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List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions
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This overview of carbon dioxide emissions from human activities is based on the EDGAR database by the European Commission and the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. It covers emissions from burning fossil fuels and cement manufacture, excluding sources like land use change and international shipping. In 2023, global emissions hit a record 53.0 GtCO2eq, with major emitters including China, the United States, India, and the EU27. Although China leads in total emissions, per capita levels show the United States has higher emissions per person. For fairer comparisons, emissions should consider population size and embedded emissions in trade, as explained in production-based emissions and embedded emissions. The IPCC highlights CO2 as the chief anthropogenic greenhouse gas driving climate change.

Fossil carbon dioxide emissions by country

List of countries by carbon emissions22
Location% ofglobaltotalFossil emissions(1,000,000 tons per year)% changefrom 2000
20232000
 World100%39,023.9425,725.44 +52%
 China34.0%13,259.643,666.95 +262%
 United States12.0%4,682.045,928.97 −21%
 India7.6%2,955.18995.65 +197%
 European Union6.4%2,512.073,563.26 −30%
 Russia5.3%2,069.501,681.14 +23%
 Japan2.4%944.761,248.81 −24%
 Iran2.0%778.80353.93 +120%
 International Shipping1.8%706.32503.29 +40%
 Indonesia1.7%674.54299.09 +126%
 Saudi Arabia1.6%622.91265.24 +135%
 Germany1.5%582.95871.74 −33%
 Canada1.5%575.01543.04 +6%
 South Korea1.5%573.54474.16 +21%
 International Aviation1.3%491.63355.32 +38%
 Mexico1.2%487.09396.71 +23%
 Brazil1.2%479.50349.40 +37%
 Turkey1.1%438.32227.05 +93%
 South Africa1.0%397.37347.30 +14%
 Australia1.0%373.62353.87 +6%
 Vietnam1.0%372.9556.52 +560%
 Italy,  San Marino and  Vatican City0.8%305.49454.72 −33%
 United Kingdom0.8%302.10551.68 −45%
 Poland0.7%286.91313.02 −8%
 Malaysia0.7%283.32130.78 +117%
 France and  Monaco0.7%282.43401.21 −30%
 Taiwan0.7%279.85238.02 +18%
 Thailand0.7%274.16174.82 +57%
 Egypt0.6%249.33127.91 +95%
 Kazakhstan0.6%239.87132.22 +81%
 Spain and  Andorra0.6%217.26313.24 −31%
 United Arab Emirates0.5%205.9988.46 +133%
 Pakistan0.5%200.51111.87 +79%
 Iraq0.5%192.9188.81 +117%
 Argentina0.5%183.78136.76 +34%
 Algeria0.5%180.3687.94 +105%
 Philippines0.4%161.2974.25 +117%
 Uzbekistan0.4%137.90130.67 +6%
 Ukraine0.3%136.20360.02 −62%
 Nigeria0.3%127.94100.30 +28%
 Qatar0.3%127.9131.75 +303%
 Bangladesh0.3%124.7926.97 +363%
 Netherlands0.3%122.87176.91 −31%
 Kuwait0.3%111.6354.48 +105%
 Colombia0.3%100.8662.57 +61%
 Oman0.2%93.0926.32 +254%
 Czech Republic0.2%90.51132.31 −32%
 Venezuela0.2%84.60137.75 −39%
 Belgium0.2%84.31124.97 −33%
 Chile0.2%84.0053.85 +56%
 Romania0.2%70.7797.42 −27%
 Morocco0.2%69.8633.56 +108%
 Turkmenistan0.2%65.9939.34 +68%
 North Korea0.2%64.2773.81 −13%
 Libya0.2%61.2649.28 +24%
 Israel and  Palestine0.2%61.2559.30 +3%
 Austria0.2%58.8266.69 −12%
 Peru0.1%58.4028.98 +102%
 Singapore0.1%57.0745.52 +25%
 Serbia and  Montenegro0.1%56.1250.64 +11%
 Belarus0.1%54.1856.26 −4%
 Greece0.1%51.6796.05 −46%
 Ecuador0.1%45.3322.04 +106%
 Norway0.1%44.0741.77 +5%
 Hungary0.1%43.8359.48 −26%
 Azerbaijan0.1%42.7728.79 +49%
 Bulgaria0.1%39.7948.17 −17%
 Bahrain0.1%37.4317.77 +111%
 Portugal0.09%36.1764.41 −44%
 New Zealand0.09%35.8032.89 +9%
 Sweden0.09%35.3957.98 −39%
 Slovakia0.09%34.8641.68 −16%
 Hong Kong0.09%34.6741.90 −17%
  Switzerland and  Liechtenstein0.09%34.2244.80 −24%
 Myanmar0.09%33.3710.04 +232%
 Ireland0.08%32.4843.82 −26%
 Finland0.08%32.2757.53 −44%
 Tunisia0.08%31.5021.13 +49%
 Dominican Republic0.08%31.3519.01 +65%
 Angola0.07%28.2316.51 +71%
 Mongolia0.07%28.129.04 +211%
 Trinidad and Tobago0.07%27.2219.13 +42%
 Denmark0.07%26.7753.16 −50%
 Laos0.07%26.020.93+2,685
 Syria0.07%25.5945.90 −44%
 Ghana0.06%24.166.09 +297%
 Bolivia0.06%23.818.20 +190%
 Jordan0.06%23.5816.47 +43%
 Cuba0.06%22.0728.99 −24%
 Bosnia and Herzegovina0.06%22.0014.28 +54%
 Kenya0.06%21.738.91 +144%
 Guatemala0.05%21.359.69 +120%
 Sudan and  South Sudan0.05%21.276.00 +255%
 Sri Lanka0.05%20.5211.46 +79%
 Tanzania0.05%19.373.11 +523%
 Cambodia0.05%17.972.00 +798%
   Nepal0.05%17.933.42 +424%
 Croatia0.04%17.4619.37 −10%
 Lebanon0.04%17.3315.31 +13%
 Ethiopia0.04%16.713.88 +331%
 Panama0.04%14.725.19 +184%
 Ivory Coast0.04%14.416.97 +107%
 Puerto Rico0.04%13.8225.18 −45%
 Lithuania0.03%13.1111.66 +13%
 Georgia0.03%12.865.21 +147%
 Slovenia0.03%12.0815.04 −20%
 Senegal0.03%12.023.99 +201%
 Zimbabwe0.03%11.7414.60 −20%
 Estonia0.03%11.4417.38 −34%
 Honduras0.03%10.955.00 +119%
 Yemen0.03%10.9015.74 −31%
 Cameroon0.03%10.765.73 +88%
 Kyrgyzstan0.03%10.464.80 +118%
 Moldova0.03%9.936.89 +44%
 Mozambique0.02%9.741.57 +520%
 Brunei0.02%9.726.07 +60%
 Tajikistan0.02%9.312.78 +234%
 Uruguay0.02%8.825.57 +58%
 North Macedonia0.02%8.769.04 −3%
 Afghanistan0.02%8.711.02 +757%
 Costa Rica0.02%8.575.12 +67%
 El Salvador0.02%8.385.80 +45%
 Paraguay0.02%8.253.64 +127%
 Zambia0.02%8.061.95 +313%
 Armenia0.02%7.733.57 +116%
 Botswana0.02%7.424.10 +81%
 Congo0.02%7.254.51 +61%
 Uganda0.02%7.221.41 +411%
 Cyprus0.02%7.187.13 +1%
 Luxembourg0.02%7.018.80 −20%
 Jamaica0.02%6.8610.21 −33%
 Mali0.02%6.660.80 +730%
 Latvia0.02%6.557.23 −9%
 Malawi0.02%6.453.10 +108%
 Benin0.02%6.441.54 +317%
 New Caledonia0.02%6.212.18 +185%
 Burkina Faso0.02%6.000.88 +583%
 Papua New Guinea0.02%5.952.95 +102%
 Nicaragua0.01%5.733.77 +52%
 Gabon0.01%4.936.60 −25%
 Mauritania0.01%4.651.07 +336%
 Albania0.01%4.593.23 +42%
 Namibia0.01%4.361.95 +124%
 Mauritius0.01%4.212.44 +73%
 Madagascar0.01%4.101.69 +142%
 Democratic Republic of the Congo0.01%3.801.88 +102%
 Equatorial Guinea0.01%3.782.74 +38%
 Guinea0.01%3.721.47 +153%
 Haiti0.009%3.541.69 +109%
 Guyana0.008%3.301.66 +99%
 Iceland0.008%3.092.85 +8%
 Macao0.008%3.011.48 +104%
 Maldives0.007%2.880.64 +352%
 Niger0.007%2.820.70 +302%
 Suriname0.007%2.631.48 +78%
 Chad0.007%2.570.24 +962%
 Réunion0.007%2.572.05 +25%
 Togo0.006%2.491.25 +99%
 Curaçao0.006%2.435.67 −57%
 Fiji0.006%2.211.46 +51%
 Bhutan0.005%1.990.41 +388%
 Malta0.004%1.682.13 −21%
 Bahamas0.004%1.681.00 +69%
 Rwanda0.004%1.650.68 +142%
 Liberia0.004%1.640.40 +307%
 Palau0.004%1.442.12 −32%
 Eswatini0.004%1.391.10 +27%
 French Polynesia0.003%1.260.72 +75%
 Seychelles0.003%1.240.76 +63%
 Guadeloupe0.003%1.170.62 +89%
 Martinique0.003%1.090.67 +62%
 Sierra Leone0.003%1.070.43 +147%
 Cape Verde0.003%1.010.28 +256%
 Lesotho0.002%0.880.35 +148%
 Somalia0.002%0.870.63 +38%
 Burundi0.002%0.840.29 +186%
 Barbados0.002%0.800.59 +35%
 Djibouti0.002%0.750.74 +1%
 East Timor0.002%0.700.23 +208%
 Gibraltar0.002%0.690.34 +102%
 Eritrea0.002%0.670.67 no change%
 Gambia0.002%0.610.27 +126%
 Greenland0.001%0.580.00+43,369
 Aruba0.001%0.530.27 +97%
 Samoa0.001%0.470.19 +149%
 Solomon Islands0.001%0.420.24 +78%
 French Guiana0.001%0.380.17 +119%
 Central African Republic0.001%0.370.26 +43%
 Cayman Islands0.001%0.360.13 +172%
 Bermuda0.001%0.350.15 +133%
 Guinea-Bissau0.001%0.350.20 +71%
 Antigua and Barbuda0.001%0.320.14 +139%
 Comoros0.001%0.320.09 +250%
 Saint Lucia0.001%0.300.10 +207%
 Vanuatu0.001%0.290.08 +238%
 Belize0.001%0.280.14 +101%
 Western Sahara0.001%0.260.26 +4%
 Tonga0.001%0.220.10 +118%
 São Tomé and Príncipe0.001%0.210.06 +288%
 Grenada0.0004%0.140.06 +149%
 Cook Islands0.0004%0.140.06 +133%
 Saint Kitts and Nevis0.0003%0.120.05 +140%
 Turks and Caicos Islands0.0003%0.100.02 +481%
 Kiribati0.0002%0.100.03 +197%
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines0.0002%0.100.04 +131%
 Dominica0.0002%0.080.06 +44%
 British Virgin Islands0.0002%0.080.03 +172%
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon0.0001%0.040.02 +129%
 Anguilla0.0001%0.020.02 +48%
 Falkland Islands0.0000%0.020.01 +170%
 Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha0.0000%0.020.01 +58%
 Faroe Islands0.0000%0.000.00 +20%

Fossil CO2 emissions 2023 vs. fossil CO2 emissions per capita 2023

See also: List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions per capita

Fossil CO2 emissions 2023 (ktCO2/year) andFossil CO2 emissions per capita 2023 (tCO2/year)
Fossil CO2 emissions2023Country/Territory/Region/GroupFossil CO2 emissionsper capita2023
ktCO2tCO2
13259638.95 China9.24
4682039.41 United States13.83
2955181.68 India2.07
2069502.01 Russia14.45
944758.61 Japan7.54
778802.30 Iran9.10
674535.94 Indonesia2.41
622913.60 Saudi Arabia17.15
582950.58 Germany7.06
575011.96 Canada14.91
573535.66 South Korea11.04
487093.94 Mexico3.52
479504.23 Brazil2.20
438315.56 Turkey5.13
397372.96 South Africa6.56
373616.42 Australia14.21
372948.52 Vietnam3.69
305490.18 Italy,  San Marino and  Holy See5.19
302103.28 United Kingdom4.42
286906.78 Poland7.63
283323.53 Malaysia8.30
282427.47 France and  Monaco4.25
279847.35 Taiwan11.68
274160.05 Thailand3.94
249331.85 Egypt2.31
239867.11 Kazakhstan12.43
217261.72 Spain and  Andorra4.68
205991.30 United Arab Emirates20.22
200510.13 Pakistan0.91
192908.24 Iraq4.30
183778.42 Argentina3.93
180357.65 Algeria3.99
161288.34 Philippines1.41
137900.11 Uzbekistan4.01
136197.95 Ukraine3.17
127941.73 Nigeria0.58
127907.89 Qatar43.55
124793.36 Bangladesh0.71
122872.05 Netherlands7.09
111633.54 Kuwait24.90
100862.71 Colombia1.97
93094.19 Oman17.11
90512.80 Czech Republic8.52
84595.29 Venezuela2.47
84306.06 Belgium7.18
83999.23 Chile4.45
70773.31 Romania3.70
69858.02 Morocco1.82
65987.68 Turkmenistan10.51
64274.51 North Korea2.46
61258.60 Libya8.88
61254.99 Israel and  State of Palestine4.13
58815.13 Austria6.65
58403.36 Peru1.70
57068.33 Singapore9.38
56120.92 Serbia and  Montenegro6.08
54175.66 Belarus5.79
51674.00 Greece4.69
45328.16 Ecuador2.51
44065.20 Norway7.86
43825.23 Hungary4.61
42766.20 Azerbaijan4.14
39792.57 Bulgaria5.86
37425.57 Bahrain20.70
36171.35 Portugal3.58
35795.09 New Zealand7.22
35392.17 Sweden3.43
34861.57 Slovakia6.40
34672.84 Hong Kong4.51
34221.71 Switzerland and  Liechtenstein3.87
33368.37 Myanmar0.59
32482.58 Ireland6.50
32268.88 Finland5.73
31497.46 Tunisia2.57
31350.81 Dominican Republic2.74
28229.93 Angola0.78
28117.12 Mongolia8.45
27216.18 Trinidad and Tobago19.71
26772.91 Denmark4.56
26020.84 Laos3.49
25594.86 Syria1.19
24163.79 Ghana0.74
23806.93 Bolivia1.98
23578.98 Jordan2.25
22066.99 Cuba1.92
21996.75 Bosnia and Herzegovina6.33
21733.67 Kenya0.38
21349.41 Guatemala1.13
21273.31 Sudan and  South Sudan0.34
20518.00 Sri Lanka0.97
19373.46 Tanzania0.28
17970.08 Cambodia1.03
17933.78 Nepal0.57
17456.50 Croatia4.31
17332.05 Lebanon3.00
16707.69 Ethiopia0.14
14720.53 Panama3.29
14412.45 Ivory Coast0.51
13815.29 Puerto Rico3.80
13114.62 Lithuania4.66
12863.60 Georgia3.33
12076.46 Slovenia5.81
12023.94 Senegal0.65
11744.05 Zimbabwe0.62
11436.37 Estonia8.87
10945.76 Honduras1.08
10898.84 Yemen0.34
10755.63 Cameroon0.38
10463.99 Kyrgyzstan1.60
9928.22 Moldova2.50
9740.08 Mozambique0.28
9716.06 Brunei21.12
9308.19 Tajikistan0.93
8817.28 Uruguay2.50
8763.66 North Macedonia4.19
8707.35 Afghanistan0.21
8573.34 Costa Rica1.66
8379.62 El Salvador1.27
8253.94 Paraguay1.13
8058.98 Zambia0.40
7725.14 Armenia2.63
7424.70 Botswana2.93
7250.79 Congo1.18
7217.41 Uganda0.14
7183.30 Cyprus5.83
7007.46 Luxembourg11.18
6864.73 Jamaica2.34
6660.68 Mali0.30
6551.10 Latvia3.56
6447.68 Malawi0.29
6437.90 Benin0.49
6208.56 New Caledonia20.90
5999.25 Burkina Faso0.26
5951.82 Papua New Guinea0.64
5725.29 Nicaragua0.87
4926.90 Gabon2.16
4650.27 Mauritania0.90
4591.83 Albania1.56
4364.59 Namibia1.53
4213.59 Mauritius3.29
4099.12 Madagascar0.14
3799.54 Democratic Republic of the Congo0.04
3776.75 Equatorial Guinea2.44
3715.38 Guinea0.25
3536.48 Haiti0.30
3304.16 Guyana4.11
3086.23 Iceland8.79
3012.36 Macao4.42
2876.31 Maldives6.00
2822.85 Niger0.10
2628.56 Suriname4.45
2571.41 Chad0.14
2570.71 Réunion2.81
2492.58 Togo0.28
2434.14 Curaçao14.66
2210.54 Fiji2.35
1986.67 Bhutan2.31
1684.62 Malta3.85
1683.71 Bahamas4.04
1645.97 Rwanda0.12
1636.89 Liberia0.30
1439.59 Palau62.59
1390.16 Eswatini0.92
1258.99 French Polynesia4.27
1237.26 Seychelles12.76
1167.14 Guadeloupe2.61
1091.37 Martinique2.83
1074.94 Sierra Leone0.13
1006.33 Cape Verde1.71
878.31 Lesotho0.36
868.15 Somalia0.05
844.33 Burundi0.06
796.21 Barbados2.76
749.20 Djibouti0.72
702.89 Timor-Leste0.48
688.59 Gibraltar19.67
668.50 Eritrea0.12
605.83 The Gambia0.24
582.22 Greenland10.21
530.03 Aruba4.91
468.45 Samoa2.30
418.85 Solomon Islands0.61
381.63 French Guiana1.17
368.38 Central African Republic0.07
358.01 Cayman Islands5.42
350.52 Bermuda5.84
346.02 Guinea-Bissau0.16
323.11 Antigua and Barbuda2.99
317.70 Comoros0.34
296.56 Saint Lucia1.62
287.30 Vanuatu0.92
278.45 Belize0.66
264.76 Western Sahara0.41
220.00 Tonga1.95
214.08 São Tomé and Príncipe0.92
142.70 Grenada1.29
142.21 Cook Islands8.37
118.78 Saint Kitts and Nevis2.05
103.10 Turks and Caicos Islands2.71
97.44 Kiribati0.76
96.29 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines0.87
79.85 Dominica1.05
75.29 British Virgin Islands2.21
40.11 Saint Pierre and Miquelon5.73
22.96 Anguilla1.43
19.45 Falkland Islands6.48
17.77 Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha4.44
2.10 Faroe Islands0.04
39023937.04 Global Total4.86
2512.07 European Union5.66

Cumulative fossil CO2 emissions 1970-2023 vs. fossil CO2 emissions 2023

Total fossil CO2 emissions 1970-2023 (ktCO2) andFossil CO2 emissions 2023 (ktCO2)
Fossil CO2 emissions1970-2023Country/Territory/Region/GroupFossil CO2 emissions2023
ktCO2ktCO2
277924506.81 China13259638.95
276168319.65 United States4682039.41
98657349.81 Russia2069502.01
60679458.92 Japan944758.61
59485104.14 India2955181.68
50139186.21 Germany582950.58
28997941.85 United Kingdom302103.28
26832418.10 Canada575011.96
24606502.43 Ukraine136197.95
21743058.98 France and  Monaco282427.47
21434526.94 Italy,  San Marino and  Holy See305490.18
20405932.48 South Korea573535.66
19387921.77 Poland286906.78
19331228.41 Iran778802.30
18779872.84 Mexico487093.94
18688645.29 South Africa397372.96
16857665.19 Brazil479504.23
16722319.55 Australia373616.42
16205199.78 Saudi Arabia622913.60
15267857.36 Indonesia674535.94
13483082.79 Spain and  Andorra217261.72
11731337.82 Kazakhstan239867.11
11531297.23 Turkey438315.56
9957070.41 Taiwan279847.35
8788134.24 Netherlands122872.05
8148937.06 Thailand274160.05
7978665.75 Czech Republic90512.80
7292160.06 Argentina183778.42
7144673.44 Romania70773.31
7093742.60 Egypt249331.85
6757041.14 Malaysia283323.53
6332495.66 Belgium84306.06
6300583.67 Venezuela84595.29
5925389.53 Uzbekistan137900.11
5548071.50 United Arab Emirates205991.30
5545304.17 Pakistan200510.13
5131741.75 Algeria180357.65
5127094.26 Vietnam372948.52
4915250.74 Nigeria127941.73
4907091.07 Iraq192908.24
4687917.39 North Korea64274.51
3973125.77 Belarus54175.66
3810102.31 Greece51674.00
3732766.71 Philippines161288.34
3580257.33 Hungary43825.23
3495925.92 Austria58815.13
3491404.22 Bulgaria39792.57
3280970.85 Sweden35392.17
3205803.86 Kuwait111633.54
3153749.01 Colombia100862.71
2907798.46 Serbia and  Montenegro56120.92
2878947.79 Finland32268.88
2813937.59 Denmark26772.91
2763059.46 Chile83999.23
2539061.05 Qatar127907.89
2491369.82 Slovakia34861.57
2469850.02 Israel and  State of Palestine61254.99
2349928.37 Portugal36171.35
2340089.97 Turkmenistan65987.68
2329741.97 Switzerland and  Liechtenstein34221.71
2258314.73 Libya61258.60
2220510.52 Norway44065.20
2058098.59 Bangladesh124793.36
1951786.97 Oman93094.19
1907557.07 Azerbaijan42766.20
1877854.88 Morocco69858.02
1860694.73 Singapore57068.33
1845393.62 Ireland32482.58
1782454.67 Hong Kong34672.84
1730562.69 Syria25594.86
1724886.81 Peru58403.36
1532695.39 Cuba22066.99
1505078.75 New Zealand35795.09
1371845.26 Estonia11436.37
1270841.18 Ecuador45328.16
1228158.43 Puerto Rico13815.29
1178455.32 Croatia17456.50
1115694.58 Trinidad and Tobago27216.18
1105176.16 Lithuania13114.62
994636.05 Bahrain37425.57
991005.16 Tunisia31497.46
945995.74 Georgia12863.60
939361.23 Angola28229.93
928116.78 Bosnia and Herzegovina21996.75
891996.90 Moldova9928.22
799894.74 Dominican Republic31350.81
784259.39 Slovenia12076.46
781144.42 Jordan23578.98
749929.23 Lebanon17332.05
694191.25 Mongolia28117.12
685202.55 Kyrgyzstan10463.99
656986.80 Zimbabwe11744.05
634469.33 Latvia6551.10
630583.95 Yemen10898.84
621045.29 Luxembourg7007.46
602698.05 Myanmar33368.37
564801.55 Bolivia23806.93
554255.44 Sri Lanka20518.00
523155.04 Sudan and  South Sudan21273.31
514004.22 Armenia7725.14
509875.73 Kenya21733.67
491402.57 North Macedonia8763.66
478180.05 Guatemala21349.41
428026.83 Jamaica6864.73
427208.59 Ghana24163.79
397902.79 Tajikistan9308.19
338557.33 Ivory Coast14412.45
328620.95 Curaçao2434.14
319798.76 Panama14720.53
314900.38 Uruguay8817.28
309036.93 Tanzania19373.46
307860.79 Brunei9716.06
305613.36 Ethiopia16707.69
301683.04 Gabon4926.90
297318.17 Cyprus7183.30
295004.95 Cameroon10755.63
278509.50 Honduras10945.76
273627.88 Albania4591.83
263602.89 Costa Rica8573.34
259038.37 Senegal12023.94
256329.02 El Salvador8379.62
228120.39 Congo7250.79
221716.92 Nepal17933.78
219948.76 Laos26020.84
209440.23 Zambia8058.98
204041.80 Cambodia17970.08
203095.80 Afghanistan8707.35
200977.03 Paraguay8253.94
185086.78 Botswana7424.70
184659.27 Nicaragua5725.29
183880.07 Papua New Guinea5951.82
183470.32 Mozambique9740.08
164373.43 Democratic Republic of the Congo3799.54
150978.96 Iceland3086.23
141593.21 Malawi6447.68
139310.37 New Caledonia6208.56
137301.70 Benin6437.90
133919.06 Equatorial Guinea3776.75
128404.62 Uganda7217.41
117585.81 Namibia4364.59
112940.91 Mauritius4213.59
103826.68 Palau1439.59
99893.44 Malta1684.62
96690.53 Guyana3304.16
93896.63 Mauritania4650.27
93618.31 Haiti3536.48
91455.99 Madagascar4099.12
84825.09 Mali6660.68
84685.51 Réunion2570.71
83487.76 Burkina Faso5999.25
83088.67 Guinea3715.38
75825.18 Macao3012.36
73578.17 Suriname2628.56
68967.01 Fiji2210.54
65666.82 Bahamas1683.71
62200.84 Togo2492.58
55272.64 Niger2822.85
48045.77 Liberia1636.89
46188.60 Eswatini1390.16
44405.05 Djibouti749.20
39968.03 French Polynesia1258.99
39057.76 Somalia868.15
38511.81 Maldives2876.31
36903.84 Sierra Leone1074.94
36751.86 Guadeloupe1167.14
35917.79 Martinique1091.37
34899.24 Rwanda1645.97
34094.49 Chad2571.41
30364.76 Barbados796.21
30299.27 Bhutan1986.67
30213.87 Seychelles1237.26
27697.14 Eritrea668.50
20887.79 Cape Verde1006.33
16937.15 Lesotho878.31
16642.73 Gibraltar688.59
15351.56 Burundi844.33
14572.61 Aruba530.03
14426.63 The Gambia605.83
12841.75 French Guiana381.63
12109.43 Timor-Leste702.89
11979.99 Solomon Islands418.85
11784.24 Bermuda350.52
11499.64 Greenland582.22
10917.56 Guinea-Bissau346.02
10554.49 Central African Republic368.38
10377.37 Samoa468.45
10095.81 Antigua and Barbuda323.11
9927.02 Western Sahara264.76
7972.87 Cayman Islands358.01
7697.23 Belize278.45
6535.36 Vanuatu287.30
5801.44 Saint Lucia296.56
5532.02 Comoros317.70
5342.05 Tonga220.00
3894.50 São Tomé and Príncipe214.08
3513.12 Grenada142.70
3339.12 Cook Islands142.21
2807.59 Saint Kitts and Nevis118.78
2743.51 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines96.29
2309.85 Dominica79.85
2234.34 Saint Pierre and Miquelon40.11
2176.80 Kiribati97.44
1810.23 British Virgin Islands75.29
1676.65 Turks and Caicos Islands103.10
702.23 Anguilla22.96
519.46 Falkland Islands19.45
419.29 Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha17.77
88.33 Faroe Islands2.10
1424121724.86 Global Total39023937.04
192562445.97 European Union2512067.78
18071560.98International Aviation491632.31
26005116.55International Shipping706320.42

Maps and charts

See also

  • Climate change portal
  • Ecology portal
  • Environment portal
  • Energy portal

Notes

References

  1. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colourless, odourless and non-poisonous gas formed by combustion of carbon and in the respiration of living organisms and is considered a greenhouse gas. Emissions means the release of greenhouse gases and/or their precursors into the atmosphere over a specified area and period of time. Carbon dioxide emissions or CO2 emissions are emissions stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement; they include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels as well as gas flaring /wiki/Carbon_dioxide

  2. Crippa, M.; Guizzardi, D.; Pagani, F.; Banja, M.; Muntean, M.; Schaaf, E.; Monforti-Ferrario, F.; Becker, W.E.; Quadrelli, R.; Risquez Martin, A.; Taghavi-Moharamli, P.; Köykkä, J.; Grassi, G.; Rossi, S.; Melo, J.; Oom, D.; Branco, A.; San-Miguel, J.; Manca, G.; Pisoni, E.; Vignati, E.; Pekar, F. (2024). "GHG emissions of all world countries – 2024". Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. doi:10.2760/4002897. Retrieved 18 September 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/report_2024?vis=co2tot#data_download

  3. Global Carbon Project (2022)[5] The rate of build-up of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere can be reduced by taking advantage of the fact that atmospheric CO2 can accumulate as carbon in vegetation and soils in terrestrial ecosystems. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change any process, activity or mechanism which removes a greenhouse gas (GHG) from the atmosphere is referred to as a "sink". Human activities impact terrestrial sinks, through land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF), consequently, the exchange of CO2 (carbon cycle) between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere is altered.[6] /wiki/File:Global_carbon_cycle.png

  4. Quesada, Benjamin; Arneth, Almut; Robertson, Eddy; de Noblet-Ducoudré, Nathalie (2018). "Potential strong contribution of future anthropogenic land-use and land-cover change to the terrestrial carbon cycle". Environmental Research Letters. 13 (6). Bibcode:2018ERL....13f4023Q. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aac4c3. Retrieved 18 September 2024. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aac4c3

  5. Schrooten, L; De Vlieger, Ina; Int Panis, Luc; Styns, R. Torfs, K; Torfs, R (2008). "Inventory and forecasting of maritime emissions in the Belgian sea territory, an activity based emission model". Atmospheric Environment. 42 (4): 667–676. Bibcode:2008AtmEn..42..667S. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.071. S2CID 93958844. Retrieved 18 September 2024. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1352231007008837?via%3Dihub

  6. Crippa, M.; Guizzardi, D.; Pagani, F.; Banja, M.; Muntean, M.; Schaaf, E.; Monforti-Ferrario, F.; Becker, W.E.; Quadrelli, R.; Risquez Martin, A.; Taghavi-Moharamli, P.; Köykkä, J.; Grassi, G.; Rossi, S.; Melo, J.; Oom, D.; Branco, A.; San-Miguel, J.; Manca, G.; Pisoni, E.; Vignati, E.; Pekar, F. (2024). "GHG emissions of all world countries – 2024". Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. doi:10.2760/4002897. Retrieved 18 September 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/report_2024?vis=co2tot#data_download

  7. Crippa, M.; Guizzardi, D.; Pagani, F.; Banja, M.; Muntean, M.; Schaaf, E.; Monforti-Ferrario, F.; Becker, W.E.; Quadrelli, R.; Risquez Martin, A.; Taghavi-Moharamli, P.; Köykkä, J.; Grassi, G.; Rossi, S.; Melo, J.; Oom, D.; Branco, A.; San-Miguel, J.; Manca, G.; Pisoni, E.; Vignati, E.; Pekar, F. (2024). "GHG emissions of all world countries – 2024". Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. doi:10.2760/4002897. Retrieved 18 September 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/report_2024?vis=co2tot#data_download

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  9. "Chinese coal fuels rise in global carbon emissions". The Times. 14 November 2017. Retrieved 18 September 2024. https://www.thetimes.com/world/asia/article/chinese-coal-fuels-rise-in-global-carbon-emissions-2j0kvrd2z

  10. PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. "China now no. 1 in CO2 emissions; USA in second position". pbl.nl (in English and Dutch). Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving. Archived from the original on 15 August 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20140815113444/http://www.pbl.nl/en/dossiers/Climatechange/Chinanowno1inCO2emissionsUSAinsecondposition

  11. Roser, Max; Ritchie, Hannah (11 May 2017). "CO2 and other Greenhouse Gas Emissions". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2024. /wiki/Max_Roser

  12. Crippa, M.; Guizzardi, D.; Pagani, F.; Banja, M.; Muntean, M.; Schaaf, E.; Monforti-Ferrario, F.; Becker, W.E.; Quadrelli, R.; Risquez Martin, A.; Taghavi-Moharamli, P.; Köykkä, J.; Grassi, G.; Rossi, S.; Melo, J.; Oom, D.; Branco, A.; San-Miguel, J.; Manca, G.; Pisoni, E.; Vignati, E.; Pekar, F. (2024). "GHG emissions of all world countries – 2024". Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. doi:10.2760/4002897. Retrieved 18 September 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/report_2024?vis=co2tot#data_download

  13. Ritchie, Hannah; Roser, Max. "Per capita CO2 emissions". Our World in Data. Retrieved 18 September 2024. https://ourworldindata.org/co2-emissions#per-capita-co2-emissions

  14. Ritchie, Hannah (2019). "How do CO2 emissions compare when we adjust for trade?". Our World in Data. Retrieved 18 September 2024. https://ourworldindata.org/consumption-based-co2

  15. Klugman, Cornelia. "The EU, a world leader in fighting climate change". European Parliament Think Tank. Retrieved 18 September 2024. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_BRI(2018)621818

  16. IPCC (2021). "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis (Report). ISBN 978-92-9169-158-6. 978-92-9169-158-6

  17. Greenhouse gases (GHG) constitute a group of gases contributing to global warming and climate change. The Kyoto Protocol, an environmental agreement adopted by many of the parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1997 to curb global warming, nowadays covers seven greenhouse gases: the non-fluorinated gases: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), the fluorinated gases: hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), nitrogen trifluoride (NF3). Converting them to carbon dioxide (or CO2) equivalents makes it possible to compare them and to determine their individual and total contributions to global warming. /wiki/Greenhouse_gases

  18. Grubb, M. (July–September 2003). "The economics of the Kyoto protocol" (PDF). World Economics. 4 (3). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 18 September 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20110717152152/http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/rstaff/grubb/publications/J36.pdf

  19. Lerner, K. Lee; Lerner, Brenda Wilmoth (2006). "Environmental issues: essential primary sources". Detroit: Thomson Gale. ISBN 1414406258.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) 1414406258

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  21. Pan, Guanna; Xu, Yuan; Ma, Jieqi (1 January 2021). "The potential of CO2 satellite monitoring for climate governance: A review". Journal of Environmental Management. 277: 111423. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111423. ISSN 0301-4797. PMID 33031999. S2CID 222237434. Retrieved 18 September 2024. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479720313487

  22. Crippa, M.; Guizzardi, D.; Pagani, F.; Banja, M.; Muntean, M.; Schaaf, E.; Monforti-Ferrario, F.; Becker, W.E.; Quadrelli, R.; Risquez Martin, A.; Taghavi-Moharamli, P.; Köykkä, J.; Grassi, G.; Rossi, S.; Melo, J.; Oom, D.; Branco, A.; San-Miguel, J.; Manca, G.; Pisoni, E.; Vignati, E.; Pekar, F. (2024). "GHG emissions of all world countries – 2024". Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. doi:10.2760/4002897. Retrieved 18 September 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/report_2024?vis=co2tot#data_download