201">201</a> have declared a climate emergency. Slovakia is also a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:202" href="#fn:202">202</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Slovenia/EcYU22W4">Slovenia</a></td><td>Partial+ Member EU-CED</td><td>Slovenia is a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:203" href="#fn:203">203</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/South_Korea/pCobAaVw">South Korea</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>The National Government of <a href="/facts/South_Korea/pCobAaVw">South Korea</a> has declared a climate emergency. Additionally several local jurisdictions in South Korea such as <a href="/facts/South_Chungcheong_Province/TPvMuAzd">South Chungcheong Province</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:204" href="#fn:204">204</a> the city of <a href="/facts/Incheon/U2mUEnlb">Incheon</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:205" href="#fn:205">205</a> the <a href="/facts/South_Gyeongsang_Province/g9dTG9W4">South Gyeongsang Province</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:206" href="#fn:206">206</a> the <a href="/facts/Gwangju/slEwWEM7">Gwangju</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:207" href="#fn:207">207</a> and every primary local government<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:208" href="#fn:208">208</a> has declared a climate emergency.</td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Spain/bIyrB8EY">Spain</a></td><td>Yes+ Member EU-CED</td><td>Both the National Government and the Parliament of <a href="/facts/Spain/bIyrB8EY">Spain</a> has declared a climate emergency. Additionally, local jurisdictions in Spain, such as the regions of <a href="/facts/Catalonia/p2KeGXbf">Catalonia</a> (7 May 2019),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:209" href="#fn:209">209</a> <a href="/facts/Euskadi/TMhgnsH3">Euskadi</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:210" href="#fn:210">210</a> <a href="/facts/Canary_Islands/7lfpqymu">Canary Islands</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:211" href="#fn:211">211</a> <a href="/facts/Balearic_Islands/zsbDICWA">Balearic Islands</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:212" href="#fn:212">212</a> and the cities of <a href="/facts/San_Crist%25C3%25B3bal_de_La_Laguna/hNJGEkb8">San Cristóbal de La Laguna</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:213" href="#fn:213">213</a> <a href="/facts/Seville/weWX4eIK">Seville</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:214" href="#fn:214">214</a> <a href="/facts/Castro_Urdiales/EK1oFDSX">Castro Urdiales</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:215" href="#fn:215">215</a> <a href="/facts/Zaragoza/HD8Jl4rQ">Zaragoza</a>, <a href="/facts/Salobre%25C3%25B1a/CuH5N4dX">Salobreña</a>, <a href="/facts/Lanzarote/9C8GJSts">Lanzarote</a>, <a href="/facts/El_Rosario%2c_Tenerife/APlP72Kx">El Rosario</a>, <a href="/facts/Puerto_de_la_Cruz/E4NRmTEm">Puerto de la Cruz</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:216" href="#fn:216">216</a> <a href="/facts/Sagunto/9126XXXH">Sagunto</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:217" href="#fn:217">217</a> <a href="/facts/Zamora%2c_Spain/Ch0lGop4">Zamora</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:218" href="#fn:218">218</a> <a href="/facts/Madrid/B63nL2DB">Madrid</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:219" href="#fn:219">219</a> <a href="/facts/Barcelona/8PWLdRbW">Barcelona</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:220" href="#fn:220">220</a> and <a href="/facts/Tomelloso/pylvkqD5">Tomelloso</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:221" href="#fn:221">221</a> have declared a climate emergency. Spain is also a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:222" href="#fn:222">222</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Sweden/u3qC7lyj">Sweden</a></td><td>Partial+ Member EU-CED</td><td>The National Government of <a href="/facts/Sweden/u3qC7lyj">Sweden</a> has not declared a climate emergency. However, local jurisdictions, such as the cities of <a href="/facts/Lund/t67P9nm8">Lund</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:223" href="#fn:223">223</a> and <a href="/facts/Malm%25C3%25B6/Ax5CCPu0">Malmö</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:224" href="#fn:224">224</a> have declared a climate emergency. Sweden is also a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:225" href="#fn:225">225</a></td></tr><tr><td>  <a href="/facts/Switzerland/LcGuxeTe">Switzerland</a></td><td>Partial</td><td>The National Government of <a href="/facts/Switzerland/LcGuxeTe">Switzerland</a> has not declared a climate emergency. However, the cantons of <a href="/facts/Canton_of_Basel-Stadt/jmzRWPUp">Basel-Stadt</a>, <a href="/facts/Canton_of_Jura/3Np18TVx">Jura</a> and <a href="/facts/Canton_of_Vaud/DTXEmFYy">Vaud</a>, and the cities of <a href="/facts/Liestal/YA13Ql3K">Liestal</a>, <a href="/facts/Olten/uDU0HMkv">Olten</a> and <a href="/facts/Del%25C3%25A9mont/TbkbI8q4">Delemont</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:226" href="#fn:226">226</a> have declared a climate emergency.</td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2">United Kingdom</a></td><td>Partial+ Member EU-CED</td><td>Main article: <a href="/facts/Climate_emergency_declarations_in_the_United_Kingdom/lmYYockS">Climate emergency declarations in the United Kingdom</a>In May 2019, the <a href="/facts/UK_Parliament/7bFbPI9g">UK Parliament</a> passed a non-binding motion declaring a climate emergency in the UK, following an <a href="/facts/Opposition_day/f9UJuCf1">opposition day</a> debate. <a href="/facts/Michael_Gove/ASC7ncuc">Michael Gove</a>, responding for the <a href="/facts/UK_Government/3zLlUWbx">UK Government</a>, said that "the situation we face is an emergency" and called for cross-party action; but didn't endorse the motion.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:227" href="#fn:227">227</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:228" href="#fn:228">228</a> The UK was a member state in the EU at the time that it (the EU) declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations, on 28 November 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:229" href="#fn:229">229</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Partial</td><td>In the <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a>: more than 24 towns have declared a climate emergency,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:230" href="#fn:230">230</a> most notably, New York City (26 June 2019),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:231" href="#fn:231">231</a> <a href="/facts/Hayward%2c_California/ycM80bBN">Hayward</a> (15 January 2019), <a href="/facts/San_Francisco/cb9l7hbC">San Francisco</a> and <a href="/facts/Chico%2c_California/GUk2VY9M">Chico</a> (2 April 2019).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:232" href="#fn:232">232</a> <a href="/facts/Hawaii/ImxFefeK">Hawaii</a> became the first U.S. state to declare a climate emergency on 29 April 2021.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:233" href="#fn:233">233</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Vatican_City/JTKnEt6J">Vatican City</a></td><td>Yes</td><td><a href="/facts/Pope_Francis/F2uNhKC9">Pope Francis</a> declared a state of climate emergency in June 2019 on behalf of the Holy See.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:234" href="#fn:234">234</a></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Wales/xa3W6PHH">Wales</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>1 May 2019: the <a href="/facts/Senedd/UVeACTS7">Senedd</a> passed the declaration made by its <a href="/facts/Welsh_Government/WkRLquvy">government</a> on 29 April 2019, and became the first parliament in the world to officially declare a climate emergency.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:235" href="#fn:235">235</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:236" href="#fn:236">236</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:237" href="#fn:237">237</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2 id="criticism">Criticism</h2>

Declaring a climate emergency has been criticized for giving the idea of a need for authoritarian and anti-democratic policies,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:238" href="#fn:238">238</a> with critics saying democracy is essential for the long-term success of climate policies.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:239" href="#fn:239">239</a>
Additionally, it is seen by some critics as ineffective in combating climate change. They point to psychological impacts, the emphasis on quick short term changes rather than systemic and the lack of plans, targets and resource shifts to back up their declaration as potential problems.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:240" href="#fn:240">240</a>
Climate emergency declarations also lead to widespread fear and guilt, which can inhibit action.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:241" href="#fn:241">241</a> They can arouse feelings of helplessness or hopelessness that prevent people from pursuing actual solutions, otherwise known as <a href="/facts/Eco-anxiety/uTIWj1fk">eco-anxiety</a>. People facing such fear are more likely to ignore climate change in an effort to ease those fears or even be pushed into polarized ideology like <a href="/facts/Climate_change_denial/uEz4S5qL">climate denial</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:242" href="#fn:242">242</a>
While climate emergency declarations are intended to signal urgent action, they have attracted criticism for potentially promoting authoritarian and anti-democratic approaches. Scholars argue that invoking an "emergency" framework may concentrate power in the executive branch, circumventing democratic checks and balances and normal legislative processes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:243" href="#fn:243">243</a> Some environmental theorists associate this with "eco-authoritarianism"—a concept where urgent ecological goals justify reduced civil liberties and increased state control.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:244" href="#fn:244">244</a> Critics also note that emergency rhetoric can be used to justify restrictions on free speech and the right to protest, particularly in countries with already fragile democratic institutions.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:245" href="#fn:245">245</a> There are concerns that such declarations might enable human rights abuses, especially among marginalized populations like indigenous groups and climate refugees.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:246" href="#fn:246">246</a> Some argue that the use of war metaphors, such as calling for a “World War II-style climate mobilization,” risks legitimizing extreme, centralized control.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:247" href="#fn:247">247</a>
Furthermore, the psychological effect of constant "emergency" framing can foster anxiety and inaction rather than empowerment.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:248" href="#fn:248">248</a> Other critiques highlight the symbolic nature of such declarations, often unaccompanied by concrete policy plans or funding, reducing them to performative gestures.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:249" href="#fn:249">249</a> Legal experts also raise alarms about the long-term precedent these emergency powers may set for governments to bypass democratic procedures in future crises.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:250" href="#fn:250">250</a> Finally, democratic participation is widely seen as essential for successful climate action, and critics argue that bypassing inclusive debate in the name of urgency may erode public trust and social cohesion.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:251" href="#fn:251">251</a>

<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Climate_apocalypse/eaaF9IfT">Climate apocalypse</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Climate_change_and_civilizational_collapse/70ISxCQ3">Climate change and civilizational collapse</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Climate_change_in_New_York_City/C24xEpGo">Climate change in New York City</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Climate_sensitivity/toPBU6Qe">Climate sensitivity</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Economic_analysis_of_climate_change/cl4wIpPh">Economic analysis of climate change</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Human_extinction/AKGd4JlS">Human extinction risk estimates</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/List_of_countries_by_carbon_dioxide_emissions/PzWgcb8I">List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Media_coverage_of_climate_change/w3nu3daJ">Media coverage of climate change</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Securitization_(international_relations)/4NkT9KPJ">Securitization (international relations)</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/State_of_emergency/YYWgKFPq">State of emergency</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/War_economy/anvktJ9z">War economy</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/World_Scientists%2527_Warning_to_Humanity/wImgkPpb">World Scientists' Warning to Humanity</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2>
<ul><li>Levene, Mark; Akçam, Taner (2021). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14623528.2021.1917913">"The Climate Emergency: A Statement from Genocide Scholars on the Necessity for a Paradigm Shift"</a>. Journal of Genocide Research. 23 (2): 325–328. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14623528.2021.1917913">10.1080/14623528.2021.1917913</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233986487">233986487</a>.</li></ul>
<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="https://climateemergencydeclaration.org/">Climate Emergency Declaration – Call to declare a climate emergency</a> and <a href="https://climateemergencydeclaration.org/climate-emergency-declarations-cover-15-million-citizens/">list of declarations by country</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.cedamia.org/global/">CEDAMIA - Climate Emergency Declaration and Mobilisation In Action - Global Declarations List</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.caceonline.org/">CACE - Council and community Action in the Climate Emergency Declaration</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Ripple, William; Wolf, Christopher; Newsome, Thomas; Barnard, Phoebe; Moomaw, William (2019-11-05). "World Scientists' Warning of a Climate Emergency". BioScience, Biz088, American Institute of Biological Science (Oxford Academic; Oxford University Press). Retrieved 2019-12-14. <a href="https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/advance-article/doi/10.1093/biosci/biz088/5610806" target="_blank">https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/advance-article/doi/10.1093/biosci/biz088/5610806</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">"History of Climate Emergency Action by Councils". CACEonline.org. Council Action in the Climate Emergency. Archived from the original on 2020-10-30. <a href="https://www.caceonline.org/history.html" target="_blank">https://www.caceonline.org/history.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">"CEDAMIA list of global declarations". CEDAMIA. Climate Emergency Declaration and Mobilisation In Action. 2019-05-15. Retrieved 2020-02-23. <a href="https://www.cedamia.org/global/" target="_blank">https://www.cedamia.org/global/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">"Wales' first ever climate change conference set to take place in Cardiff". ITV Consumer Limited. ITV News. 2019-10-16. Retrieved 2021-09-16. <a href="https://www.itv.com/news/wales/2019-10-16/wales-first-ever-climate-change-conference-set-to-take-place-in-cardiff" target="_blank">https://www.itv.com/news/wales/2019-10-16/wales-first-ever-climate-change-conference-set-to-take-place-in-cardiff</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">"Welsh Government makes climate emergency declaration". Welsh Government. 2019-04-29. Retrieved 2021-09-19. <a href="https://gov.wales/welsh-government-makes-climate-emergency-declaration" target="_blank">https://gov.wales/welsh-government-makes-climate-emergency-declaration</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">"'Climate emergency' declared by Welsh Government". BBC News. 2019-04-29. Retrieved 2021-09-19. <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-politics-48093720" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-politics-48093720</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">"How a council can enter into full emergency mode". CACE. Council and Community Action in the Climate Emergency. Retrieved 2020-01-05. <a href="https://www.caceonline.org/entering-emergency-mode.html" target="_blank">https://www.caceonline.org/entering-emergency-mode.html</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Gorey, Colm (2019-05-10). "What Does Declaring a Climate Emergency Actually Mean?". Silicon Republic. Retrieved 2019-12-12. <a href="https://www.siliconrepublic.com/innovation/climate-emergency-ireland-what-it-means" target="_blank">https://www.siliconrepublic.com/innovation/climate-emergency-ireland-what-it-means</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Resolution, Climate Emergency. "What is a Climate Emergency Declaration". The Climate Mobilization. Retrieved 2019-12-12. <a href="https://www.theclimatemobilization.org/climate-emergency-resolution" target="_blank">https://www.theclimatemobilization.org/climate-emergency-resolution</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Freedman, Andrew (2019-11-05). "More than 11,000 scientists from around the world declare a 'climate emergency'". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2019-11-06. <a href="https://washingtonpost.com/science/2019/11/05/more-than-scientists-around-world-declare-climate-emergency/" target="_blank">https://washingtonpost.com/science/2019/11/05/more-than-scientists-around-world-declare-climate-emergency/</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">The Peoples' Climate Vote. United Nations Development Programme. 2021-01-26. Archived from the original on 2021-01-28. 64% of people said that climate change was an emergency – presenting a clear and convincing call for decision-makers to step up on ambition. - The highest level of support was in SIDS (Small Island Developing States, 74%), followed by high-income countries (72%), middle-income countries (62%), then LDCs (Least Developed Countries, 58%). - Regionally, the proportion of people who said climate change is a global emergency had a high level of support everywhere - in Western Europe and North America (72%), Eastern Europe and Central Asia (65%), Arab States (64%), Latin America and Caribbean (63%), Asia and Pacific (63%), and Sub-Saharan Africa (61%). - Four climate policies emerged as the most popular globally: 1. Conservation of forests and land (54% public support); 2. Solar, wind and renewable power (53%); 3. Climate-friendly farming techniques (52%); and 4. Investing more in green businesses and jobs (50%). {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help) (Page has download link to 68-page PDF.) <a href="https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/climate-and-disaster-resilience-/The-Peoples-Climate-Vote-Results.html" target="_blank">https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/climate-and-disaster-resilience-/The-Peoples-Climate-Vote-Results.html</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">"National Climate Emergency Rally Melbourne June 2009". Greenlivingpedia. 2009-06-18. Retrieved 2019-12-12. <a href="https://www.greenlivingpedia.org/National_Climate_Emergency_Rally_Melbourne_June_2009" target="_blank">https://www.greenlivingpedia.org/National_Climate_Emergency_Rally_Melbourne_June_2009</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">"The Club of Rome Climate Emergency Plan". The Club of Rome. Archived from the original on 2019-12-08. Retrieved 2019-12-12. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191208083024/https://www.clubofrome.org/project/the-club-of-rome-climate-emergency-plan/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20191208083024/https://www.clubofrome.org/project/the-club-of-rome-climate-emergency-plan/</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">"Extinction Rebellion Home". Extinction Rebelion. Retrieved 2019-12-12. <a href="https://rebellion.earth/" target="_blank">https://rebellion.earth/</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Rice, Doyle (2019-11-21). "'Climate emergency' is Oxford Dictionary's word of the year". USA Today. Archived from the original on 2019-11-22. Retrieved 2019-12-03. <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/11/21/climate-emergency-oxford-dictionarys-word-year/4263945002/" target="_blank">https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/11/21/climate-emergency-oxford-dictionarys-word-year/4263945002/</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">"Darebin City Council | cedamia". cedamia.org. 2018-03-09. Retrieved 2019-12-30. <a href="https://www.cedamia.org/darebin-city-council/" target="_blank">https://www.cedamia.org/darebin-city-council/</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">"What next after declaring a climate emergency?". SoundCloud. <a href="https://soundcloud.com/biggreenpoliticspodcast/what-next-after-declaring-a-climate-emergency" target="_blank">https://soundcloud.com/biggreenpoliticspodcast/what-next-after-declaring-a-climate-emergency</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">"Change starts here: Carla Denyer". Green World. <a href="https://greenworld.org.uk/article/change-starts-here-carla-denyer" target="_blank">https://greenworld.org.uk/article/change-starts-here-carla-denyer</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:21">"What next after declaring a climate emergency?". SoundCloud. <a href="https://soundcloud.com/biggreenpoliticspodcast/what-next-after-declaring-a-climate-emergency" target="_blank">https://soundcloud.com/biggreenpoliticspodcast/what-next-after-declaring-a-climate-emergency</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:26">"What next after declaring a climate emergency?". SoundCloud. <a href="https://soundcloud.com/biggreenpoliticspodcast/what-next-after-declaring-a-climate-emergency" target="_blank">https://soundcloud.com/biggreenpoliticspodcast/what-next-after-declaring-a-climate-emergency</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:27">"Change starts here: Carla Denyer". Green World. <a href="https://greenworld.org.uk/article/change-starts-here-carla-denyer" target="_blank">https://greenworld.org.uk/article/change-starts-here-carla-denyer</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:28">"Opinion: If green Bristol will struggle to meet emissions targets, how can the rest of us manage?". The Independent. 2019-07-19. <a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/bristol-carbon-emissions-extinction-rebellion-climate-change-a9012751.html" target="_blank">https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/bristol-carbon-emissions-extinction-rebellion-climate-change-a9012751.html</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:29">"The climate emergency will shape policy across the UK". Pinset Masons. Retrieved 2021-09-19. <a href="https://www.pinsentmasons.com/out-law/analysis/the-climate-emergency-policy-uk" target="_blank">https://www.pinsentmasons.com/out-law/analysis/the-climate-emergency-policy-uk</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:30">"Nicola Sturgeon declares 'climate emergency' at SNP conference". BBC News. 2019-04-28. <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-48077802" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-48077802</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:31">"Wales' first ever climate change conference set to take place in Cardiff". ITV Consumer Limited. ITV News. 2019-10-16. Retrieved 2021-09-16. <a href="https://www.itv.com/news/wales/2019-10-16/wales-first-ever-climate-change-conference-set-to-take-place-in-cardiff" target="_blank">https://www.itv.com/news/wales/2019-10-16/wales-first-ever-climate-change-conference-set-to-take-place-in-cardiff</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:33">"'Climate emergency' declared by Welsh Government". BBC News. 2019-04-29. Retrieved 2021-09-19. <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-politics-48093720" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-politics-48093720</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:34">"UK Parliament declares climate emergency". BBC News. 2019-05-01. <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-48126677" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-48126677</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:35">Pope Francis made a pledge for a climate emergency in June 2019, at a meeting with oil executives. "Pope Francis declares 'climate emergency' and urges action". BBC. 2019. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" target="_blank">/wiki/Pope_Francis</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:36">Pope Francis made a pledge for a climate emergency in June 2019, at a meeting with oil executives. "Pope Francis declares 'climate emergency' and urges action". BBC. 2019. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" target="_blank">/wiki/Pope_Francis</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:37">Pope Francis made a pledge for a climate emergency in June 2019, at a meeting with oil executives. "Pope Francis declares 'climate emergency' and urges action". BBC. 2019. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" target="_blank">/wiki/Pope_Francis</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:38">"Higher and Further Education Institutions across the globe declare Climate Emergency". UN Environment. 2019-07-10. <a href="http://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/press-release/higher-and-further-education-institutions-across-globe-declare" target="_blank">http://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/press-release/higher-and-further-education-institutions-across-globe-declare</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:43">"Climate change is a health emergency". Australian Medical Association. 2019-09-03. Retrieved 2019-10-22. <a href="https://ama.com.au/media/climate-change-health-emergency" target="_blank">https://ama.com.au/media/climate-change-health-emergency</a> <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:47">"Greens will move to declare 'climate emergency' in next Parliament following UK Parliament climate emergency declaration". AdamBandt.com. Retrieved 2019-10-04. <a href="https://www.adambandt.com/0205_motion" target="_blank">https://www.adambandt.com/0205_motion</a> <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:48">"Final Tally is in". Twitter (@AboutTheHouse). 2019-10-17. Retrieved 2020-01-01. <a href="https://twitter.com/AboutTheHouse/status/1185023723671150592" target="_blank">https://twitter.com/AboutTheHouse/status/1185023723671150592</a> <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:49">"Climate emergency e-petition secures parliamentary record". SBS News. 2019-09-30. Retrieved 2019-10-04. <a href="https://www.sbs.com.au/news/climate-emergency-e-petition-secures-parliamentary-record" target="_blank">https://www.sbs.com.au/news/climate-emergency-e-petition-secures-parliamentary-record</a> <a href="#fnref:49" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:50">McCormack, Ange (2019-10-10). "'Climate emergency' petition to Parliament reaches 300K signatures. Will it do anything?". Hack. Retrieved 2019-10-11. <a href="/wiki/Ange_McCormack" target="_blank">/wiki/Ange_McCormack</a> <a href="#fnref:50" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:52">"John Hewson urges Liberal conscience vote on climate emergency". SBS News. Retrieved 2019-10-04. dated 11 September 2019 <a href="https://www.sbs.com.au/news/john-hewson-urges-liberal-conscience-vote-on-climate-emergency" target="_blank">https://www.sbs.com.au/news/john-hewson-urges-liberal-conscience-vote-on-climate-emergency</a> <a href="#fnref:52" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:53">"John Hewson urges Liberal conscience vote on climate emergency". SBS News. Retrieved 2019-10-04. dated 11 September 2019 <a href="https://www.sbs.com.au/news/john-hewson-urges-liberal-conscience-vote-on-climate-emergency" target="_blank">https://www.sbs.com.au/news/john-hewson-urges-liberal-conscience-vote-on-climate-emergency</a> <a href="#fnref:53" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:54">"Labor's attempt to declare a climate emergency rejected by the Morrison government". SBS News. Retrieved 2019-11-29. <a href="https://www.sbs.com.au/news/labor-s-attempt-to-declare-a-climate-emergency-rejected-by-the-morrison-government" target="_blank">https://www.sbs.com.au/news/labor-s-attempt-to-declare-a-climate-emergency-rejected-by-the-morrison-government</a> <a href="#fnref:54" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:57">Ripple, William J.; Wolf, Christopher; Newsome, Thomas M.; Gregg, Jillian W.; Lenton, Timothy M.; Palomo, Ignacio; Eikelboom, Jasper A J.; Law, Beverly E.; Huq, Saleemul; Duffy, Philip B.; Rockström, Johan (2021-07-28). "World Scientists' Warning of a Climate Emergency 2021". BioScience. 71 (9): 894–898. doi:10.1093/biosci/biab079. hdl:1808/30278. <a href="https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/advance-article/doi/10.1093/biosci/biab079/6325731" target="_blank">https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/advance-article/doi/10.1093/biosci/biab079/6325731</a> <a href="#fnref:57" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:66">"'Climate emergency' declared by Welsh Government". BBC News. 2019-04-29. Retrieved 2019-11-19. <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-politics-48093720" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-politics-48093720</a> <a href="#fnref:66" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:67">"UK Parliament declares climate change emergency". BBC News. 2019-05-01. Retrieved 2019-05-19. <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-48126677" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-48126677</a> <a href="#fnref:67" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:68">"Climate emergency declared in Jersey". ITV.com. 2019-05-02. Retrieved 2019-05-19. <a href="https://www.itv.com/news/channel/2019-05-02/climate-emergency-declared-in-jersey/" target="_blank">https://www.itv.com/news/channel/2019-05-02/climate-emergency-declared-in-jersey/</a> <a href="#fnref:68" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:69">"Irish parliament declares climate emergency". The Guardian. 2019-05-10. Retrieved 2019-05-19. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/may/10/irish-parliament-declares-climate-emergency" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/may/10/irish-parliament-declares-climate-emergency</a> <a href="#fnref:69" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:72">"Portuguese parliament declared climate emergency – and made sure it meant nothing". climaximo.pt. 2019-06-08. Retrieved 2019-10-27. <a href="http://www.climaximo.pt/2019/06/08/portuguese-parliament-declared-climate-emergency-and-made-sure-it-meant-nothing/" target="_blank">http://www.climaximo.pt/2019/06/08/portuguese-parliament-declared-climate-emergency-and-made-sure-it-meant-nothing/</a> <a href="#fnref:72" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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</ol>

Climate emergency declaration open-in-new

Climate emergency declaration