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25th century BC
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<h2 id="events">Events</h2> <ul><li>c. 2900–2334 BC: <a href="/facts/Mesopotamia/f0mmbhTK">Mesopotamian</a> wars of the <a href="/facts/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Mesopotamia)/BcFtVWBQ">Early Dynastic period</a>.</li> <li>c. 2500 BC: <a href="/facts/Rice/wvL1hBCz">Rice</a> was first introduced to <a href="/facts/Malaysia/8zbUMzCP">Malaysia</a></li> <li>c. 2500 BC: N1c Y-DNA first found from Europe from Serteya II<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a></li> <li>c. 2500 BC: <a href="/facts/Scribe/E6Kq8CJG">Scribal</a> schools flourish throughout <a href="/facts/Sumer/bxRz093q">Sumer</a>.</li> <li>c. 2500 BC: <a href="/facts/Assyria/n9pMP48S">Assyria</a> is established.</li> <li>c. 2500 BC: Cylinder seal from <a href="/facts/Sumer/bxRz093q">Sumer</a> and its impression are made. It is now in the <a href="/facts/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art/mLfcKgHF">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, New York.</li> <li>c. 2500 BC: Excavation and development of the <a href="/facts/Hypogeum_of_%25C4%25A6al-Saflieni/bwy6jaLn">Hypogeum of Ħal-Saflieni</a> at <a href="/facts/Paola%2c_Malta/slxbpUmV">Paola, Malta</a>, a subterranean temple complex subsequently used as a <a href="/facts/Necropolis/8CGLney2">necropolis</a>.</li> <li>c. 2500 BC: The <a href="/facts/Pyramid_of_Khafre/ydgkMEWR">Pyramid of Khafre</a>, <a href="/facts/Giza/00UFktws">Giza</a>, is built.</li> <li>c. 2500 BC: The sculpture <a href="/facts/Khafre_Enthroned/EWsUWVs6">Khafre Enthroned</a> is made.</li> <li>c. 2500 BC: People in <a href="/facts/Peru/dBt7XrYD">Peru</a> rely on fish and mussels for food.</li> <li>c. 2500 BC: Evidence of long-distance trade routes in <a href="/facts/South_America/PhrFEMk7">South America</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a></li> <li>c. 2500 BC: <a href="/facts/Skara_Brae/T1eYnspo">Skara Brae</a> is abandoned after approximately 600 years of occupation.</li> <li>c. 2500–2250 BC: <a href="/facts/Ebla_tablets/5at50hSG">Ebla tablets</a> are collected in the ancient city of <a href="/facts/Ebla/GqvmoDgH">Ebla</a>, <a href="/facts/Syria/7pDXGzq8">Syria</a>. Discovered by <a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF">Italian</a> archaeologist <a href="/facts/Paolo_Matthiae/LznD2Mdq">Paolo Matthiae</a> and his team in 1974–75, is considered to be the first, if not the oldest, inactive library being the <a href="/facts/Saint_Catherine%2527s_Monastery/4V00TPMI">St. Catherine's Monastery Library</a> (<a href="/facts/565/AoR138NV">565</a>) the oldest active one.</li> <li>c. 2500–2000 BC: <a href="/facts/Mohenjo-daro/aC8lQMa4">Mohenjo-daro</a> is about 7 square miles (18 km2) in size and has a population of c. 20,000 to 50,000.</li> <li>c. 2494–2345 BC: "Sculptors at work", relief from <a href="/facts/Saqqara/QtU8ETnb">Saqqara</a>, <a href="/facts/Fifth_Dynasty/19RH7yD4">Fifth Dynasty</a>. It is now at <a href="/facts/Egyptian_Museum/2xg6CWxL">Egyptian Museum</a>, <a href="/facts/Cairo/dXjj60ar">Cairo</a>, <a href="/facts/Egypt/8Ttg0JwB">Egypt</a>.</li> <li>c. 2494–2345 BC: <i><a href="/facts/The_Seated_Scribe/3q4J6Fu5">The Seated Scribe</a></i>, a sculpture found at <a href="/facts/Saqqara/QtU8ETnb">Saqqara</a>, <a href="/facts/Fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt/19RH7yD4">Fifth Dynasty of Egypt</a> is made. It is now in <a href="/facts/Mus%25C3%25A9e_du_Louvre/wtUVdNUF">Musée du Louvre</a>, Paris.</li> <li>2492 BC: Traditional date for the legendary foundation of <a href="/facts/Armenia/t3GQx9sU">Armenia</a> by <a href="/facts/Hayk/05ht1veQ">Hayk</a>.</li> <li>c. 2450 BC: End of the Early Dynastic IIIa Period and beginning of the Early Dynastic IIIb Period in <a href="/facts/Sumer/bxRz093q">Sumer</a>.</li> <li>c. 2450 BC: <a href="/facts/Kish_(Sumer)/hd2lAbY1">Kish</a> is lost to <a href="/facts/Hamazi/WcAfyWf2">Hamazi</a> tribesmen of the <a href="/facts/Kurdistan/bRDraJ2f">Kurdistan</a> mountains; <a href="/facts/Elam/qzj9ATAt">Elam</a> under the <a href="/facts/Awan_dynasty/EP9xDL6q">Awan dynasty</a> occupies parts of Sumer. (Roux 1980)</li> <li>c. 2410 BC: By this time, kings in <a href="/facts/Sumer/bxRz093q">Sumer</a> have ceased to be automatically high priests of the <a href="/facts/Sumerian_religion/pxGJU7Mq">city deity</a>. (Roux 1980) Infiltration and conquest of <a href="/facts/Mesopotamia/f0mmbhTK">Mesopotamia</a> by <a href="/facts/Ancient_Semitic-speaking_peoples/7A3KsAho">ancient Semitic-speaking peoples</a> begins. (1968 RD Almanac)</li> <li>c. 2400–2200 BC: Construction of <a href="/facts/Stonehenge/5TDRUktP">Stonehenge</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Megalithic_culture/wnyXzqda">Megalithic culture</a> begins to spread through Europe and the western Mediterranean. (1968 RD Almanac)</li> <li>Earliest signs of <a href="/facts/Corded_Ware_culture/mkshlGLV">Corded Ware culture</a> from the <a href="/facts/Caucasus/sE8P8Ejg">Caucasus</a>. (Encyc. Americana)</li> <li>Southeastern <a href="/facts/Spain/bIyrB8EY">Spain</a> is settled from the Mediterranean, by people using <a href="/facts/Prehistoric_Egypt/DGNDIHm5">Prehistoric Egyptian</a>-style pottery. (Encyc. Americana)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Amorites/phVjneVo">Amorites</a> and <a href="/facts/Canaanites/PyX3f92e">Canaanites</a> occupy <a href="/facts/Syria/7pDXGzq8">Syria</a> and <a href="/facts/Lebanon/2dReTXyp">Lebanon</a>. (Encyc. Americana)</li></ul> <h2 id="inventions-discoveries-introductions">Inventions, discoveries, introductions</h2> <ul><li>The <a href="/facts/Indus_Valley_civilisation/6xM4aK23">Indus Valley civilisation</a>, at its peak, covered an area of around 480,000 km2 (185,000 sq mi), an area just over half the size of present-day Pakistan. Its heartland lay in the <a href="/facts/Indus_River/7vTRHA4t">Indus River</a> in <a href="/facts/Pakistan/cbIsvJy1">Pakistan</a>, but settlements spread as far as the Makran coast, <a href="/facts/Balochistan/gwrWvcJE">Balochistan</a>, <a href="/facts/Afghanistan/v63Auu1C">Afghanistan</a>, eastern <a href="/facts/Punjab_(region)/gyyuKVSp">Punjab</a>, <a href="/facts/Kutch_district/Vx4Bh8MA">Kutch</a> and <a href="/facts/Saurashtra_(region)/FV9z7bXj">Saurashtra</a>. They included cities like <a href="/facts/Harappa/bKWEUjH0">Harappa</a>, <a href="/facts/Mohenjo-daro/aC8lQMa4">Mohenjo-daro</a>, <a href="/facts/Kalibangan/S6HT1GqR">Kalibangan</a>, <a href="/facts/Dholavira/APzMFAPQ">Dholavira</a>, ports like <a href="/facts/Lothal/hdAJu6Uf">Lothal</a>, <a href="/facts/Sutkagan_Dor/exh1uHne">Sutkagen-dor</a> and <a href="/facts/Sokhta_Koh/MIp4YVyA">Sokhta Koh</a> and numerous villages as well. They used irrigation to farm and constructed cities. The two main cities had sewage systems, bronze, trade tokens (early coins), and hieroglyphs. There were even baths at one of the villages, besides the great baths of brick in each city.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Sahure/DYd0xeW2">Sahure</a> is the earliest known king to make use of a high-seas navy to transport troops over the sea.</li> <li>The earliest known example of a <a href="/facts/Sewn_boat/w2MrGTjS">sewn boat</a> is constructed in Egypt.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Cycladic_art/snX7Unxa">Cycladic marble figures</a> depict the use of both the musical <a href="/facts/Pipe_(instrument)/nCVs1JNJ">pipe</a> and the <a href="/facts/Cithara/zP3L04TP">cithara</a>. (Archaeology of the Olympics 1988)</li> <li>Earliest surviving <a href="/facts/Ski/5wD7CfLa">ski</a> is left in a <a href="/facts/Bog/LuPbb2qV">bog</a> at <a href="/facts/Hoting/jwedQ0tD">Hoting</a>, <a href="/facts/Sweden/u3qC7lyj">Sweden</a>, about this time. (Encyc. Americana)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Sumer/bxRz093q">Sumerians</a> use domestic <a href="/facts/Donkey/xkn4K2IJ">donkeys</a> on war <a href="/facts/Chariot/cSydqVFQ">chariots</a> (Standard of Ur), not <a href="/facts/Onager/vasweQrg">onagers</a> as early interpreters claimed. (Clutton-Brock)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Agriculture/TGztqzJs">Agriculture</a> at <a href="/facts/Huaca_Prieta/efSUc4oM">Huaca Prieta</a> includes <a href="/facts/Cotton/efXRcjbn">cotton</a> and <a href="/facts/Calabash/mKnq7gHN">calabashes</a>. (Bailey 1973)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Statue_of_Ebih-Il/lYgl3jK9">Statue of Ebih-Il</a>, at <a href="/facts/Mari%2c_Syria/qoSW361g">Mari</a></li></ul> Wikimedia Commons has media related to 25th century BC. <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Mazurkevich, Andrey; Dolbunova, Ekaterina (2011-04-08), "Underwater Investigations in Northwest Russia:", Submerged Prehistory, Oxbow Books, pp. 158–172, retrieved 2025-04-22 <a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh1dx0v.18" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh1dx0v.18</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Timelines of History: The Ultimate Visual Guide to the Events That Shaped the World. Dorling Kindersley. 2011. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-7566-8945-2. <a href="978-0-7566-8945-2" target="_blank">978-0-7566-8945-2</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>