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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/Open-source_video_game/YgEJCJIc">Open-source video game § History</a></p> <p>Linux gaming started largely as an extension of the already present <a href="/facts/Unix/0pNL2seI">Unix</a> gaming scene,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> which dates back to that <a href="/facts/History_of_Unix/TNaH2xxb">system's conception</a> in 1969 with the game <i><a href="/facts/Space_Travel_(video_game)/K9vl18gY">Space Travel</a></i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a>[<i>self-published source?</i>] and the <a href="/facts/History_of_Unix/TNaH2xxb">first edition</a> in 1971,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> with both systems sharing many similar titles.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a>[<i>self-published source?</i>] These games were mostly either arcade and parlour type games or text adventures using libraries like <a href="/facts/Curses_(programming_library)/IdMt3bH8">curses</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> A notable example of this are the "<a href="/facts/Berkley_Software_Distribution/XQKcURrh">BSD</a> Games", a collection of <a href="/facts/Interactive_fiction/1gG7AC6k">interactive fiction</a> and other <a href="/facts/Text-based_game/dsmwTWNq">text-mode amusements</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/Free_software/IaoVtJXn">free software</a> philosophy and <a href="/facts/Open-source_software/HzTaB8E9">open-source</a> methodology which drove the development of the operating system in general also spawned the creation of various early free games.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p><p>Popular early titles included <i><a href="/facts/Netrek/EEGVMLcq">Netrek</a></i> and the various <i><a href="/facts/Asteroids_(video_game)/KVS49vQg">XAsteroids</a></i>, <i>XBattle</i>, <i><a href="/facts/XBill/jnJbxuvo">XBill</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Breakout_(video_game)/4G7LJqCF">XBoing</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Bomberman/nQKXSl67">X-Bomber</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/XConq/bswSvbVe">XConq</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Digger_(video_game)/kuHp028g">XDigger</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Tetris/djLfTK0n">XEmeraldia</a></i>, <i>XEvil</i>, <i><a href="/facts/Galaga/dwSCS0TP">XGalaga</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Backgammon/53mgqvtv">XGammon</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Lunar_Lander_(video_game_genre)/QM3b5IRq">XLander</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Conway%27s_Game_of_Life/ofHgJmmb">XLife</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Mahjong/LaQUxpTe">XMahjong</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Minesweeper_(video_game)/yn8sb9b5">XMine</a></i>, <i>XSoldier</i>, <i><a href="/facts/XPilot/rbHcfwEd">XPilot</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Chase_(video_game)/bVReIqIy">XRobots</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Rubik%27s_Cube/Nlq35AbS">XRubiks</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Shogi/z12HJ3vB">XShogi</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Lode_Runner/58pgfu4U">XScavenger</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Tetris/djLfTK0n">XTris</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Tron_(video_game)/7u8kVbCj">XTron</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Tic-tac-toe/EcwN1Rab">XTic</a></i> and <i>XTux</i> games using the <a href="/facts/X_Window_System/ac2vRIQL">X Window System</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> Other games targeted or also supported the <a href="/facts/SVGAlib/mSXxl68G">SVGAlib</a> library allowing them to run without a <a href="/facts/Windowing_system/nKYmkjP6">windowing system</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> such as <i><a href="/facts/LinCity/KQxx4Tqe">LinCity</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Maelstrom_(1992_video_game)/HQAceA08">Maelstrom</a></i>, <i>Sasteroids</i>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> and <i>SABRE</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/General_Graphics_Interface/nIelHJaz">General Graphics Interface</a> was also utilized<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> for games like <i>U.R.B.A.N The Cyborg Project</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> and <i><a href="/facts/Duke_Nukem_(video_game)/1lJbgo8g">Dave Gnukem</a></i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> ported from <a href="/facts/MS-DOS/fVrrz1uN">MS-DOS</a>. As the operating system itself grew and expanded, the amount of free and open-source games also increased in scale and complexity, with both <a href="/facts/Video_game_clone/gCMDXVeR">clones</a> of historically popular releases beginning with <i><a href="/facts/BZFlag/Qvmc9Eul">BZFlag</a></i>, <i>LinCity</i>, and <i><a href="/facts/FreeCiv/yeStt1Mo">FreeCiv</a></i>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> as well as original creations such as <i><a href="/facts/Rocks%27n%27Diamonds/GAo49Gxv">Rocks'n'Diamonds</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Cube_(video_game)/oPAgjC7I">Cube</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/The_Battle_for_Wesnoth/becocnCQ">The Battle for Wesnoth</a></i>, and <i><a href="/facts/Tux_Racer/ylC3sN3p">Tux Racer</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> </p> <h3>1994</h3> <p>The beginning of Linux as a gaming platform for commercial video games is widely credited to have begun in 1994 when <a href="/facts/Dave_D._Taylor/f9wqRQv3">Dave D. Taylor</a> ported the game <i><a href="/facts/Doom_(1993_video_game)/KA6n0GoY">Doom</a></i> to Linux, as well as many other systems, during his spare time.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Shareware/TAhIvJXt">Shareware</a> copies of the game were included on various Linux discs,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> including those packed in with <a href="/facts/Reference_book/7Fq2pIYG">reference books</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> </p><p><i><a href="/facts/Ancient_Domains_of_Mystery/a6g7xQhB">Ancient Domains of Mystery</a></i> was also released for Linux in 1994 by <a href="/facts/Thomas_Biskup/s1X0dvlg">Thomas Biskup</a>, building on the <a href="/facts/Roguelike/vwUSgDVe">roguelike</a> legacy of games such as <i><a href="/facts/Moria_(1983_video_game)/y0MjcfaM">Moria</a></i> and its descendent <i><a href="/facts/Angband_(video_game)/ApN4DMuS">Angband</a></i>, but more specifically <i><a href="/facts/Hack_(video_game)/osYqfh8n">Hack</a></i> and <i><a href="/facts/NetHack/qzbMvK3X">NetHack</a></i>. </p> <h3>1995</h3> <p>From there Taylor would also help found the development studio <a href="/facts/Crack_dot_Com/uFU6k2yG">Crack dot Com</a>, which released the video game <i><a href="/facts/Abuse_(video_game)/k3K3LH49">Abuse</a></i>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> with the game's Linux port even being distributed by Linux vendors <a href="/facts/Red_Hat/5rhmBLBa">Red Hat</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/Caldera_(company)/kynkzN7d">Caldera</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> The studio's never finished <i><a href="/facts/Golgotha_(video_game)/m8yGlcu9">Golgotha</a></i> was also slated to be released by Red Hat in box.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> </p><p>In 1991 DUX Software contracted Don Hopkins to port <i><a href="/facts/SimCity_(1989_video_game)/EgVxvwgg">SimCity</a></i> to Unix,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a> which he ported to Linux in 1995 and eventually released as open source for the <a href="/facts/OLPC_XO/fD7rnkbb">OLPC XO Laptop</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> </p><p>A website called The Linux Game Tome, also known as HappyPenguin after its <a href="/facts/URL/pPD5g7Wq">URL</a>, was begun by <a href="/facts/Tessa_Lau/Bw9469ee">Tessa Lau</a> in 1995 to catalogue games created for or ported to Linux from the <a href="/facts/Ibiblio/nJNrxxPa">SunSITE</a> game directories as well as other classic X11 games for a collection of just over 100 titles.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a> </p> <h3>1996–1997</h3> <p><a href="/facts/Id_Software/NsbHCMsV">id Software</a>, the original developers of <i>Doom</i>, also <a href="/facts/Id_Software/NsbHCMsV">continued to</a> release their products for Linux. Their game <i><a href="/facts/Quake_(video_game)/M5YkzHvT">Quake</a></i> was ported to Linux via <a href="/facts/X11/ac2vRIQL">X11</a> in 1996, once again by Dave D. Taylor working in his free time.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> An <a href="/facts/SVGALib/mSXxl68G">SVGALib</a> version was also later produced by Greg Alexander in 1997 using recently leaked source code, but was later mainlined by id.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> Later id products continued to be ported by Zoid Kirsch<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/Timothee_Besset/3T3J8hkw">Timothee Besset</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> a practice that continued until the studio's acquisition by <a href="/facts/ZeniMax_Media/IruoIHdz">ZeniMax Media</a> in 2009.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a> Initially, Zoid Kirsch was responsible for maintaining the Linux version of Quake and porting QuakeWorld to Linux. </p><p><i><a href="/facts/Inner_Worlds_(video_game)/S1hmuzQc">Inner Worlds</a></i> was released for and developed on Linux.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a> <i>The UNIX Book of Games</i>, a 1996 publication by Janice Winsor, described various games with an accompanying CD-ROM containing executables and source code for <a href="/facts/Linux/9FvCKSTq">Linux</a> and <a href="/facts/SCO_Unix/MuIplPGX">SCO Unix</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a> </p> <h3>1998</h3> <p>The Linux Game Tome was taken over by Bob Zimbinski in 1998 eventually growing to over 2000 entries, sponsored by retailer Penguin Computing and later <a href="/facts/Linux_Game_Publishing/BqzWbhFV">LGP</a> until it went down in 2013, although mirrors still exist.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a> </p><p>The site LinuxGames covered news and commentary from November 1998 until its host Atomicgamer went down in 2015.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a> It was established by Marvin Malkowski, head of the Telefragged gaming network, alongside Al Koskelin and Dustin Reyes;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a> Reyes passed away August 8, 2023.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a> </p><p>Zoid Kirsch from id Software ported Quake II to Linux. Two programmers from <a href="/facts/Origin_Systems/J5EoyA3I">Origin</a> ported <i><a href="/facts/Ultima_Online/SADkx6sX">Ultima Online</a></i> to Linux and MP Entertainment released an adventure game <i><a href="/facts/Hopkins_FBI/7YDFDEyo">Hopkins FBI</a></i> for Linux<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a> </p><p>On November 9, 1998, a new software firm called <a href="/facts/Loki_Software/uIaFjX02">Loki Software</a> was founded by Scott Draeker, a former lawyer who became interested in porting games to Linux after being introduced to the system through his work as a software licensing attorney.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a> Loki, although a commercial failure, is credited with the birth of the modern Linux game industry.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a> Loki developed several free software tools, such as the Loki installer (also known as Loki Setup),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a> and supported the development of the <a href="/facts/Simple_DirectMedia_Layer/9tSff0Lg">Simple DirectMedia Layer</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a> as well as starting the <a href="/facts/OpenAL/dM93Da1W">OpenAL</a> audio library project.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a> These are still often credited as being the cornerstones of Linux game development.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a> They were also responsible for bringing nineteen high-profile games to the platform before its closure in 2002. </p> <h3>1999</h3> <p>Loki published <i><a href="/facts/Civilization:_Call_to_Power/n9pB0ds1">Civilization: Call to Power</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Eric%27s_Ultimate_Solitaire/QhDhp4Y9">Eric's Ultimate Solitaire</a></i>, Heretic II, Heroes of Might and Magic III, Railroad Tycoon II: Gold Edition, Quake III: Arena, and Unreal Tournament for Linux.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a> </p><p>Loki's initial success also attracted other firms to invest in the Linux gaming market, such as Tribsoft, <a href="/facts/Hyperion_Entertainment/Vd9yWYoh">Hyperion Entertainment</a>, <a href="/facts/Macmillan_Publishers_(United_States)/TU1Mj824">Macmillan Digital Publishing USA</a>, Titan Computer, <a href="/facts/Xatrix_Entertainment/3HNB7fyJ">Xatrix Entertainment</a>, <a href="/facts/Philos_Laboratories/v9C2SoWN">Philos Laboratories</a>, and <a href="/facts/Vicarious_Visions/CQEXCvPg">Vicarious Visions</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a> </p><p>The ports of <i>Quake</i> and <i>Quake II</i> were released physically by <a href="/facts/Macmillan_Computer_Publishing/enNEBMM2">Macmillan Computer Publishing</a> USA,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a> while <i>Quake III</i> was released for Linux by <a href="/facts/Loki_Software/uIaFjX02">Loki Software</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a> Red Hat had previously passed on publishing <i>Quake</i> for Linux, since it was not <a href="/facts/Open-source/7X9rCdz4">open-source</a> at the time.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a> </p><p>Philos Laboratories released a Linux version of <i><a href="/facts/Theocracy_(computer_game)/3x1uAHAD">Theocracy</a></i> on the retail disk. Ryan "Ridah" Feltrin from Xatrix Entertainment released a Linux version of <i><a href="/facts/Kingpin:_Life_of_Crime/XWFdQBgu">Kingpin: Life of Crime</a></i>. </p><p>BlackHoleSun Software released <i>Krilo</i> and Futureware 2001 released a trading simulation Würstelstand for Linux. <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a> </p><p>The <a href="/facts/Indrema_Entertainment_System/hyedeoxC">Indrema Entertainment System</a> (also known as the L600) was also in development since 1999 as a Linux based <a href="/facts/Home_video_game_console/zP1RTC84">game console</a> and <a href="/facts/Digital_media_player/sXozrqGf">digital media player</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a> but production halted in 2001 due to a lack of investment,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68"><sup>68</sup></a> although the TuxBox project attempted a continuation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69"><sup>69</sup></a> </p> <h3>2000</h3> <p>Loki published Descent 3, Heavy Gear II, SimCity 3000, and Soldier of Fortune for Linux. They also released the expansion Descent 3: Mercenary as the downloadable Linux installer.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70"><sup>70</sup></a> </p><p>Hyperion Entertainment ported Sin to Linux published by Titan Computer. Vicarious Visions ported the space-flight game <i><a href="/facts/Terminus_(2000_video_game)/g5jc9umD">Terminus</a></i> to Linux. <a href="/facts/Mountain_King_Studios/b3Ao9WDN">Mountain King Studios</a> released a port of <i><a href="/facts/Raptor:_Call_of_the_Shadows/9HdW3DtS">Raptor: Call of the Shadows</a></i> and CipSoft published the Linux client of Tibia. <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71"><sup>71</sup></a> </p><p>Boutell.com ported <i><a href="/facts/Exile_III:_Ruined_World/Bn7q1JId">Exile III: Ruined World</a></i> to Linux, which was a game created by <a href="/facts/Spiderweb_Software/B1Ucf3cD">Spiderweb Software</a>. </p><p>During this time Michael Simms founded <a href="/facts/Linux_Game_Publishing/BqzWbhFV">Tux Games</a>, one of the first online Linux game retailers,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72"><sup>72</sup></a> later followed by Fun 4 Tux,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73"><sup>73</sup></a> Wupra,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74"><sup>74</sup></a> ixsoft, and LinuxPusher.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75"><sup>75</sup></a> </p><p>The period also saw a number of commercial compilations released,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76"><sup>76</sup></a> such as <i>100 Great Linux Games</i> by <a href="/facts/Global_Star_Software/U4BxJQDE">Global Star Software</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77"><sup>77</sup></a> <i>Linux Games</i> by <a href="/facts/Walnut_Creek_CDROM/IgCmAXSC">Walnut Creek CDROM</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78"><sup>78</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79"><sup>79</sup></a> <i>Linux Games++</i> by <a href="/facts/Turbolinux/ut2w8Hyp">Pacific Hitech</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80"><sup>80</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81"><sup>81</sup></a> <i>Linux Cubed Series 8 LINUX Games</i> by Omeron Systems,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82"><sup>82</sup></a> <i>Best Linux Games</i> by SOT Finnish Software Engineering,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83"><sup>83</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84"><sup>84</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85"><sup>85</sup></a> <i>LinuxCenter Games Collection</i>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86"><sup>86</sup></a> <i>Linux Games & Entertainment for X Windows</i> by Hemming,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87"><sup>87</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88"><sup>88</sup></a> <i>Linux Spiele & Games</i> by more software,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89"><sup>89</sup></a> <i>Linux Spiele</i> by Franzis Verlag,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90"><sup>90</sup></a> and <i>play it! Linux: Die Spielesammlung</i> by S.A.D. Software.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91"><sup>91</sup></a> Numerous <a href="/facts/Linux_distributions/0vVl4N4f">Linux distributions</a> and collections packed in Loki games and demos,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92"><sup>92</sup></a> including <a href="/facts/Red_Hat_Linux/kIU5PueU">Red Hat Linux</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93"><sup>93</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Corel_Linux/EtSHrCwc">Corel Linux</a> and <a href="/facts/WordPerfect_Office/x0R6HU9f">WordPerfect Office</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94"><sup>94</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95"><sup>95</sup></a> and the complete <i><a href="/facts/Eric%27s_Ultimate_Solitaire/QhDhp4Y9">Eric's Ultimate Solitaire</a></i> bundled with PowerPlant by TheKompany.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:96" href="#fn:96"><sup>96</sup></a> </p> <h3>2001</h3> <p>Loki published Heavy Metal: F.A.K.K.², Kohan: Immortal Sovereigns, MindRover: The Europa Project, Myth II: Soulblighter, Postal Plus, Rune, Rune: Halls of Valhalla, Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri, and Tribes 2 for Linux. <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:97" href="#fn:97"><sup>97</sup></a> </p><p>Linux Game Publishing was founded in 2001 in response to the impending demise of Loki. Creature Labs ported <i><a href="/facts/Creatures_(artificial_life_program)/6hTmoU1K">Creatures: Internet Edition</a></i> to Linux, which was published by LGP. </p><p>Hyperion Entertainment ported Shogo: Mobile Armor Division to Linux, and Tribsoft created a Linux version of Jagged Alliance 2, both published by Titan Computer. </p><p><a href="/facts/Illwinter_Game_Design/uG4Kvufp">Illwinter Game Design</a> released <a href="/facts/Conquest_of_Elysium_II/7kcuq9Qm">Conquest of Elysium II</a> and Dominions: Priests, Prophets & Pretenders for Linux. <a href="/facts/Introversion_Software/dEjVebsV">Introversion Software</a> released <a href="/facts/Uplink/wCxVKCKo">Uplink</a> for Linux. </p><p>BlackHoleSun Software released <i>Bunnies</i>, and worked on <i>Atlantis: The Underwater City - Interactive Storybook</i> published by Sterling Entertainment.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:98" href="#fn:98"><sup>98</sup></a> </p><p>GLAMUS GmbH released a Linux version of their game <i><a href="/facts/Mobility_(computer_game)/lj6S0o0M">Mobility</a></i> and Oliver Hamann released the driving game <i>Odyssey by Car</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:99" href="#fn:99"><sup>99</sup></a> </p><p>Small Rockets published Small Rockets BackGammon, Small Rockets Mah Jongg, and Small Rockets Poker for Linux. </p><p>The company <a href="/facts/Findev/MNq7zaEM">TransGaming</a> marketed as a monthly subscription its own proprietary fork of <a href="/facts/Wine_(software)/JF0wHs7y">Wine</a> called WineX in October 2001, later renamed <a href="/facts/Cedega_(software)/m3B0cV8r">Cedega</a> in 2004 and discontinued in 2011, which aimed for greater compatibility with <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Windows/bwhAhuSL">Microsoft Windows</a> games. A special Gaming Edition of <a href="/facts/Mandrake_Linux/bTW1XbAp">Mandrake Linux</a> 8.1 was released that featured WineX packed in with <i><a href="/facts/The_Sims_(video_game)/2Ct3tVYK">The Sims</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:100" href="#fn:100"><sup>100</sup></a> The fact that the fork of Wine did not release source back to the main project was also a point of contention, despite promises to release code after achieving a set number of subscribers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:101" href="#fn:101"><sup>101</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:102" href="#fn:102"><sup>102</sup></a> </p><p>The release of <a href="/facts/ScummVM/6cqwuU9o">ScummVM</a> in 2001,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:103" href="#fn:103"><sup>103</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Dosbox/Du2egHYo">Dosbox</a> in 2002,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:104" href="#fn:104"><sup>104</sup></a> as well as <a href="/facts/Video_game_console_emulator/lps69Dn3">video game console emulators</a> like <a href="/facts/MAME/4VkQ6d9z">MAME</a> from 1997 and released as open source in 2016, helped make Linux a viable platform for <a href="/facts/Retro_gaming/HJCx4v04">retro gaming</a> (facilitated by the <a href="/facts/RetroArch/to2vVkUL">RetroArch</a> frontend since 2010).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:105" href="#fn:105"><sup>105</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:106" href="#fn:106"><sup>106</sup></a> This is especially the case for the <a href="/facts/GP2X/VSdeSIrg">GP2X</a> series of <a href="/facts/Handheld_game_console/l1hmKVPx">handheld game consoles</a> by <a href="/facts/GamePark_Holdings/eMcWw5du">GamePark Holdings</a> in addition to the community driven <a href="/facts/Pandora_(computer)/D2og4tqV">Pandora</a> and <a href="/facts/DragonBox_Pyra/BWGAzzIf">DragonBox Pyra</a>. Dedicated <a href="/facts/Emulation_(computing)/FMHE8qDj">emulation</a> setups are also built on <a href="/facts/Single-board_computers/JaBPWTKF">single-board computers</a> like the <a href="/facts/Raspberry_Pi/Ie6Lx9n5">Raspberry Pi</a> released in 2012, which are most often <a href="/facts/Linux/9FvCKSTq">Linux</a> based including with <a href="/facts/Raspberry_Pi_OS/YGjcyaN7">Raspberry Pi OS</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:107" href="#fn:107"><sup>107</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Wine_(software)/JF0wHs7y">Wine</a> is also useful for running older Windows games,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:108" href="#fn:108"><sup>108</sup></a> including <a href="/facts/16-bit/bTGS44Ne">16-bit</a> and even some <a href="/facts/32-bit/TDMVce8s">32-bit</a> applications that no longer work on modern <a href="/facts/64-bit/AgvkQHkM">64-bit</a> Windows.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:109" href="#fn:109"><sup>109</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/Sharp_Zaurus/QeFs260v">Sharp Zaurus</a> <a href="/facts/Personal_data_assistant/fLTT1Uqy">personal data assistants</a> adopted a Linux derived system called <a href="/facts/OpenZaurus/fg0oezqd">OpenZaurus</a>, which attracted its own gaming scene.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:110" href="#fn:110"><sup>110</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:111" href="#fn:111"><sup>111</sup></a> This was also the case with the <a href="/facts/Agenda_VR3/wo97ppmV">Agenda VR3</a>, advertised as the first "pure Linux PDA".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:112" href="#fn:112"><sup>112</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:113" href="#fn:113"><sup>113</sup></a> </p> <h3>2002</h3> <p>After Loki's closure, the Linux game market experienced some changes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:114" href="#fn:114"><sup>114</sup></a> Although some new firms, such as <a href="/facts/Linux_Game_Publishing/BqzWbhFV">Linux Game Publishing</a> and RuneSoft, would largely continue the role of a standard porting house,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:115" href="#fn:115"><sup>115</sup></a> the focus began to change with Linux game proponents encouraging game developers to port their game products themselves or through individual contractors.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:116" href="#fn:116"><sup>116</sup></a> Influential to this was <a href="/facts/Ryan_C._Gordon/Dzll9uNL">Ryan C. Gordon</a>, a former Loki employee who would over the next decade port several game titles to multiple platforms, including Linux.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:117" href="#fn:117"><sup>117</sup></a> </p><p>Ryan ported America's Army, Candy Cruncher, Serious Sam: The First Encounter, and Unreal Tournament 2003 to Linux.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:118" href="#fn:118"><sup>118</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:119" href="#fn:119"><sup>119</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:120" href="#fn:120"><sup>120</sup></a> </p><p>Linux Game Publishing had initially tried to pick up the support rights to many of Loki's titles, but in the end it was only able to acquire the rights to MindRover: The Europa Project. They released the updated version of Mindrover and its downloadable update for owners of the old Loki version.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:121" href="#fn:121"><sup>121</sup></a> </p><p>Return to Castle Wolfenstein was released for <a href="/facts/Linux/9FvCKSTq">Linux</a> and with the Linux port done in-house by <a href="/facts/Timothee_Besset/3T3J8hkw">Timothee Besset</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:122" href="#fn:122"><sup>122</sup></a> </p><p>Chronic logic released Bridge Construction Set and Triptych for Linux. </p><p>Sunspire Studios released in retail commercial expansion of the game titled <i><a href="/facts/Tux_Racer/ylC3sN3p">Tux Racer</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:123" href="#fn:123"><sup>123</sup></a> </p> <h3>2003</h3> <p>Ryan ported Devastation, Medal of Honor Allied Assault, and Serious Sam: The Second Encounter to Linux.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:124" href="#fn:124"><sup>124</sup></a> </p><p>LGP took interest in publishing Pyrogon games on physical CDs and they released Candy Cruncher.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:125" href="#fn:125"><sup>125</sup></a> Mathieu Pinard from Tribsoft got LGP in contact with Cyberlore to save the Linux port of Majesty because Titan Computer get out of Linux publishing. This turn of events helped LGP to release a Majesty for Linux after Pinard closed his company in 2002.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:126" href="#fn:126"><sup>126</sup></a> </p><p>Timothee Bessett from id Software ported Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory to Linux.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:127" href="#fn:127"><sup>127</sup></a> </p><p>Around this time many companies, <a href="/facts/John_Carmack/PKRfqBQn">starting with</a> id Software, also began to release legacy <a href="/facts/Source_code/o9J6Jv23">source code</a> leading to a proliferation of <a href="/facts/Source_port/6z2qbY4I">source ports</a> of older games to Linux and other systems.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:128" href="#fn:128"><sup>128</sup></a> This also <a href="/facts/Open-source_video_game/YgEJCJIc">helped expand</a> the already existing free and open-source gaming scene, especially with regards to the creation of free <a href="/facts/First_person_shooters/LQQX6yAw">first person shooters</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:129" href="#fn:129"><sup>129</sup></a> In addition, numerous <a href="/facts/Game_engine_recreation/C0ClIkc3">game engine recreations</a> have <a href="/facts/List_of_game_engine_recreations/XNqMFtFe">been produced</a> to varying levels of accuracy using <a href="/facts/Reverse_engineering/pmJCV7J7">reverse engineering</a> or underlying engine code supporting the original game files including on Linux and other niche systems.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:130" href="#fn:130"><sup>130</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:131" href="#fn:131"><sup>131</sup></a> </p> <h3>2004</h3> <p>Ryan ported Unreal Tournament 2004 to Linux for Epic Games<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:132" href="#fn:132"><sup>132</sup></a> and Timothee Bessett from id Software ported Doom 3 to Linux.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:133" href="#fn:133"><sup>133</sup></a> </p><p>David Hedbor, founder and main programmer of <a href="/facts/Eon_Games/59N5khJQ">Eon Games</a> ported <i>NingPo MahJong</i> and <i><a href="/facts/Hyperspace_Delivery_Boy!/Y3BA7Q35">Hyperspace Delivery Boy!</a></i> to Linux, which later were published by LGP.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:134" href="#fn:134"><sup>134</sup></a> </p> <h3>2005–2007</h3> <p>Ryan ported Postal²: Share The Pain to Linux published by LGP.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:135" href="#fn:135"><sup>135</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/CodeWeavers/tUAkKksa">CodeWeavers</a> offered an enhanced version of Wine called <a href="/facts/CrossOver/a9u8qods">CrossOver Games</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:136" href="#fn:136"><sup>136</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:137" href="#fn:137"><sup>137</sup></a> The reliance on such compatibility layers remains controversial with concerns that it hinders growth in native development,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:138" href="#fn:138"><sup>138</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:139" href="#fn:139"><sup>139</sup></a> although this approach was defended based on Loki's demise.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:140" href="#fn:140"><sup>140</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:141" href="#fn:141"><sup>141</sup></a> <a href="/facts/PlayOnLinux/ePHbCCez">PlayOnLinux</a>, established in 2007, provides a community alternative,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:142" href="#fn:142"><sup>142</sup></a> with various guides being written on how to get games to run through Wine.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:143" href="#fn:143"><sup>143</sup></a> </p> <h3>2008–2011</h3> <p>The Linux gaming market also started to experience some growth towards the end of the decade with the rise of <a href="/facts/Independent_video_game_development/yacpsYTA">independent video game development</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:144" href="#fn:144"><sup>144</sup></a> with many "indie" developers <a href="/facts/Mac_gaming/aXjzqVmJ">favouring support</a> for multiple platforms.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:145" href="#fn:145"><sup>145</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/Humble_Indie_Bundle/e9P7txcB">Humble Indie Bundle</a> initiatives inaugurated in 2010 helped to formally demonstrate this trend,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:146" href="#fn:146"><sup>146</sup></a> with Linux users representing a sizable population of their purchase base, as well as consistently being the most financially generous in terms of actual money spent.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:147" href="#fn:147"><sup>147</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:148" href="#fn:148"><sup>148</sup></a> The Humble Indie Bundle V in 2012 faced controversy for featuring a Wine-based release of <i><a href="/facts/Limbo_(video_game)/yfNsbRX4">Limbo</a></i> prepared by <a href="/facts/CodeWeavers/tUAkKksa">CodeWeavers</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:149" href="#fn:149"><sup>149</sup></a> while a native version was later released in 2014.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:150" href="#fn:150"><sup>150</sup></a> Humble eventually began offering Windows-only games in their bundles and on their store.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:151" href="#fn:151"><sup>151</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:152" href="#fn:152"><sup>152</sup></a> </p><p>In 2009, the small indie game company Entourev LLC published <i>Voltley</i> to Linux which is the first commercial exclusive game for this operating system.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:153" href="#fn:153"><sup>153</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:154" href="#fn:154"><sup>154</sup></a> In the same year, LGP released <i><a href="/facts/Shadowgrounds/Gp1HxDq4">Shadowgrounds</a></i> which was the first commercial game for Linux using the Nvidia PhysX middleware.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:155" href="#fn:155"><sup>155</sup></a> The GamingOnLinux website was launched on July 4, 2009, and eventually succeeded LinuxGames as the main source of news and commentary.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:156" href="#fn:156"><sup>156</sup></a> </p><p>The release of a Linux version of <a href="/facts/Desura/QyEPPXAh">Desura</a> in 2011,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:157" href="#fn:157"><sup>157</sup></a> a <a href="/facts/Digital_distribution/9gbe83sK">digital distribution</a> platform with a primary focus on small <a href="/facts/Independent_game_development/yacpsYTA">independent developers</a>, was heralded by several commentators as an important step to greater acknowledgement of Linux as a gaming platform.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:158" href="#fn:158"><sup>158</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:159" href="#fn:159"><sup>159</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:160" href="#fn:160"><sup>160</sup></a> Shortly before this, <a href="/facts/Canonical_(company)/76WPw1uW">Canonical</a> launched the <a href="/facts/Ubuntu_Software_Center/NgFGoyTR">Ubuntu Software Center</a> which also sold digital games.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:161" href="#fn:161"><sup>161</sup></a> The digital store Gameolith also launched in 2011 focused principally on Linux before expanding in 2012 and closing in 2014.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:162" href="#fn:162"><sup>162</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:163" href="#fn:163"><sup>163</sup></a> </p> <h3>2012–2016</h3> <p>In July 2012, game developer and content distributor <a href="/facts/Valve_Corporation/zlRE5vJL">Valve</a> announced a port of their <a href="/facts/Source_(game_engine)/5sHPl3hr">Source engine</a> for Linux as well as stating their intention to release their <a href="/facts/Steam_(service)/nrpWwLA9">Steam</a> digital distribution service for Linux.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:164" href="#fn:164"><sup>164</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:165" href="#fn:165"><sup>165</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:166" href="#fn:166"><sup>166</sup></a> The potential availability of a Linux Steam client had already attracted other developers to consider porting their titles to Linux,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:167" href="#fn:167"><sup>167</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:168" href="#fn:168"><sup>168</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:169" href="#fn:169"><sup>169</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:170" href="#fn:170"><sup>170</sup></a> including previously <a href="/facts/Mac_OS/EkobAhow">Mac OS</a> only porting houses such as <a href="/facts/Aspyr_Media/be56bNyC">Aspyr Media</a> and <a href="/facts/Feral_Interactive/V98Vmd0d">Feral Interactive</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:171" href="#fn:171"><sup>171</sup></a> </p><p>In November 2012, <a href="/facts/Unity_Technologies/XYuT93af">Unity Technologies</a> ported their <a href="/facts/Unity_(game_engine)/GsM1fEUG">Unity engine</a> and game creation system to Linux starting with version 4. All of the games created with the Unity engine can now be ported to Linux easily.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:172" href="#fn:172"><sup>172</sup></a> </p><p>In September 2013 Valve announced that they were releasing a gaming oriented Linux based operating system called <a href="/facts/SteamOS/fL2Je1Ge">SteamOS</a> with Valve saying they had "come to the conclusion that the environment best suited to delivering value to customers is an operating system built around Steam itself."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:173" href="#fn:173"><sup>173</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:174" href="#fn:174"><sup>174</sup></a> This was used for their <a href="/facts/Steam_Machine_(computer)/Dt86Gaj7">Steam Machine</a> platform released on November 10, 2015, and discontinued in 2018.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:175" href="#fn:175"><sup>175</sup></a> </p><p>In March 2014 <a href="/facts/GOG.com/bk9IEFmU">GOG.com</a> announced they would begin to support Linux titles on their <a href="/facts/Digital_rights_management/4AF8JmDt">DRM</a> free store starting the same year, after previously stating they would not be able due to too many distributions.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:176" href="#fn:176"><sup>176</sup></a> GOG.com began their initial roll out on July 24, 2014, by offering 50 Linux supporting titles, including several new to the platform.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:177" href="#fn:177"><sup>177</sup></a> </p><p>Despite previous statements, GOG have confirmed they have no plans to port their Galaxy client to Linux.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:178" href="#fn:178"><sup>178</sup></a> The free software <a href="/facts/Lutris/42bzYTvB">Lutris</a> started in 2010,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:179" href="#fn:179"><sup>179</sup></a> GameHub from 2019,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:180" href="#fn:180"><sup>180</sup></a> MiniGalaxy from 2020,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:181" href="#fn:181"><sup>181</sup></a> and the Heroic Games Launcher from 2021,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:182" href="#fn:182"><sup>182</sup></a> offer support for GOG as well as the <a href="/facts/Epic_Games_Store/bh86n8FD">Epic Games Store</a>, <a href="/facts/Ubisoft_Connect/vI6SNvjP">Ubisoft Connect</a> and <a href="/facts/Origin_(service)/1dFpebC0">Origin</a>. </p><p>In March and April 2014 two major developers <a href="/facts/Epic_Games/aoS4cGsK">Epic Games</a> and <a href="/facts/Crytek/A08RTm0W">Crytek</a> announced Linux support for their next generation engines <a href="/facts/Unreal_Engine_4/0ghxRQl8">Unreal Engine 4</a> and <a href="/facts/CryEngine/jbgUIbGr">CryEngine</a> respectively.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:183" href="#fn:183"><sup>183</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:184" href="#fn:184"><sup>184</sup></a> </p><p>Towards the end of 2014 the game host <a href="/facts/Itch.io/Fhw1NfU3">itch.io</a> announced that Linux would be supported with their developing <a href="/facts/Open_source/7X9rCdz4">open source</a> game client.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:185" href="#fn:185"><sup>185</sup></a> This was fully launched simultaneously on <a href="/facts/Windows/bwhAhuSL">Windows</a>, <a href="/facts/Mac_OS_X/Y93vVpTm">Mac OS X</a> and Linux on December 15, 2015.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:186" href="#fn:186"><sup>186</sup></a> The service had supported Linux since it was first unveiled on March 3, 2013, with creator Leaf Corcoran personally a Linux user.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:187" href="#fn:187"><sup>187</sup></a> The similar <a href="/facts/Game_Jolt/wYqM2ND1">Game Jolt</a> service also supports Linux and has an open source client released on January 13, 2016.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:188" href="#fn:188"><sup>188</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:189" href="#fn:189"><sup>189</sup></a> <a href="/facts/GamersGate/BG7wtmS2">GamersGate</a> also sells games for Linux.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:190" href="#fn:190"><sup>190</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:191" href="#fn:191"><sup>191</sup></a> </p> <h3>2017-present</h3> <p>On August 22, 2018, Valve released their fork of <a href="/facts/Wine_(software)/JF0wHs7y">Wine</a> called <a href="/facts/Proton_(compatibility_layer)/0Woex24z">Proton</a>, aimed at gaming.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:192" href="#fn:192"><sup>192</sup></a> It features some improvements over the vanilla Wine such as <a href="/facts/Vulkan/e188Vdpc">Vulkan</a>-based <a href="/facts/DirectX_11/jyy75wVN">DirectX 11</a> implementation, Steam integration, better full screen and game controller support and improved performance for multi-threaded games.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:193" href="#fn:193"><sup>193</sup></a> It has since grown to include support for <a href="/facts/DirectX_9/jyy75wVN">DirectX 9</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:194" href="#fn:194"><sup>194</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/DirectX_12/jyy75wVN">DirectX 12</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:195" href="#fn:195"><sup>195</sup></a> over Vulkan. The itch.io app added its own <a href="/facts/Wine_(software)/JF0wHs7y">Wine</a> integration in June 2020,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:196" href="#fn:196"><sup>196</sup></a> while <a href="/facts/Lutris/42bzYTvB">Lutris</a> and <a href="/facts/PlayOnLinux/ePHbCCez">PlayOnLinux</a> are long-standing independent solutions for compatibility wrappers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:197" href="#fn:197"><sup>197</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:198" href="#fn:198"><sup>198</sup></a> </p><p>As with Wine and Cedega in the past, concerns have been raised over whether Proton hinders native development more than it encourages use of the platform.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:199" href="#fn:199"><sup>199</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:200" href="#fn:200"><sup>200</sup></a> <i><a href="/facts/Prodeus/4sN3htat">Prodeus</a></i> dropped native support in favour of Proton shortly before final release<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:201" href="#fn:201"><sup>201</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/Arcen_Games/ES8MDLVm">Arcen Games</a> cancelled planned native support for <i>Heart of the Machine</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:202" href="#fn:202"><sup>202</sup></a> Valve has expressed no preference over Proton or native ports among developers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:203" href="#fn:203"><sup>203</sup></a> </p><p>On February 25, 2022, Valve released <a href="/facts/Steam_Deck/E6VmDMWV">Steam Deck</a>, a <a href="/facts/Handheld_game_console/l1hmKVPx">handheld game console</a> running SteamOS 3.0.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:204" href="#fn:204"><sup>204</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:205" href="#fn:205"><sup>205</sup></a> The deployment of Proton and other design decisions were based on the limited response to their previous <a href="/facts/Steam_Machine_(computer)/Dt86Gaj7">Steam Machines</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:206" href="#fn:206"><sup>206</sup></a> Linux was also used as a base for several nostalgia consoles, including the <a href="/facts/Neo_Geo_X/JH3jrIln">Neo Geo X</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:207" href="#fn:207"><sup>207</sup></a> <a href="/facts/NES_Classic_Edition/rBqSojyd">NES Classic Edition</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:208" href="#fn:208"><sup>208</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Super_NES_Classic_Edition/5nSjeFel">Super NES Classic Edition</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:209" href="#fn:209"><sup>209</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Sega_Genesis_Mini/I8EghCvM">Sega Genesis Mini</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:210" href="#fn:210"><sup>210</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Intellivision_Amico/Hwdboth8">Intellivision Amico</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:211" href="#fn:211"><sup>211</sup></a> Lichee Pocket 4A,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:212" href="#fn:212"><sup>212</sup></a> and the <a href="/facts/Atari_VCS_(2021_console)/sl9ySzod">Atari VCS</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:213" href="#fn:213"><sup>213</sup></a> It also powers the more general <a href="/facts/Polymega/r9Epkd2m">Polymega</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:214" href="#fn:214"><sup>214</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Anbernic_RG351/DXQKWn9E">Anbernic RG351</a> and <a href="/facts/Anbernic_RG552/NfpoL9ty">5G552</a>, as well as the <a href="/facts/Game_Gadget/Jal29ApY">Game Gadget</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:215" href="#fn:215"><sup>215</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Evercade/m3D17Tdj">Evercade</a>, <a href="/facts/Evercade_VS/9uFF4JlA">VS</a>, <a href="/facts/Evercade_EXP/m3D17Tdj">EXP</a> and <a href="/facts/Super_Pocket/983dQTgg">Super Pocket</a> <a href="/facts/Retrogaming/HJCx4v04">retrogaming</a> consoles by Blaze Entertainment.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:216" href="#fn:216"><sup>216</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:217" href="#fn:217"><sup>217</sup></a> </p><p>As of early 2023, the retro game store Zoom Platform was enhancing Linux support on their available titles.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:218" href="#fn:218"><sup>218</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="commercial-games-for-non-x86-instruction-sets">Commercial games for non-x86 instruction sets</h2> <p>Some companies ported games to Linux running on instruction sets other than x86, such as <a href="/facts/DEC_Alpha/4eN7LuXG">Alpha</a>, <a href="/facts/PowerPC/DqmM9y50">PowerPC</a>, <a href="/facts/Sparc/m7KhEtET">Sparc</a>, MIPS or ARM. </p><p><a href="/facts/Loki_Entertainment_Software/uIaFjX02">Loki Entertainment Software</a> ported <i><a href="/facts/Civilization:_Call_to_Power/n9pB0ds1">Civilization: Call to Power</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Eric%27s_Ultimate_Solitaire/QhDhp4Y9">Eric's Ultimate Solitaire</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Heroes_of_Might_and_Magic_III/pcn14PPD">Heroes of Might and Magic III</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Myth_II:_Soulblighter/XcPAy85k">Myth II: Soulblighter</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Railroad_Tycoon_II_Gold_Edition/43ADXT5T">Railroad Tycoon II Gold Edition</a></i> and <i><a href="/facts/Sid_Meier%27s_Alpha_Centauri/S0YFUmyq">Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri</a></i> with <i><a href="/facts/Alien_Crossfire/S0YFUmyq">Alien Crossfire</a></i> expansion pack to Linux PowerPC.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:219" href="#fn:219"><sup>219</sup></a> They also ported <i>Civilization: Call to Power</i>, <i>Eric's Ultimate Solitaire</i>, <i>Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri</i> with <i>Alien Crossfire</i> expansion pack to Linux Alpha and <i>Civilization: Call to Power,</i> <i>Eric's Ultimate Solitaire</i> to Linux SPARC.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:220" href="#fn:220"><sup>220</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/Linux_Game_Publishing/BqzWbhFV">Linux Game Publishing</a> published <i>Candy Cruncher</i>, <i><a href="/facts/Majesty_Gold/wpUkBcVg">Majesty Gold</a></i>, <i>NingPo MahJong</i> and <i>Soul Ride</i> to Linux PowerPC. They also ported <i>Candy Cruncher</i>, <i>Soul Ride</i> to Linux SPARC and <i>Soul Ride</i> to Linux Alpha.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:221" href="#fn:221"><sup>221</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:222" href="#fn:222"><sup>222</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/Illwinter_Game_Design/uG4Kvufp">Illwinter Game Design</a> ported <i><a href="/facts/Dominions:_Priests,_Prophets_and_Pretenders/UvrDaVYq">Dominions: Priests, Prophets and Pretenders</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Dominions_II:_The_Ascension_Wars/yV7ALy2D">Dominions II: The Ascension Wars</a></i> and <i><a href="/facts/Dominions_3/3jx6IQfN">Dominions 3</a></i> to Linux PowerPC, as well as <i>Conquest of Elysium 3</i>, <i><a href="/facts/Dominions_4:_Thrones_of_Ascension/ypTl9UQE">Dominions 4: Thrones of Ascension</a></i> to Raspberry Pi.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:223" href="#fn:223"><sup>223</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/Hyperion_Entertainment/Vd9yWYoh">Hyperion Entertainment</a> ported <i><a href="/facts/Sin_(video_game)/3sTSjjgj">Sin</a></i> to Linux PowerPC published by Titan Computer<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:224" href="#fn:224"><sup>224</sup></a> and <i><a href="/facts/Gorky_17/7o22mKog">Gorky 17</a></i> to Linux PowerPC which later was published by LGP.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:225" href="#fn:225"><sup>225</sup></a> </p><p>Runesoft hired Gunnar von Boehn which ported <i>Robin Hood – The Legend of Sherwood</i> to Linux PowerPC.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:226" href="#fn:226"><sup>226</sup></a> Later Runesoft ported <i><a href="/facts/Airline_Tycoon_Deluxe/F2wKmP9I">Airline Tycoon Deluxe</a></i> to <a href="/facts/Raspberry_Pi/Ie6Lx9n5">Raspberry Pi</a> was running <a href="/facts/Debian_GNU/Linux/cBd93qfJ">Debian GNU/Linux</a>. </p><p>Iain McLeod ported <a href="/facts/Spheres_of_Chaos/rBUvb72r">Spheres of Chaos</a> to Linux on the PlayStation 2 consoles and later re-released it as a freeware game. </p> <h2 id="market-share">Market share</h2> <p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/Linux_adoption/j8vjzQYz">Linux adoption § Desktop Linux adoption</a></p> <p>The <a href="/facts/Steam_(service)/nrpWwLA9">Steam</a> Hardware Survey reports that as of January 2024, 2% of users are using some form of Linux as their platform's primary operating system.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:227" href="#fn:227"><sup>227</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/Unity_(game_engine)/GsM1fEUG">Unity</a> <a href="/facts/Game_engine/lojx7lTG">game engine</a> used to<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:228" href="#fn:228"><sup>228</sup></a> make their statistics available and in March 2016 reported that Linux users accounted for 0.4% of players.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:229" href="#fn:229"><sup>229</sup></a> In 2010, in the first <a href="/facts/Humble_Bundle/e9P7txcB">Humble Bundle</a> sales, Linux accounted for 18% of purchases.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:230" href="#fn:230"><sup>230</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="supported-hardware">Supported hardware</h2> <p>Linux as a gaming platform can also refer to operating systems based on the Linux kernel and specifically designed for the <i>sole purpose</i> of gaming. Examples are <a href="/facts/SteamOS/fL2Je1Ge">SteamOS</a>, which is an operating system for <a href="/facts/Steam_Machine_(hardware_platform)/Dt86Gaj7">Steam Machines</a>, <a href="/facts/Steam_Deck/E6VmDMWV">Steam Deck</a> and general computers, <a href="/facts/Video_game_console/K72D1NSS">video game consoles</a> built from components found in the classical home computer, (embedded) operating systems like <a href="/facts/Tizen/gNrC0mnG">Tizen</a> and <a href="/facts/Pandora_(console)/D2og4tqV">Pandora</a>, and <a href="/facts/Handheld_game_console/l1hmKVPx">handheld game consoles</a> like <a href="/facts/GP2X/VSdeSIrg">GP2X</a>, and <a href="/facts/Neo_Geo_X/JH3jrIln">Neo Geo X</a>. The <a href="/facts/Nvidia_Shield/8QfCgqbu">Nvidia Shield</a> runs Android as an operating system, which is based on a modified Linux kernel. </p><p>The <a href="/facts/Open-source_software/HzTaB8E9">open source</a> design of the Linux software platform allows the operating system to be compatible with various computer <a href="/facts/Instruction_set/8p8vwUeE">instruction sets</a> and many <a href="/facts/Peripherals/3lEBPE14">peripherals</a>, such as <a href="/facts/Game_controller/2PkNFsUX">game controllers</a> and <a href="/facts/Head-mounted_display/Bb7H5FPa">head-mounted displays</a>. As an example, <a href="/facts/HTC_Vive/BHDBEsVG">HTC Vive</a>, which is a <a href="/facts/Virtual_reality/0psDGsxT">virtual reality</a> head-mounted display, <a href="/facts/List_of_games_with_HTC_Vive_support/kTwq1IDC">supports</a> the Linux gaming platform. </p> <h3>Performance</h3> <p>In 2013, tests by <a href="/facts/Phoronix/UvK56oPf">Phoronix</a> showed real-world performance of games on Linux with proprietary Nvidia and AMD drivers were mostly comparable to results on Windows 8.1.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:231" href="#fn:231"><sup>231</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Phoronix/UvK56oPf">Phoronix</a> found similar results in 2015,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:232" href="#fn:232"><sup>232</sup></a> though <a href="/facts/Ars_Technica/zvnX7pnh">Ars Technica</a> described a 20% performance drop with Linux drivers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:233" href="#fn:233"><sup>233</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="software-architecture">Software architecture</h2> <p>An operating system based on the Linux kernel and customized specifically for gaming, could adopt the <a href="/facts/Vanilla_(software)/6uJzPcMQ">vanilla</a> Linux kernel with only little changes, or—like the Android operating system—be based on a relative extensively modified Linux kernel. It could adopt <a href="/facts/GNU_C_Library/AL6IYDkA">GNU C Library</a> or <a href="/facts/Bionic_(software)/xXucrnRG">Bionic</a> or something like it. The entire <a href="/facts/Middleware/HobNosz9">middleware</a> or parts of it, could very well be closed-source and <a href="/facts/Proprietary_software/9zcskxYL">proprietary software</a>; the same is true for the video games. There are free and open-source video games available for the Linux operating system, as well as proprietary ones. </p> <h3>Linux kernel</h3> <p>The subsystems already mainlined and available in the <a href="/facts/Linux_kernel/dlkduHuA">Linux kernel</a> are most probably performant enough so to not impede the gaming experience in any way, however additional software is available, such as e.g. the <a href="/facts/Brain_Fuck_Scheduler/8bN7lnYv">Brain Fuck Scheduler</a> (a process scheduler) or the Budget Fair Queueing (BFQ) scheduler (an I/O scheduler).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:234" href="#fn:234"><sup>234</sup></a> </p><p>Similar to the way the Linux kernel can be, for example, adapted to run better on supercomputers, there are adaptations targeted at improving the performance of games. A project concerning itself with this issue is called Liquorix.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:235" href="#fn:235"><sup>235</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:236" href="#fn:236"><sup>236</sup></a> </p> <h3>Available software for video game designers</h3> <h4>Game creation systems</h4> <p>Several <a href="/facts/Game_creation_system/MYK6fE8n">game creation systems</a> can be run on <a href="/facts/Linux/9FvCKSTq">Linux</a>, such as <a href="/facts/Game_Editor/nFMV5Wdh">Game Editor</a>, <a href="/facts/GDevelop/HKcDrxFm">GDevelop</a>, <a href="/facts/Construct_(game_engine)/4TUo11C5">Construct</a> and <a href="/facts/Stencyl/RyEG6TUK">Stencyl</a>, as well as beta versions of <a href="/facts/GameMaker/u8lCgYkR">GameMaker</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:237" href="#fn:237"><sup>237</sup></a> A Linux version of <a href="/facts/Clickteam_Fusion/CxVMvUv9">Clickteam Fusion</a> 3 was mentioned, but has yet to be released.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:238" href="#fn:238"><sup>238</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/Godot_(game_engine)/Xj6W5X44">Godot</a>, <a href="/facts/Defold/KyQeRaKS">Defold</a>, and <a href="/facts/Solar2D/KkLR1uzL">Solar2D</a> game engines also supports creating games on Linux,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:239" href="#fn:239"><sup>239</sup></a> as do the commercial <a href="/facts/UnrealEd/0ghxRQl8">UnrealEd</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:240" href="#fn:240"><sup>240</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/Unity_(video_game)/h1WAWFTD">Unity Editor</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:241" href="#fn:241"><sup>241</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:242" href="#fn:242"><sup>242</sup></a> The visual programming environments <a href="/facts/Snap!_(programming_language)/YHYIeNEN">Snap!</a>, <a href="/facts/Scratch_(programming_language)/vNfuSb2L">Scratch</a> 1.X<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:243" href="#fn:243"><sup>243</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/Tynker/rIV0pxgJ">Tynker</a> are Linux compatible. <a href="/facts/Enterbrain/fKKMGSFg">Enterbrain</a>'s <a href="/facts/RPG_Maker_MV/BIyFyfYA">RPG Maker MV</a> was released for Linux.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:244" href="#fn:244"><sup>244</sup></a> In addition, open-source, cross-platform clones of the <a href="/facts/RPG_Maker/BIyFyfYA">RPG Maker</a> series exist such as Open RPG Maker, MKXP and EasyRPG,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:245" href="#fn:245"><sup>245</sup></a> as well as the similar <a href="/facts/Official_Hamster_Republic_Role_Playing_Game_Construction_Engine/Tx3TLu9A">OHRRPGCE</a> and Solarus.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:246" href="#fn:246"><sup>246</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/Adventure_Game_Studio/WzyT1Uhx">Adventure Game Studio</a> editor is not yet ported to Linux, although games made in it are compatible, and the <a href="/facts/Wintermute_Engine/QgUQdNgQ">Wintermute</a> and SLUDGE<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:247" href="#fn:247"><sup>247</sup></a> adventure game engines are available. ZGameEditor,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:248" href="#fn:248"><sup>248</sup></a> Novashell,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:249" href="#fn:249"><sup>249</sup></a> GB Studio,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:250" href="#fn:250"><sup>250</sup></a> and the <a href="/facts/ZZT/MnFoGNkt">ZZT</a> inspired MegaZeux<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:251" href="#fn:251"><sup>251</sup></a> are also options. Versions of <a href="/facts/Mugen_(game_engine)/QBuqcIGM">Mugen</a> were made available for Linux,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:252" href="#fn:252"><sup>252</sup></a> and open-source re-implementations such as IKEMEN Go are compatible.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:253" href="#fn:253"><sup>253</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/JavaScript/XhhIIEsl">JavaScript</a> based Ct.js<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:254" href="#fn:254"><sup>254</sup></a> Pixelbox.js,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:255" href="#fn:255"><sup>255</sup></a> and Superpowers<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:256" href="#fn:256"><sup>256</sup></a> are also options. </p> <h4>Level editors</h4> <p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/GtkRadiant/KswHYrye">GtkRadiant</a></p> <p>Various <a href="/facts/Level_editor/jj3NuhAx">level editors</a> exists for Linux, such as <a href="/facts/Qoole/KswHYrye">wxqoole</a>, <a href="/facts/GtkRadiant/KswHYrye">GtkRadiant</a>, <a href="/facts/TrenchBroom/KswHYrye">TrenchBroom</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:257" href="#fn:257"><sup>257</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:258" href="#fn:258"><sup>258</sup></a> and J.A.C.K.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:259" href="#fn:259"><sup>259</sup></a> for the <a href="/facts/Id_Tech/XuxlHVIo">id Tech</a> engines and related, Eureka,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:260" href="#fn:260"><sup>260</sup></a> SLADE<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:261" href="#fn:261"><sup>261</sup></a> and ReDoomEd<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:262" href="#fn:262"><sup>262</sup></a> for the <a href="/facts/Doom_engine/DUIUWqbn"><i>Doom</i> engine</a>, and the general purpose <a href="/facts/Tile_map/NzWIYKWS">tile map</a> editors LDtk,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:263" href="#fn:263"><sup>263</sup></a> Ogmo,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:264" href="#fn:264"><sup>264</sup></a> and Tiled.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:265" href="#fn:265"><sup>265</sup></a> </p> <h4>Debuggers</h4> <p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/AMD_CodeXL/TMMYCNWH">AMD CodeXL</a></p> <p>Several game development tools have been available for Linux, including <a href="/facts/GNU_Debugger/nTs958uC">GNU Debugger</a>, <a href="/facts/LLDB_(debugger)/Dz8Dsvnb">LLDB</a>, <a href="/facts/Valgrind/XDJA4Es2">Valgrind</a>, glslang and others. <a href="/facts/VOGL/C7uQQQh8">VOGL</a>, a <a href="/facts/Debugger/mCe6UsWj">debugger</a> for <a href="/facts/OpenGL/xQoMWePr">OpenGL</a> was released on 12 March 2014. </p> <h4>Available interfaces and SDKs</h4> <p>There are multiple <a href="/facts/Application_programming_interface/GMlN4vUr">interfaces</a> and <a href="/facts/Software_Development_Kit/2Hkk6Hbs">Software Development Kits</a> available for Linux, and almost all of them are <a href="/facts/Cross-platform/16zqdvNR">cross-platform</a>. Most are <a href="/facts/Free_and_open-source_software/1cHtjLCB">free and open-source software</a> subject to the terms of the <a href="/facts/Zlib_License/lyoPpsHD">zlib License</a>, making it possible to static link against them from fully closed-source proprietary software. One difficulty due to this abundance of interfaces, is the difficulty for programmers to choose the best suitable audio API for their purpose. The main developer of the <a href="/facts/PulseAudio/euEHeBCe">PulseAudio</a> project, <a href="/facts/Lennart_Poettering/D7h1Ffrr">Lennart Poettering</a>, commented on this issue.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:266" href="#fn:266"><sup>266</sup></a> Physics engines, audio libraries, that are available as modules for game engines, have been available for Linux for a long time.[<i>time needed</i>] </p><p>The book <i><a href="/facts/Programming_Linux_Games/uIaFjX02">Programming Linux Games</a></i> covers a couple of the available APIs suited for video game development for Linux, while <i><a href="/facts/The_Linux_Programming_Interface/IVh3XFzt">The Linux Programming Interface</a></i> covers the <a href="/facts/Linux_kernel_interfaces/KrxnjA23">Linux kernel interfaces</a> in much greater detail. </p> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="2">Library</th><th rowspan="2">License</th><th rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Programming_language/cWTYbgWa">in</a></th><th colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Language_binding/V5HW4Wr4">Language bindings</a></th><th colspan="4">Back-ends</th><th rowspan="2">Description</th></tr><tr><th>Icon</th><th>Name</th><th>Official</th><th>3rd-party</th><th><a href="/facts/Linux_API/KrxnjA23">Linux</a></th><th><a href="/facts/Microsoft_Windows/bwhAhuSL">Windows</a></th><th><a href="/facts/OS_X/Y93vVpTm">OS X</a></th><th>Other</th></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Allegro_(software)/mK4JBTk2">Allegro</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Zlib_License/lyoPpsHD">zlib License</a></td><td><a href="/facts/C_(programming_language)/Ky2No763">C</a></td><td></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td><a href="/facts/Android_(operating_system)/nNyHb0xz">Android</a>, <a href="/facts/IOS/mK5cggH5">iOS</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/ClanLib/qtpJgkkD">ClanLib</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Zlib_License/lyoPpsHD">zlib License</a></td><td><a href="/facts/C%2B%2B/Et0F2qn9">C++</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Python_(programming_language)/YbuGqofa">Python</a>, <a href="/facts/Lua_(programming_language)/xkBCgta0">Lua</a>, <a href="/facts/Ruby_(programming_language)/BeYSaPSR">Ruby</a></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/GLFW/Kx8N97Pv">GLFW</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Zlib_License/lyoPpsHD">zlib License</a></td><td><a href="/facts/C_(programming_language)/Ky2No763">C</a></td><td>—</td><td><a href="/facts/Ada_(programming_language)/Y2yHel4l">Ada</a>, <a href="/facts/C_Sharp_(programming_language)/UC2gxeyb">C#</a>, <a href="/facts/Common_Lisp/mq1pRbSF">Common Lisp</a>, <a href="/facts/D_(programming_language)/4qIzRjkF">D</a>, <a href="/facts/Go_(programming_language)/oWlsmAFJ">Go</a>, <a href="/facts/Haskell_(programming_language)/4Htv9WLu">Haskell</a>, <a href="/facts/Java_(programming_language)/9ScgFyAL">Java</a>, <a href="/facts/Python_(programming_language)/YbuGqofa">Python</a>, <a href="/facts/Rebol/9ooWy78f">Rebol</a>, <a href="/facts/Red_(programming_language)/wIjLEeSI">Red</a>, <a href="/facts/Ruby_(programming_language)/BeYSaPSR">Ruby</a>, <a href="/facts/Rust_(programming_language)/8JNMV19F">Rust</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>a small C library to create and manage windows with OpenGL contexts, enumerate monitors and video modes, and handle input</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Grapple_(network_layer)/eoHCsGUz">Grapple</a></td><td><a href="/facts/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License/AXwkz9x3">LGPL-2.1+</a></td><td><a href="/facts/C_(programming_language)/Ky2No763">C</a></td><td></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>free software package for adding multiplayer support</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Nvidia_GameWorks/yEazqNyb">Nvidia GameWorks</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Proprietary_software/9zcskxYL">Proprietary</a></td><td>Unknown</td><td></td><td></td><td>WIP</td><td>Yes</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>As the result of their cooperation with Valve, Nvidia announced a Linux port of GameWorks.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:267" href="#fn:267"><sup>267</sup></a> As of June 2014, <a href="/facts/PhysX/FabGhdvx">PhysX</a>, and <a href="/facts/OptiX/8zeFth6t">OptiX</a> have been available for Linux for some time.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/OpenPlay/nyrwrCR1">OpenPlay</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Apple_Public_Source_License/sujXlYJA">APSL</a></td><td><a href="/facts/C_(programming_language)/Ky2No763">C</a></td><td></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>—</td><td>networking library authored by Apple Inc.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Pygame/DKtaG9LK">Pygame</a></td><td><a href="/facts/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License/AXwkz9x3">LGPL-2.1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Python_(programming_language)/YbuGqofa">Python</a></td><td></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>build over SDL</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/RakNet/AAn8jInL">RakNet</a></td><td><a href="/facts/3-clause_BSD/XLtmLp5x">3-clause BSD</a></td><td><a href="/facts/C%2B%2B/Et0F2qn9">C++</a></td><td><a href="/facts/C%2B%2B/Et0F2qn9">C++</a>, <a href="/facts/C_Sharp_(programming_language)/UC2gxeyb">C#</a></td><td>—</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td><a href="/facts/PlayStation_3/obhuo97V">PlayStation 3</a>, <a href="/facts/IOS/mK5cggH5">iOS</a>, ...</td><td>game network engine for multi-player</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Simple_DirectMedia_Layer/9tSff0Lg">SDL</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Zlib_License/lyoPpsHD">zlib License</a></td><td><a href="/facts/C_(programming_language)/Ky2No763">C</a></td><td><a href="/facts/C_(programming_language)/Ky2No763">C</a></td><td><a href="/facts/C_Sharp_(programming_language)/UC2gxeyb">C#</a>, <a href="/facts/Pascal_(programming_language)/b3yvp8bF">Pascal</a>, <a href="/facts/Python_(programming_language)/YbuGqofa">Python</a>, <a href="/facts/Gambas/05FsfVTX">Gambas</a></td><td><a href="/facts/EGL_(API)/meQcl9rp">EGL</a>, <a href="/facts/Xlib/2fKMo9BF">Xlib</a>, <a href="/facts/GLX/qBo2gTQR">GLX</a>?</td><td><a href="/facts/Graphics_Device_Interface/C8yuXxtL">GDI</a>, <a href="/facts/Direct3D/WHJ6DTcv">Direct3D</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Quartz_(graphics_layer)/FLvFwpYt">Quartz</a>, <a href="/facts/Core_OpenGL/kzoFKSr7">Core OpenGL</a>?</td><td><a href="/facts/PlayStation_Portable/dj4sa6wo">PSP</a>-stuff</td><td>a low-level cross-platform abstraction layer</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Simple_and_Fast_Multimedia_Library/RwJfj05B">SFML</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Zlib_License/lyoPpsHD">zlib License</a></td><td><a href="/facts/C%2B%2B/Et0F2qn9">C++</a></td><td><a href="/facts/C_(programming_language)/Ky2No763">C</a>, <a href="/facts/D_(programming_language)/4qIzRjkF">D</a>, <a href="/facts/Python_(programming_language)/YbuGqofa">Python</a>, <a href="/facts/Ruby_(programming_language)/BeYSaPSR">Ruby</a>, <a href="/facts/OCaml/ThBGLND8">OCaml</a>, <a href="/facts/.NET_Framework/J6QDAUhP">.Net</a>, <a href="/facts/Go_(programming_language)/oWlsmAFJ">Go</a></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/WxWidgets/TQvpa4Pl">wxWidgets</a></td><td>LGPL-like</td><td><a href="/facts/C%2B%2B/Et0F2qn9">C++</a></td><td></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h4>Available middleware</h4> <p>Beside majority of the software which acts as an interface to various subsystems of the operating system, there is also software which can be simply described as middleware. A multitude of companies exist worldwide, whose main or only product is software that is meant to be licensed and integrated into a game engine. Their primary target is the <a href="/facts/Video_game_industry/3hucMmbw">video game industry</a>, but the film industry also utilizes such software for special effects. Some very few well known examples are </p> <ul><li>classical physics: <a href="/facts/Havok_(software)/RopFFkHl">Havok</a>, <a href="/facts/Newton_Game_Dynamics/muC0obos">Newton Game Dynamics</a> and PhysX</li> <li>audio: <a href="/facts/Audiokinetic_Wwise/NByk2jYm">Audiokinetic Wwise</a>, <a href="/facts/FMOD/0YUhsVRl">FMOD</a></li> <li>other: <a href="/facts/SpeedTree/UhyVCy18">SpeedTree</a></li></ul> <p>A significant share of the available middleware already runs natively on Linux, only a very few run exclusively on Linux. </p> <h4>Available IDEs and source code editors</h4> <p>Numerous <a href="/facts/Source_code_editor/D0hecHMt">source code editors</a> and <a href="/facts/Integrated_development_environment/jbEINSQf">IDEs</a> are available for Linux, among which are <a href="/facts/Visual_Studio_Code/YsBDgKlK">Visual Studio Code</a>, <a href="/facts/Sublime_Text/8GzJSGEr">Sublime Text</a>, <a href="/facts/Code::Blocks/RmzjVnsX">Code::Blocks</a>, <a href="/facts/Qt_Creator/2kNpQqME">Qt Creator</a>, <a href="/facts/Emacs/BvGxuAxQ">Emacs</a>, or <a href="/facts/Vim_(text_editor)/JXAYMDgt">Vim</a>. </p> <h3>Multi-monitor</h3> <p>A <a href="/facts/Multi-monitor/KnL7NhG0">multi-monitor</a> setup is supported on Linux at least by <a href="/facts/AMD_Eyefinity/Rnw8Qk1v">AMD Eyefinity</a> & <a href="/facts/AMD_Catalyst/ntMxIHW0">AMD Catalyst</a>, <a href="/facts/Xinerama/l8qawuw7">Xinerama</a> and <a href="/facts/RandR/7AaPmYtV">RandR</a> on both X11 and Wayland. <i><a href="/facts/Serious_Sam_3:_BFE/n4Q3DP2M">Serious Sam 3: BFE</a></i> is one example of a game that runs natively on Linux and supports very high resolutions and is validated by AMD to support their Eyefinity.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:268" href="#fn:268"><sup>268</sup></a> <i><a href="/facts/Civilization_V/BbsV2T6P">Civilization V</a></i> is another example, it even runs on a <a href="/facts/List_of_AMD_Accelerated_Processing_Unit_microprocessors/62q8zqca">"Kaveri" desktop APU</a> in 3x1 portrait mode.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:269" href="#fn:269"><sup>269</sup></a> </p> <h3>Voice over IP</h3> <p>The specifications of the <a href="/facts/Mumble_(software)/xXvl2yV0">Mumble</a> protocol are freely available and there are BSD-licensed implementations for both servers and clients. The positional audio API of Mumble is supported by e.g. <i><a href="/facts/Cube_2:_Sauerbraten/31KEgAqJ">Cube 2: Sauerbraten</a></i>. </p> <h3>Wine</h3> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Wine_(software)/JF0wHs7y">Wine (software)</a></p> <p>Wine is a <a href="/facts/Compatibility_layer/UU3le7BV">compatibility layer</a> that provides binary compatibility and makes it possible to run software, that was written and compiled for Microsoft Windows, on Linux. The Wine project hosts a user-submitted application database (known as Wine AppDB) that lists programs and games along with ratings and reviews which detail how well they run with Wine. Wine AppDB also has a commenting system, which often includes instructions on how to modify a system to run a certain game which cannot run on a normal or default configuration. Many games are rated as running flawlessly, and there are also many other games that can be run with varying degrees of success. The use of Wine for gaming has proved controversial in the Linux community as some feel it is preventing, or at least hindering, the further growth of native gaming on the platform.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:270" href="#fn:270"><sup>270</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:271" href="#fn:271"><sup>271</sup></a> </p> <h3>Emulators</h3> <p>There are numerous <a href="/facts/Video_game_console_emulator/lps69Dn3">emulators</a> for Linux. There are also APIs, virtual machines, and machine emulators that provide binary compatibility: </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Anbox/pcrAbDDy">Anbox</a> and Waydroid for the <a href="/facts/Android_(operating_system)/nNyHb0xz">Android</a> operating system;</li> <li><a href="/facts/Basilisk_II/0bNbNHda">Basilisk II</a> for the <a href="/facts/Motorola_68040/G12gptjt">68040</a> <a href="/facts/Mac_(computer)/8GhnXTK0">Mac</a>;</li> <li><a href="/facts/DOSBox/Du2egHYo">DOSBox</a> and <a href="/facts/DOSEMU/wlRNj9wS">DOSEMU</a> for MS-DOS and compatibles;</li> <li>DeSmuME and melonDS for the <a href="/facts/Nintendo_DS/4uVHPrnp">Nintendo DS</a>;</li> <li><a href="/facts/Dolphin_(emulator)/JsyepdHl">Dolphin</a> for the <a href="/facts/GameCube/acH9qVxz">GameCube</a>, <a href="/facts/Wii/BxUgl2da">Wii</a>, and the <a href="/facts/Triforce_(arcade_system_board)/0lGYf2XY">Triforce</a>;</li> <li><a href="/facts/FCEUX/q95oMdVh">FCEUX</a>, <a href="/facts/Nestopia/PRoSCP4Y">Nestopia</a> and TuxNES for the <a href="/facts/Nintendo_Entertainment_System/YD59GCQQ">Nintendo Entertainment System</a>;</li> <li>Flashpoint for <a href="/facts/Adobe_Flash/3Lrp9JuH">Adobe Flash</a>;</li> <li><a href="/facts/Frotz/AN4mCxxX">Frotz</a> for Z-Machine text adventures;</li> <li><a href="/facts/Fuse_(emulator)/n2K587Xw">Fuse</a> for the Sinclair ZX Spectrum;</li> <li><a href="/facts/Hatari_(emulator)/Jy1NPcfU">Hatari</a> for the <a href="/facts/Atari_ST/9GsYSlaM">Atari ST</a>, <a href="/facts/Atari_STe/9GsYSlaM">STe</a>, <a href="/facts/Atari_TT/NLKgYMAQ">TT</a> and <a href="/facts/Atari_Falcon/N8gKCMW7">Falcon</a>;</li> <li>gnuboy for the Nintendo <a href="/facts/Game_Boy/GlyN6e2W">Game Boy</a> and Game Boy Color;</li> <li><a href="/facts/MAME/4VkQ6d9z">MAME</a> for arcade games (and previously <a href="/facts/Multi_Emulator_Super_System/uINVJEBY">MESS</a> for multiple hardware platforms);</li> <li><a href="/facts/Mednafen/B4pn5fIp">Mednafen</a> and Xe emulating multiple hardware platforms including some of the above;</li> <li><a href="/facts/Mupen64Plus/fonTHaTx">Mupen64Plus</a> and the no longer actively developed original <a href="/facts/Mupen64/fonTHaTx">Mupen64</a> for the Nintendo 64;</li> <li><a href="/facts/PCSX-Reloaded/yfs35fQI">PCSX-Reloaded</a>, pSX and the Linux port of <a href="/facts/EPSXe/VfquLb2e">ePSXe</a> for the PlayStation;</li> <li>Neko Project for the <a href="/facts/NEC_PC-9801/b0br6zGu">NEC PC-9801</a>;</li> <li><a href="/facts/PCSX2/cvakDPeh">PCSX2</a> for the PlayStation 2;</li> <li><a href="/facts/PPSSPP/LyqNwWCR">PPSSPP</a> for the <a href="/facts/PlayStation_Portable/dj4sa6wo">PlayStation Portable</a>;</li> <li><a href="/facts/ScummVM/6cqwuU9o">ScummVM</a> for LucasArts and various other adventure games;</li> <li><a href="/facts/SheepShaver/RWD25yYE">SheepShaver</a> for the <a href="/facts/PowerPC/DqmM9y50">PowerPC</a> <a href="/facts/Macintosh/8GhnXTK0">Macintosh</a>;</li> <li><a href="/facts/Snes9x/IA1ezTgL">Snes9x</a>, <a href="/facts/Higan_(emulator)/0gjqLqdx">higan</a> and <a href="/facts/ZSNES/ohIraP97">ZSNES</a> for the Super NES;</li> <li><a href="/facts/Stella_(emulator)/eYlQtpTU">Stella</a> for the <a href="/facts/Atari_2600/wSTCRAvp">Atari 2600</a>;</li> <li><a href="/facts/UAE_(emulator)/VcqjBGNk">UAE</a> for the Amiga;</li> <li><a href="/facts/VICE/pXGntu2K">VICE</a> for the Commodore 64, 128, VIC-20, Plus/4 and PET;</li> <li><a href="/facts/VisualBoyAdvance/lP16A2nw">VisualBoyAdvance</a>, mGBA and Boycott Advance for the Game Boy Advance;</li> <li><a href="/facts/Mini_vMac/uJEEcIm3">Mini vMac</a> and the no longer actively developed original <a href="/facts/VMac/uJEEcIm3">vMac</a> for the 680x0 <a href="/facts/Macintosh/8GhnXTK0">Macintosh</a>;</li></ul> <h3>Linux homebrew on consoles</h3> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Homebrew_(video_games)/jtWcUfBo">Homebrew (video games)</a></p> <p>Linux has been ported to several game consoles, including the <a href="/facts/Xbox_Linux/vjG4oK72">Xbox</a>, <a href="/facts/Linux_for_PlayStation_2/8S7q8I9E">PlayStation 2</a>, <a href="/facts/PlayStation_3/obhuo97V">PlayStation 3</a>, <a href="/facts/PlayStation_4/wMtdFnoP">PlayStation 4</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:272" href="#fn:272"><sup>272</sup></a> <a href="/facts/GameCube/acH9qVxz">GameCube</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:273" href="#fn:273"><sup>273</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/Wii/BxUgl2da">Wii</a> which allows game developers without an expensive <a href="/facts/Game_development_kit/VuDYfEMD">game development kit</a> to access console hardware. Several gaming peripherals also work with Linux.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:274" href="#fn:274"><sup>274</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:275" href="#fn:275"><sup>275</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="types-of-linux-gaming">Types of Linux gaming</h2> <p>Linux gaming can be divided into a number of sub-categories.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:276" href="#fn:276"><sup>276</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:277" href="#fn:277"><sup>277</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:278" href="#fn:278"><sup>278</sup></a> </p> <h3>Libre gaming</h3> <p><a href="/facts/Open-source_video_game/YgEJCJIc">Libre gaming</a> is a form of Linux gaming that emphasizes <a href="/facts/Free_software/IaoVtJXn">libre software</a>, which often includes levels and assets as well as code.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:279" href="#fn:279"><sup>279</sup></a>[<i>self-published source?</i>]<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:280" href="#fn:280"><sup>280</sup></a>[<i>irrelevant citation</i>] </p> <h3>Native gaming</h3> <p>Native gaming is a form of Linux gaming that emphasizes using only native games or ports and not using emulators or compatibility layers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:281" href="#fn:281"><sup>281</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:282" href="#fn:282"><sup>282</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:283" href="#fn:283"><sup>283</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:284" href="#fn:284"><sup>284</sup></a> </p> <h3>DRM-free gaming</h3> <p><a href="/facts/Digital_rights_management/4AF8JmDt">DRM-free</a> gaming is a form of Linux gaming that emphasizes boycotting <a href="/facts/Digital_rights_management/4AF8JmDt">DRM</a> technologies. This can include buying games from <a href="/facts/GOG.com/bk9IEFmU">GOG.com</a>, certain <a href="/facts/Humble_Bundle/e9P7txcB">Humble Bundles</a> or <a href="/facts/Itch.io/Fhw1NfU3">itch.io</a> and avoiding <a href="/facts/Steam_(service)/nrpWwLA9">Steam</a> and similar services.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:285" href="#fn:285"><sup>285</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:286" href="#fn:286"><sup>286</sup></a> </p> <h3>Terminal gaming</h3> <p>Terminal gaming is the playing of <a href="/facts/Text-based_game/dsmwTWNq">text-based games</a> from within a <a href="/facts/Command-line_interface/R9JpGmXQ">console</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:287" href="#fn:287"><sup>287</sup></a> often programmed within <a href="/facts/Bash_(Unix_shell)/RrYLtEJT">Bash</a> or using libraries such as <a href="/facts/Ncurses/anPTppfj">ncurses</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:288" href="#fn:288"><sup>288</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:289" href="#fn:289"><sup>289</sup></a> </p> <h3>Retro gaming</h3> <p><a href="/facts/Retrogaming/HJCx4v04">Retrogaming</a> is the playing of older games<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:290" href="#fn:290"><sup>290</sup></a> using emulators such as <a href="/facts/MAME/4VkQ6d9z">MAME</a> or <a href="/facts/Dosbox/Du2egHYo">Dosbox</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:291" href="#fn:291"><sup>291</sup></a> compatibility layers such as <a href="/facts/Wine_(software)/JF0wHs7y">Wine</a> and <a href="/facts/Proton_(software)/0Woex24z">Proton</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:292" href="#fn:292"><sup>292</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Game_engine_recreation/C0ClIkc3">engine reimplementations</a> and <a href="/facts/Source_port/6z2qbY4I">source ports</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:293" href="#fn:293"><sup>293</sup></a> or even older <a href="/facts/Linux_distributions/0vVl4N4f">Linux distributions</a> (including <a href="/facts/Live_CD/J4bpHUs1">live CDs</a> and <a href="/facts/Live_USB/QNvT9R3D">live USB</a>, or <a href="/facts/Virtual_machine/BLevU3sx">virtual machines</a>),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:294" href="#fn:294"><sup>294</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:295" href="#fn:295"><sup>295</sup></a> original binaries,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:296" href="#fn:296"><sup>296</sup></a> and period hardware.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:297" href="#fn:297"><sup>297</sup></a> </p> <h3>Live gaming</h3> <p>A number of games can be played from <a href="/facts/Live_CD/J4bpHUs1">live distributions</a> such as <a href="/facts/Knoppix/BkrEUxHC">Knoppix</a>, allowing easy access for users unwilling to fully commit to Linux.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:298" href="#fn:298"><sup>298</sup></a> Certain live distros have specially targeted gamers, such as <a href="/facts/SuperGamer/y0gLESN0">SuperGamer</a> and Linux-Gamers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:299" href="#fn:299"><sup>299</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:300" href="#fn:300"><sup>300</sup></a> </p> <h3>Browser gaming</h3> <p><a href="/facts/Browser_gaming/cBtuK3dt">Browser gaming</a> is the act of playing <a href="/facts/Online_game/UH6ItLnW">online games</a> through a web browser,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:301" href="#fn:301"><sup>301</sup></a> which has the advantage of largely being platform independent.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:302" href="#fn:302"><sup>302</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:303" href="#fn:303"><sup>303</sup></a> The same largely applies to <a href="/facts/Social_network_game/3lB9e4bm">social network games</a> hosted on <a href="/facts/Social_media/kUIkfpIA">social media</a> sites.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:304" href="#fn:304"><sup>304</sup></a> Older games were largely based on <a href="/facts/Adobe_Flash/3Lrp9JuH">Adobe Flash</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:305" href="#fn:305"><sup>305</sup></a> while modern ones are mostly <a href="/facts/HTML5/HBAxEAr6">HTML5</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:306" href="#fn:306"><sup>306</sup></a> </p> <h3>Cloud gaming</h3> <p><a href="/facts/Cloud_gaming/mqTSvXs8">Cloud gaming</a> is the <a href="/facts/Streaming/4rPhSq0Y">streaming</a> of games from a central server onto a desktop client.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:307" href="#fn:307"><sup>307</sup></a> This is another way to play games on Linux that are not natively supported,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:308" href="#fn:308"><sup>308</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:309" href="#fn:309"><sup>309</sup></a> although some cloud services, such as the erstwhile <a href="/facts/Google_Stadia/zwm4qRek">Google Stadia</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:310" href="#fn:310"><sup>310</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:311" href="#fn:311"><sup>311</sup></a> are hosted on Linux<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:312" href="#fn:312"><sup>312</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:313" href="#fn:313"><sup>313</sup></a> and Android servers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:314" href="#fn:314"><sup>314</sup></a> GamingAnywhere is an open source implementation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:315" href="#fn:315"><sup>315</sup></a> </p> <h3>On Windows</h3> <p>Although less exploited than the reverse,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:316" href="#fn:316"><sup>316</sup></a> as few programs are Linux exclusive,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:317" href="#fn:317"><sup>317</sup></a> support does exist for running Linux binaries from Windows.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:318" href="#fn:318"><sup>318</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:319" href="#fn:319"><sup>319</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux/ou97bFN2">Windows Subsystem for Linux</a> allows the running of both command line<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:320" href="#fn:320"><sup>320</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:321" href="#fn:321"><sup>321</sup></a> and graphical Linux applications<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:322" href="#fn:322"><sup>322</sup></a> from <a href="/facts/Windows_10/be9IHehJ">Windows 10</a> and <a href="/facts/Windows_11/J2ywV8r4">Windows 11</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:323" href="#fn:323"><sup>323</sup></a> An earlier implementation is <a href="/facts/Cygwin/0ANCmAgH">Cygwin</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:324" href="#fn:324"><sup>324</sup></a> started by <a href="/facts/Cygnus_Solutions/93L1oWxl">Cygnus Solutions</a> and later maintained by <a href="/facts/Red_Hat/5rhmBLBa">Red Hat</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:325" href="#fn:325"><sup>325</sup></a> although it has limited hardware access<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:326" href="#fn:326"><sup>326</sup></a> and required adaptation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:327" href="#fn:327"><sup>327</sup></a> The use of <a href="/facts/Wine_(software)/JF0wHs7y">Wine</a> can even allow for the running of Windows games on Linux from Windows. The LibTAS library for <a href="/facts/Tool_assisted_speedrun/3ldnG8A2">tool assisted speedruns</a> currently recommends WSL to run on Windows.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:328" href="#fn:328"><sup>328</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Naughty_Dog/hSxRh8tl">Naughty Dog</a> meanwhile have used Cygwin to run old command-line tools for use in their game development,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:329" href="#fn:329"><sup>329</sup></a> which is a broader use for the platform.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:330" href="#fn:330"><sup>330</sup></a> As with running Windows applications on Linux, there is controversy over whether running Linux applications on Windows will dilute interest in Linux as distinct platform,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:331" href="#fn:331"><sup>331</sup></a> though it has speciality uses.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:332" href="#fn:332"><sup>332</sup></a> </p> <h3>Android gaming</h3> <p>Originally derived from <a href="/facts/Linux/9FvCKSTq">Linux</a>, the <a href="/facts/Android_(operating_system)/nNyHb0xz">Android</a> mobile operating system has a distinct and popular gaming ecosystem.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:333" href="#fn:333"><sup>333</sup></a> It has also been used as the base for several game consoles, such as the <a href="/facts/Nvidia_Shield_Portable/2oUnyXrf">Nvidia Shield Portable</a> and the <a href="/facts/Ouya/cjTj6kgA">Ouya</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:334" href="#fn:334"><sup>334</sup></a> Popular games include <i><a href="/facts/Pokemon_Go/ux1nVIgd">Pokemon Go</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Genshin_Impact/P3vaFDek">Genshin Impact</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/League_of_Legends:_Wild_Rift/ouAnS38P">League of Legends: Wild Rift</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Dead_Cells/z4QUXYak">Dead Cells</a></i> and <i><a href="/facts/Call_of_Duty:_Mobile/SR5J6B0e">Call of Duty: Mobile</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:335" href="#fn:335"><sup>335</sup></a> Certain games, such as <i><a href="/facts/Minecraft/vwarQdG7">Minecraft</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Stardew_Valley/h53KmN3F">Stardew Valley</a></i>, and <i><a href="/facts/Papers_Please/J9nFHnKV">Papers Please</a></i>, are available for both Android and desktop Linux.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:336" href="#fn:336"><sup>336</sup></a> </p> <h3>ChromeOS gaming</h3> <p><a href="/facts/ChromeOS/zH0B5Xtk">ChromeOS</a> is another <a href="/facts/Linux/9FvCKSTq">Linux</a> derived operating system by <a href="/facts/Google/GT9Sugza">Google</a> for its <a href="/facts/Chromebook/6aAkFzLV">Chromebooks</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:337" href="#fn:337"><sup>337</sup></a> and it too has a dedicated gaming ecosystem.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:338" href="#fn:338"><sup>338</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:339" href="#fn:339"><sup>339</sup></a> Partly owing to a lack of high end graphics hardware,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:340" href="#fn:340"><sup>340</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:341" href="#fn:341"><sup>341</sup></a> it is especially oriented towards <a href="/facts/Cloud_gaming/mqTSvXs8">cloud gaming</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:342" href="#fn:342"><sup>342</sup></a> via services like <a href="/facts/GeForce_Now/rBxKfa2z">GeForce Now</a> and <a href="/facts/Xbox_Cloud_Gaming/SDyqguHq">Xbox Cloud Gaming</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:343" href="#fn:343"><sup>343</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:344" href="#fn:344"><sup>344</sup></a> with models featuring <a href="/facts/Nvidia/8QfCgqbu">Nvidia</a> <a href="/facts/GPU/PTK1RQVp">GPUs</a> ultimately being cancelled.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:345" href="#fn:345"><sup>345</sup></a> Numerous games for <a href="/facts/Android_(operating_system)/nNyHb0xz">Android</a> have also been made compatible with ChromeOS,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:346" href="#fn:346"><sup>346</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:347" href="#fn:347"><sup>347</sup></a> as well as a standard Linux games,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:348" href="#fn:348"><sup>348</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:349" href="#fn:349"><sup>349</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:350" href="#fn:350"><sup>350</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Windows/bwhAhuSL">Windows</a> games via <a href="/facts/Wine_(software)/JF0wHs7y">Wine</a> or <a href="/facts/Proton_(software)/0Woex24z">Proton</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:351" href="#fn:351"><sup>351</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:352" href="#fn:352"><sup>352</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:353" href="#fn:353"><sup>353</sup></a> and with <a href="/facts/Browser_game/cBtuK3dt">browser games</a> also being popular.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:354" href="#fn:354"><sup>354</sup></a> A version of <a href="/facts/Steam_(software)/nrpWwLA9">Steam</a> has been in development for ChromeOS,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:355" href="#fn:355"><sup>355</sup></a> with third party launchers also available such as the Heroic Games Launcher for the <a href="/facts/Epic_Games_Store/bh86n8FD">Epic Games Store</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:356" href="#fn:356"><sup>356</sup></a> Popular titles include <i><a href="/facts/Among_Us/3Wtjl8oz">Among Us</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Genshin_Impact/P3vaFDek">Genshin Impact</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Alto%27s_Odyssey/gaGgleoE">Alto's Odyssey</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Roblox/y70tXIAU">Roblox</a></i>, and <i><a href="/facts/Fortnite/IRq71MdX">Fortnite</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:357" href="#fn:357"><sup>357</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:358" href="#fn:358"><sup>358</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:359" href="#fn:359"><sup>359</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:360" href="#fn:360"><sup>360</sup></a> Skepticism remains for using ChromeOS and Chromebooks as gaming machines.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:361" href="#fn:361"><sup>361</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:362" href="#fn:362"><sup>362</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:363" href="#fn:363"><sup>363</sup></a> </p> <h3>BSD gaming</h3> <p>Owing to a common <a href="/facts/Unix-like/YAKrAxzd">Unix-like</a> heritage and <a href="/facts/Free_software/IaoVtJXn">free software</a> ethos, many games for Linux are also ported to <a href="/facts/BSD/XQKcURrh">BSD</a> <a href="/facts/List_of_BSD_operating_systems/VtxhWWqd">variants</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:364" href="#fn:364"><sup>364</sup></a> or can be run using <a href="/facts/Compatibility_layer/UU3le7BV">compatibility layers</a> such as <a href="/facts/Linuxulator/RKsFTm7F">Linuxulator</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:365" href="#fn:365"><sup>365</sup></a> <a href="/facts/BSDi/akC73cND">BSDi</a> had partnered with <a href="/facts/Loki_Software/uIaFjX02">Loki Software</a> to ensure its Linux ports ran on <a href="/facts/FreeBSD/RKsFTm7F">FreeBSD</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:366" href="#fn:366"><sup>366</sup></a> The Mizutamari launcher exists to facilitate running Windows games through <a href="/facts/Wine_(software)/JF0wHs7y">Wine</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:367" href="#fn:367"><sup>367</sup></a> which can still be used standalone.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:368" href="#fn:368"><sup>368</sup></a> A 2011 <a href="/facts/Benchmark_(computing)/XSS42cRe">benchmark</a> by <a href="/facts/Phoronix/UvK56oPf">Phoronix</a> even found certain speed advantages over running games on Linux itself, comparing <a href="/facts/PC-BSD/L0MmoVcz">PC-BSD</a> 8.2 to <a href="/facts/Ubuntu_(operating_system)/0WDd7hkb">Ubuntu</a> 11.04.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:369" href="#fn:369"><sup>369</sup></a> Most BSD systems come with the same pack in desktop games as Linux.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:370" href="#fn:370"><sup>370</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/Permissive_license/TFoufrub">permissive licensing</a> of BSD has also lead to its inclusion in the <a href="/facts/System_software/0faaXG4d">system software</a> of several <a href="/facts/Game_console/K72D1NSS">game consoles</a>, such as the <a href="/facts/Sony_PlayStation/09r71TxV">Sony PlayStation</a> line<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:371" href="#fn:371"><sup>371</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:372" href="#fn:372"><sup>372</sup></a> and the <a href="/facts/Nintendo_Switch/UPy7Bcyu">Nintendo Switch</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:373" href="#fn:373"><sup>373</sup></a> </p> <h3>OpenHarmony gaming</h3> <p><a href="/facts/HarmonyOS/pgEBr657">HarmonyOS</a> with custom kernel<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:374" href="#fn:374"><sup>374</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/OpenHarmony/p55qDXCQ">OpenHarmony</a>-Oniro based operating systems distros<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:375" href="#fn:375"><sup>375</sup></a> of these newer platforms has a dedicated gaming ecosystem with compatibilities with third-party Linux libraries by developers on <a href="/facts/Linux_kernel/dlkduHuA">Linux kernel</a> subsystem such as <a href="/facts/Musl/37ByvC8P">musl-libc</a> of <a href="/facts/C_standard_library/qdG1nW2c">C</a> standard library that targets the Linux syscall and POSIX APIs compatibility for native compatible games as well as limited virtual machines such as <a href="/facts/Android_(operating_system)/nNyHb0xz">Android</a>-based sandboxed ones.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:376" href="#fn:376"><sup>376</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:377" href="#fn:377"><sup>377</sup></a> </p> <h3>Unix gaming</h3> <p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/Mac_gaming/aXjzqVmJ">Mac gaming</a></p> <p>A further niche exists for running games, either through ports or <a href="/facts/Lxrun/PNReBKr6">lxrun</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:378" href="#fn:378"><sup>378</sup></a> on <a href="/facts/Solaris_(operating_system)/KPfT98EJ">Solaris</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:379" href="#fn:379"><sup>379</sup></a> and derivatives such as <a href="/facts/OpenIndiana/o2wuXlcm">OpenIndiana</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:380" href="#fn:380"><sup>380</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Darwin_(operating_system)/DogI3ptd">Darwin</a> distributions such as <a href="/facts/PureDarwin/DogI3ptd">PureDarwin</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:381" href="#fn:381"><sup>381</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Coherent_(operating_system)/0N5lb15h">Coherent</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:382" href="#fn:382"><sup>382</sup></a> <a href="/facts/SerenityOS/t6BQ9pJc">SerenityOS</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:383" href="#fn:383"><sup>383</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:384" href="#fn:384"><sup>384</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Redox_OS/zWxjc3xe">Redox OS</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:385" href="#fn:385"><sup>385</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:386" href="#fn:386"><sup>386</sup></a> <a href="/facts/ToaruOS/fpUhwr3x">ToaruOS</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:387" href="#fn:387"><sup>387</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Xv6/pzV9lwfA">Xv6</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:388" href="#fn:388"><sup>388</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Fiwix/MJL3mTJE">Fiwix</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:389" href="#fn:389"><sup>389</sup></a> or on <a href="/facts/Minix/dzdlkN6g">Minix</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:390" href="#fn:390"><sup>390</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/GNU_Hurd/LU1mHe5M">Hurd</a> based systems.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:391" href="#fn:391"><sup>391</sup></a> There has been some cross-pollination with purely proprietary <a href="/facts/Unix/0pNL2seI">Unix</a> <a href="/facts/List_of_Unix_systems/U8X53e9u">derivatives</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:392" href="#fn:392"><sup>392</sup></a> such as <a href="/facts/AIX/cRWERua2">AIX</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:393" href="#fn:393"><sup>393</sup></a> <a href="/facts/QNX/gBsfJvcB">QNX</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:394" href="#fn:394"><sup>394</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Domain/OS/Nzs4bcor">Domain/OS</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:395" href="#fn:395"><sup>395</sup></a> <a href="/facts/HP-UX/hIvLDdJF">HP-UX</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:396" href="#fn:396"><sup>396</sup></a> <a href="/facts/IRIX/vK9rSatM">IRIX</a> (see here),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:397" href="#fn:397"><sup>397</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:398" href="#fn:398"><sup>398</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Xenix/G8sH08Tp">Xenix</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:399" href="#fn:399"><sup>399</sup></a> <a href="/facts/SCO_Unix/MuIplPGX">SCO Unix</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:400" href="#fn:400"><sup>400</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Unixware/L0q19BlL">Unixware</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:401" href="#fn:401"><sup>401</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Tru64_UNIX/J4tMy7uA">Tru64 UNIX</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:402" href="#fn:402"><sup>402</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:403" href="#fn:403"><sup>403</sup></a> <a href="/facts/LynxOS/WgaBeqLb">LynxOS</a> (which features inbuilt Linux compatibility<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:404" href="#fn:404"><sup>404</sup></a>), <a href="/facts/Ultrix/NWH3Udfj">Ultrix</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:405" href="#fn:405"><sup>405</sup></a> <a href="/facts/OpenVMS/rAnHAgpD">OpenVMS</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:406" href="#fn:406"><sup>406</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:407" href="#fn:407"><sup>407</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Z/OS/amLCAlgV">z/OS</a> <a href="/facts/UNIX_System_Services/y1g3zARV">UNIX System Services</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:408" href="#fn:408"><sup>408</sup></a> and even <a href="/facts/A/UX/EzdufrHs">A/UX</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:409" href="#fn:409"><sup>409</sup></a> The games <i><a href="/facts/Doom_(1993_video_game)/KA6n0GoY">Doom</a></i> and <i><a href="/facts/Quake_(video_game)/M5YkzHvT">Quake</a></i> were developed by <a href="/facts/Id_Software/NsbHCMsV">id Software</a> on <a href="/facts/NeXTStep/eL0bymga">NeXTStep</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:410" href="#fn:410"><sup>410</sup></a> a forerunner of modern <a href="/facts/MacOS/Y93vVpTm">macOS</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:411" href="#fn:411"><sup>411</sup></a> before being ported to <a href="/facts/DOS/sWwDXNmX">DOS</a> and back to numerous other Unix variants.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:412" href="#fn:412"><sup>412</sup></a> This involved reaching out to numerous Unix vendors to supply machines to use in the build and testing process.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:413" href="#fn:413"><sup>413</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul> <li>Free and open-source software portal</li><li>Video games portal</li></ul> <ul><li>Directories and lists <ul><li><a href="/facts/Free_Software_Directory/yY9thraD">Free Software Directory</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_emulators/NxRBjPHe">List of emulators</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_open-source_video_games/PSK8G1Ie">List of open-source video games</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_video_game_console_emulators/BY7g6Xvg">List of video game console emulators</a></li></ul></li> <li>Linux gaming software <ul><li><a href="/facts/Direct3D/WHJ6DTcv">Direct3D (alternative implementation)</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Lutris/42bzYTvB">Lutris</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/PlayOnLinux/ePHbCCez">PlayOnLinux</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Proton_(software)/0Woex24z">Proton (software)</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Steam_(service)/nrpWwLA9">Steam (service)</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Vulkan/e188Vdpc">Vulkan</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Wine_(software)/JF0wHs7y">Wine (software)</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other articles <ul><li><a href="/facts/Linux_for_PlayStation_2/8S7q8I9E">Linux for PlayStation 2</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Sega_Lindbergh/0lGYf2XY">Sega Lindbergh</a></li></ul></li></ul> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Linux video games. Wikiquote has quotations related to <i>Video games and Linux</i>. <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Ritchie, Dennis (June 2001). "Ken, Unix and Games". ICGA Journal. 24 (2): 67–70. doi:10.3233/ICG-2001-24202. Archived from the original on October 21, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2023. <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie" target="_blank">/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Jowitt, Tom (May 26, 2017). "Tales In Tech History: Unix". Silicon UK. Retrieved March 5, 2023. The developers wanted to play the game on a PDP-7, a minicomputer built by Digital Equipment Corp found in the corner of their building. But the game couldn't be run run on more modern (and hence costly) equipment, as computing resource was a precious commodity back then. By the summer of 1969 they had developed the new Unix OS that could run the computer game and in 1971 the first ever edition of Unix was released. A second edition of Unix arrived in December 1972 and was rewritten in the higher-level language C. <a href="https://www.silicon.co.uk/cloud/server/tales-tech-history-unix-213133/2" target="_blank">https://www.silicon.co.uk/cloud/server/tales-tech-history-unix-213133/2</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Crick, Joseph (December 12, 2017). "Lessons from the Development of Unix". Medium. Retrieved March 18, 2023. <a href="https://medium.com/@joseph.crick/lessons-from-the-development-of-unix-8a324caaf1b4" target="_blank">https://medium.com/@joseph.crick/lessons-from-the-development-of-unix-8a324caaf1b4</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Toomey, Warren (December 2011). "The Strange Birth and Long Life of Unix" (PDF). IEEE Spectrum. Apart from the text-processing and general system applications, the first edition of Unix included games such as blackjack, chess, and tic-tac-toe. <a href="http://www.cse.yorku.ca/~utn/2031/Notes/unix_hist.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.cse.yorku.ca/~utn/2031/Notes/unix_hist.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Bronnikov, Sergey. "Unix ASCII games". GitHub. Retrieved March 18, 2023. <a href="http://ligurio.github.io/awesome-ttygames/" target="_blank">http://ligurio.github.io/awesome-ttygames/</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Allen Holm, Joshua (June 21, 2017). "Revisit Colossal Cave with Open Adventure". Opensource.com. Retrieved February 5, 2023. <a href="https://opensource.com/article/17/6/revisit-colossal-cave-adventure-open-adventure" target="_blank">https://opensource.com/article/17/6/revisit-colossal-cave-adventure-open-adventure</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Hasan, Mehedi (November 24, 2022). "Top 20 Best ASCII Games on Linux System". Ubuntu Pit. Retrieved March 18, 2023. <a href="https://www.ubuntupit.com/best-ascii-games-on-linux/" target="_blank">https://www.ubuntupit.com/best-ascii-games-on-linux/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Gagné, Marcel (September 1, 2000). "The Ghost of Fun Times Past". Linux Journal. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved July 20, 2022. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110607182135/http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/4169" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110607182135/http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/4169</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Woodman, Lawrence (August 11, 2009). "My Top 10 Classic Text Mode BSD Games". TechTinkering. Retrieved February 18, 2023. <a href="https://techtinkering.com/2009/08/11/my-top-10-classic-text-mode-bsd-games/" target="_blank">https://techtinkering.com/2009/08/11/my-top-10-classic-text-mode-bsd-games/</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Stallman, Richard. "Linux and the GNU System". GNU Project. Archived from the original on March 19, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2022. Some of our system components, the programming tools, became popular on their own among programmers, but we wrote many components that are not tools. We even developed a chess game, GNU Chess, because a complete system needs games too. <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" target="_blank">/wiki/Richard_Stallman</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Wen, Howard (November 21, 2001). "Building Freeciv: An Open Source Strategy Game". LinuxDevCenter.com. Archived from the original on December 29, 2008. Retrieved April 14, 2009. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081229073619/http://www.linuxdevcenter.com/pub/a/linux/2001/11/21/freeciv.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20081229073619/http://www.linuxdevcenter.com/pub/a/linux/2001/11/21/freeciv.html</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Armstrong, Ryan (November 18, 2020). "Old X Games". Zerk Zone. Retrieved February 14, 2023. <a href="https://zerker.ca/home/old-x-games.html" target="_blank">https://zerker.ca/home/old-x-games.html</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Wilson, Hamish (January 10, 2022). "Building a Retro Linux Gaming Computer - Part 8: Shovelware with a Penguin". GamingOnLinux. Retrieved February 9, 2023. <a href="https://www.gamingonlinux.com/2022/01/building-a-retro-linux-gaming-computer-part-8-shovelware-with-a-penguin/" target="_blank">https://www.gamingonlinux.com/2022/01/building-a-retro-linux-gaming-computer-part-8-shovelware-with-a-penguin/</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Link, Jay (September 30, 1999). "Easy graphics: A beginner's guide to SVGAlib". Developer.com. Retrieved September 29, 2023. <a href="https://www.developer.com/guides/easy-graphics-a-beginners-guide-to-svgalib/" target="_blank">https://www.developer.com/guides/easy-graphics-a-beginners-guide-to-svgalib/</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Pitzel, Brad (February 12, 1994). "Sasteroids v1.0 release (vga arcade game)". Retrieved October 1, 2023. <a href="https://groups.google.com/g/comp.os.linux.announce/c/os3OUbGEbRk/m/G1Nz3lV0AiQJ" target="_blank">https://groups.google.com/g/comp.os.linux.announce/c/os3OUbGEbRk/m/G1Nz3lV0AiQJ</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Ayers, Larry (July 1, 1998). "Sabre: An Svgalib Flight Sim". Linux Gazette. Retrieved September 29, 2023. <a href="https://linuxgazette.net/issue30/ayers3.html" target="_blank">https://linuxgazette.net/issue30/ayers3.html</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Beck, Andreas (November 1, 1996). "Linux-GGI Project". Linux Journal. Retrieved December 20, 2023. <a href="https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/160" target="_blank">https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/160</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Wilson, Hamish (March 12, 2024). "Building a Retro Linux Gaming Computer Part 40: The Cyborg Project". GamingOnLinux. Retrieved March 13, 2024. <a href="https://www.gamingonlinux.com/2024/03/building-a-retro-linux-gaming-computer-part-40-the-cyborg-project/" target="_blank">https://www.gamingonlinux.com/2024/03/building-a-retro-linux-gaming-computer-part-40-the-cyborg-project/</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>"Software Announcements". Linux Weekly News. January 6, 2000. Retrieved January 21, 2024. <a href="https://lwn.net/2000/0106/bigpage.php3" target="_blank">https://lwn.net/2000/0106/bigpage.php3</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Fox, Alexander (January 5, 2018). "The Best Open Source Clones of Great Old Games". Make Tech Easier. Retrieved February 4, 2023. <a href="https://www.maketecheasier.com/best-open-source-clones-of-great-old-games/" target="_blank">https://www.maketecheasier.com/best-open-source-clones-of-great-old-games/</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Maskara, Swati (March 3, 2021). "33 Best Open Source Games That Are Forever Free To Play". TechNorms. Retrieved February 4, 2023. <a href="https://www.technorms.com/71807/best-open-source-games" target="_blank">https://www.technorms.com/71807/best-open-source-games</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Johnson, Michael K. (December 1, 1994). "DOOM". Linux Journal. Retrieved April 23, 2023. <a href="http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/1" target="_blank">http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/1</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>Zimbinski, Bob (January 1, 1999). "Getting Started with Quake". Linux Journal. <a href="http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/3180" target="_blank">http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/3180</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>Hellums, Duane (March 1, 1999). "Red Hat LINUX Secrets, Second Edition". Linux Journal. Retrieved July 2, 2023. It would be nice to see some extra CD goodies included, such as Doom and Quake which are freely available elsewhere. <a href="https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/3248" target="_blank">https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/3248</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>Tackett, Jack (1997). Special Edition. Using Linux. United States: Que Corporation. p. 287. ISBN 9780470485460. The X Windows version supplied on the accompanying Slackware CD-ROM in the /contrib directory is a complete hareware version. (The Red Hat distribution automatically installs the game during installation.) Although this version runs on 386 computers, it was built to run on high-end 486 systems. If you run DOOM on a 386 with a small amount of physical RAM, be prepared to be disappointed; the game will be too slow to be enjoyable. You need lots of horse-power to play DOOM under Linux. <a href="9780470485460" target="_blank">9780470485460</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>Barkakati, Naba (1996). Linux Secrets. United States: IDG Books Worldwide. p. 96. ISBN 9781568847986. This disk set contains a collection of well-known UNIX games (X is not required), such as Hangman, Dungeon, and Snake. The set also includes id Software's DOOM. (This game comes in two versions, one runs under X, and the other runs without X.) You may want to install this disk set just so you can try out DOOM. <a href="9781568847986" target="_blank">9781568847986</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>Parker, Tim (1996). 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I did discover that Phobia III was later packaged as part of the Russian made LinuxCenter Games Collection Vol.2 compilation, a selection of Linux gaming files that was sold on either four CD-ROMs or a single DVD, but this too appeared to have been scrubbed from the internet. <a href="https://www.gamingonlinux.com/2023/08/building-a-retro-linux-gaming-computer-part-31-the-fear-of-loss/" target="_blank">https://www.gamingonlinux.com/2023/08/building-a-retro-linux-gaming-computer-part-31-the-fear-of-loss/</a> <a href="#fnref:86" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:87"><p>Wilson, Hamish (December 12, 2023). "Building a Retro Linux Gaming Computer Part 36: Entertainment for X Windows". GamingOnLinux. 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According to White in a 2006 NewsForge interview, this forking caused Wine's development to slow down for years. "Historically, the main interest for volunteer Wine developers was games; that was the primary focus for most of Wine's early years (~1993-2000). When Transgaming started in 2001, they promised that they would release their DirectX improvements back to Wine. That cast a chill over games in Wine — why work on DirectX if all these improvements would 'soon' be coming back? Of course, no meaningful improvements have ever come back, which had the effect of creating a huge hole in what had been Wine's very best facility." By 2007, White says, "The Wine community had recovered from the hole created by Transgaming." <a href="https://www.linux.com/news/finally-its-time-wine/" target="_blank">https://www.linux.com/news/finally-its-time-wine/</a> <a href="#fnref:102" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:103"><p>Moss, Richard (January 16, 2012). 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Addictivetips. Retrieved February 5, 2018. <a href="https://www.addictivetips.com/ubuntu-linux-tips/play-arcade-games-on-linux-using-mame/" target="_blank">https://www.addictivetips.com/ubuntu-linux-tips/play-arcade-games-on-linux-using-mame/</a> <a href="#fnref:105" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:106"><p>Dawe, Liam (July 15, 2019). "RetroArch, the front-end app for emulators and more is heading to Steam". GamingOnLinux. Retrieved February 5, 2023. <a href="https://www.gamingonlinux.com/2019/07/retroarch-the-front-end-app-for-emulators-and-more-is-heading-to-steam/" target="_blank">https://www.gamingonlinux.com/2019/07/retroarch-the-front-end-app-for-emulators-and-more-is-heading-to-steam/</a> <a href="#fnref:106" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:107"><p>Dawe, Liam (April 30, 2020). "If you have the retro gaming itch RetroPie 4.6 is out with support for the Raspberry Pi 4". GamingOnLinux. 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Retrieved October 28, 2023. <a href="http://www.newbreedsoftware.com/zaurus/" target="_blank">http://www.newbreedsoftware.com/zaurus/</a> <a href="#fnref:111" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:112"><p>""Agenda's agenda -- a Linux-based "Open PDA""". Archived from the original on May 13, 2008., LinuxDevices.com, retrieved July 17, 2008 <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080513071354/http://www.linuxdevices.com/articles/AT4992223978.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20080513071354/http://www.linuxdevices.com/articles/AT4992223978.html</a> <a href="#fnref:112" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:113"><p>"Games". Agenda Wiki. Archived from the original on October 17, 2006. 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I don't see social gaming becoming an immediate threat to native gaming in the near future and will probably remain a casual space. <a href="https://www.unixmen.com/options-for-linux-gamers/" target="_blank">https://www.unixmen.com/options-for-linux-gamers/</a> <a href="#fnref:304" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:305"><p>Travis (October 9, 2022). "How To Play Flash Games On Linux". Systran Box. Retrieved March 19, 2023. <a href="https://www.systranbox.com/how-to-play-flash-games-on-linux/" target="_blank">https://www.systranbox.com/how-to-play-flash-games-on-linux/</a> <a href="#fnref:305" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:306"><p>ashar_oz (July 26, 2017). "HTML5 Games Are Improving - Perfect For Ubuntu & Linux". 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Retrieved March 18, 2023. While Hedgewars is not a Linux-only game, I wanted to include it to show that even games can run under WSLg. While WSLg is likely not designed for gaming, the fact that you can play games using it shows the full depth of this new feature. <a href="https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/hands-on-with-wslg-running-linux-gui-apps-in-windows-10/" target="_blank">https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/hands-on-with-wslg-running-linux-gui-apps-in-windows-10/</a> <a href="#fnref:317" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:318"><p>Vaughan-Nichols, Steven (August 3, 2020). "3 good ways to run Linux on Windows". Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Archived from the original on March 19, 2023. 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Blockout worked flawlessly, which surprised me as it is an extremely graphics-intensive application. <a href="https://virtualizationreview.com/articles/2017/02/08/graphical-programs-on-windows-subsystem-on-linux.aspx" target="_blank">https://virtualizationreview.com/articles/2017/02/08/graphical-programs-on-windows-subsystem-on-linux.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:322" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:323"><p>Buckler, Craig (September 1, 2022). "Windows Subsystem for Linux 2: The Complete Guide for Windows 10 & 11". SitePoint. Retrieved March 18, 2023. <a href="https://www.sitepoint.com/wsl2/" target="_blank">https://www.sitepoint.com/wsl2/</a> <a href="#fnref:323" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:324"><p>Tozzi, Christopher (September 19, 2017). "Why Microsoft's Windows Subsystem for Linux Is Not As Novel As It Sounds". Channel Futures. 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"Sun Releases Tool To Make Linux Apps Run On Solaris". AUUGEN. Australia: AUUG. p. 29. Retrieved March 5, 2023. But the real strength of Linux over Solaris is the availability of games. Kay reveals, "If you've got a developer who's been doing heads-down coding for hours, they might want to take a break to use the latest greatest games," she chuckles. "If games are available on Linux now you can get them and use them on your new Solaris workstation. Managers like making sure that kind of thing is available to their creative end users." <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3I_9M0DRtT4C" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=3I_9M0DRtT4C</a> <a href="#fnref:378" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:379"><p>"Fun in the Sun". Sun Games. Archived from the original on September 14, 2018. Retrieved March 1, 2023. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180914144058/http://sungames.com:80/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180914144058/http://sungames.com:80/</a> <a href="#fnref:379" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:380"><p>"Games". Oracle Solaris Blog. October 30, 2008. Retrieved February 28, 2023. <a href="https://blogs.oracle.com/solaris/post/games" target="_blank">https://blogs.oracle.com/solaris/post/games</a> <a href="#fnref:380" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:381"><p>"Games". GNU-Darwin. Retrieved March 3, 2023. <a href="http://src.gnu-darwin.org/ports/games/" target="_blank">http://src.gnu-darwin.org/ports/games/</a> <a href="#fnref:381" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:382"><p>Dyer, Bill (December 28, 2022). "Getting Nostalgic With the Historical Coherent Operating System". It's FOSS. For a small package, it was remarkably complete. Not only was it a standalone operating system, but came with a big box of goodies, such as a Bourne Shell, C compiler, assembler, debugger, DOS disk support, uucp, at least three editors, some games, mail, and around 200 of the most used and useful UNIX commands. <a href="https://itsfoss.com/coherent-operating-system/" target="_blank">https://itsfoss.com/coherent-operating-system/</a> <a href="#fnref:382" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:383"><p>"SerenityOS Ports - Games". Retrieved March 5, 2023. <a href="https://ports.serenityos.net/#a-games" target="_blank">https://ports.serenityos.net/#a-games</a> <a href="#fnref:383" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:384"><p>Straker, Adam (August 26, 2022). "SerenityOS, the 90's Windows-like Unix system built from scratch by one man as a therapeutic project". Gearrice. Retrieved March 5, 2023. Among the ports already available we can find those of several popular video games such as Quake (I and II), Half-Life (since last January), Doom or VVVVVV, which complement own developments of the project's collaborators <a href="https://www.gearrice.com/update/serenityos-the-90s-windows-like-unix-system-built-from-scratch-by-one-man-as-a-therapeutic-project/" target="_blank">https://www.gearrice.com/update/serenityos-the-90s-windows-like-unix-system-built-from-scratch-by-one-man-as-a-therapeutic-project/</a> <a href="#fnref:384" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:385"><p>"Trying Out Redox". Redox OS. Retrieved April 25, 2023. <a href="https://doc.redox-os.org/book/ch02-04-trying-out-redox.html" target="_blank">https://doc.redox-os.org/book/ch02-04-trying-out-redox.html</a> <a href="#fnref:385" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:386"><p>Larabel, Michael (February 13, 2024). "The Current State & Plans For Porting Linux/BSD Software To Redox OS". Phoronix. Retrieved February 24, 2024. While not yet having accelerated graphics and their Wayland support is still some ways out, they have ported some games/emulators to Redox OS already like DOSBox, Neverball, OpenTTD, ScummVM, 2048, and others. <a href="https://www.phoronix.com/news/Redox-OS-Porting-Plans" target="_blank">https://www.phoronix.com/news/Redox-OS-Porting-Plans</a> <a href="#fnref:386" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:387"><p>gameblabla (November 8, 2016). "ToaruOS - Unix-like "hobby" operating system". codewalr.us. Retrieved April 25, 2023. I ported Helicopters, one of my games, just to show you how easy you can port games to it. <a href="https://codewalr.us/index.php?topic=1700.0" target="_blank">https://codewalr.us/index.php?topic=1700.0</a> <a href="#fnref:387" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:388"><p>Saeki, Takaya (October 4, 2020). "How we ran a Unix-like OS (Xv6) on our home-built CPU with our home-built C compiler". Fuelled by Coffee. Retrieved April 25, 2023. However, some teams put more energy into doing fun such as running games or playing music by connecting a speaker with their CPU. Group 6, to which I belonged, was a group of such people who loved entertainment, and we decided to run an OS as our team goal. <a href="https://fuel.edby.coffee/posts/how-we-ported-xv6-os-to-a-home-built-cpu-with-a-home-built-c-compiler/" target="_blank">https://fuel.edby.coffee/posts/how-we-ported-xv6-os-to-a-home-built-cpu-with-a-home-built-c-compiler/</a> <a href="#fnref:388" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:389"><p>"Packages". Fiwix. Retrieved April 25, 2023. lxdoom-1.4.4 <a href="https://www.fiwix.org/packages.html" target="_blank">https://www.fiwix.org/packages.html</a> <a href="#fnref:389" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:390"><p>"Porting NetBSD Userland to MINIX 3". MINIX 3 Wiki. October 28, 2018. Retrieved March 3, 2023. <a href="https://wiki.minix3.org/doku.php?id=developersguide:portingnetbsduserland" target="_blank">https://wiki.minix3.org/doku.php?id=developersguide:portingnetbsduserland</a> <a href="#fnref:390" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:391"><p>"Bug#679330: marked as done (ioquake3: Add support for GNU/Hurd)". Debian. July 5, 2012. Retrieved March 4, 2023. <a href="https://alioth-lists.debian.net/pipermail/pkg-games-devel/2012-July/023651.html" target="_blank">https://alioth-lists.debian.net/pipermail/pkg-games-devel/2012-July/023651.html</a> <a href="#fnref:391" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:392"><p>Pendleton, Bob. "Game Programming with the Simple DirectMedia Layer". ACM Digital Library. SDL officially supports Linux, Windows, BeOS, Mac OS, Mac OS X, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, BSD/OS, Solaris and IRIX. SDL also works with Windows CE, AmigaOS, Atari, QNX, NetBSD, AIX, Tru64 UNIX and SymbianOS. However, those OSes are not yet officially supported. This means if you write your application using SDL, you can port it with minimal rework to all those OSes. SDL provides a portable way to write games and multimedia applications on every major OS currently in use. <a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/fullHtml/10.5555/774727.774728" target="_blank">https://dl.acm.org/doi/fullHtml/10.5555/774727.774728</a> <a href="#fnref:392" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:393"><p>Holwerda, Thom (May 21, 2022). "The nightmare of getting DOOM running on PowerPC AIX". OSNews. Retrieved March 5, 2023. <a href="https://www.osnews.com/story/134901/the-nightmare-of-getting-doom-running-on-powerpc-aix/" target="_blank">https://www.osnews.com/story/134901/the-nightmare-of-getting-doom-running-on-powerpc-aix/</a> <a href="#fnref:393" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:394"><p>Williams, Al (May 3, 2017). "Your Next Desktop… QNX?". Hackaday. Retrieved March 5, 2023. The rest of the adventure went fairly well. He managed to build SDL and port over some games. <a href="https://hackaday.com/2017/05/03/your-next-desktop-qnx/" target="_blank">https://hackaday.com/2017/05/03/your-next-desktop-qnx/</a> <a href="#fnref:394" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:395"><p>"FORTRAN Computer Games". The Cyber Vanguard. November 18, 2022. Remake of Battle Zone (1986) by Justin S. Revenaugh for Apollo Domain/OS, using the GPR graphics library. The game was later ported as XBZONE to X11. <a href="https://cyber.dabamos.de/programming/fortran/computer-games/" target="_blank">https://cyber.dabamos.de/programming/fortran/computer-games/</a> <a href="#fnref:395" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:396"><p>"Games/Arcade". HP-UX Porting and Archive Centre. Retrieved March 4, 2023. <a href="http://hpux.connect.org.uk/hppd/hpux/Games/Arcade/" target="_blank">http://hpux.connect.org.uk/hppd/hpux/Games/Arcade/</a> <a href="#fnref:396" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:397"><p>"SGI - Freeware - Games". Archived from the original on March 20, 2007. Retrieved March 4, 2023. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070320130133/http://www.sgi.com/fun/freeware/games.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070320130133/http://www.sgi.com/fun/freeware/games.html</a> <a href="#fnref:397" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:398"><p>"SuperTuxKart IRIX Screenshots". SupterTuxKart.de. Retrieved March 4, 2023. <a href="http://www.supertuxkart.de/stkirix.html" target="_blank">http://www.supertuxkart.de/stkirix.html</a> <a href="#fnref:398" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:399"><p>Knight, John (May 2021). "Exploring Microsoft's forgotten Unix distribution". Linux Magazine. Retrieved March 18, 2023. Thankfully XENIX users weren't all business, and there are at least a few games available for the system. Although the IMG file from Archive.org wouldn't work, we found a working disk image from YouTube user MentionedBefore, who provides a link below his XENIX 2.3.1 VirtualBox tutorial. The disk comes with Worms (not the famous DOS game!), Rogue, Hack, and Trek, plus fortune and mathrec. (And there is a terminal-based version of Tetris somewhere out there!) Once installed, the executables for the games/amusements are found under /usr/games <a href="https://www.linux-magazine.com/index.php/Issues/2021/246/Remembering-XENIX/(offset)/9" target="_blank">https://www.linux-magazine.com/index.php/Issues/2021/246/Remembering-XENIX/(offset)/9</a> <a href="#fnref:399" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:400"><p>"Caldera Skunkware X11 Games". SCO Skunkware. July 6, 2001. Retrieved March 5, 2023. <a href="https://www.sco.com/skunkware/x11/games/" target="_blank">https://www.sco.com/skunkware/x11/games/</a> <a href="#fnref:400" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:401"><p>Armstrong, James; Kent, Les (November 22, 1993). "32-bit desktop operating systems". InfoWorld. United States: IDG Communications, Inc. p. 75. Retrieved March 5, 2023. Once a user is logged in, a window displays a number of icons that group some standard applications: Accessories, Applications, Preferences, Disks, Games, Shutdown, System Setup, Utilities, and Folder Maps. User can open any file or folder by double clicking on the appropriate icon. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ATsEAAAAMBAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=ATsEAAAAMBAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:401" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:402"><p>"Open Source Software Collection for Tru64 UNIX V5.1A". CLASSE. December 9, 2014. Retrieved March 5, 2023. <a href="https://wiki.classe.cornell.edu/Computing/Tru64Freeware" target="_blank">https://wiki.classe.cornell.edu/Computing/Tru64Freeware</a> <a href="#fnref:402" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:403"><p>Magee, Mike (September 6, 1999). "1.6GHz Alpha to be fastest Quake chip on planet". The Register. Retrieved March 5, 2023. The beast is not designed for Windows - its OS preference a version of real time Tru64 using current OpenGL for the platform. Real time versions of Tru64 might be used in a high end arcade game console, with workstations using a more "normal" Tru64 Unix with OpenGL. Quake and Quake 2 are native on Alpha Linux platforms. <a href="https://www.theregister.com/1999/09/06/1_6ghz_alpha/" target="_blank">https://www.theregister.com/1999/09/06/1_6ghz_alpha/</a> <a href="#fnref:403" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:404"><p>Lehrbaum, Rick (May 8, 2000). "Lynx + Linux = ... Lynux". ZDNET. Retrieved March 5, 2023. <a href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/lynx-linux-lynux/" target="_blank">https://www.zdnet.com/article/lynx-linux-lynux/</a> <a href="#fnref:404" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:405"><p>"ULTRIX - Reference Pages for Unsupported Software" (PDF). Digital Equipment Corporation. June 1990. Retrieved March 18, 2023. Section 6: Games - The reference pages in this section describe the games that are available in the unsupported software subset. <a href="http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/vax/ultrix-32/4.0_Jun90/AA-MF05B-TE_Reference_Pages_for_Unsupported_Software_Jun90.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/vax/ultrix-32/4.0_Jun90/AA-MF05B-TE_Reference_Pages_for_Unsupported_Software_Jun90.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:405" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:406"><p>Moreau, Patrick (January 2, 2003). "Thematic Download Pages". The DECWindows Archive. Retrieved April 7, 2023. <a href="http://decwarch.free.fr/decw.html" target="_blank">http://decwarch.free.fr/decw.html</a> <a href="#fnref:406" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:407"><p>"Downloads: Games". OpenVMS Hobbyist Program. Retrieved April 7, 2023. <a href="https://www.openvmshobbyist.com/downloads.php?cat_id=3" target="_blank">https://www.openvmshobbyist.com/downloads.php?cat_id=3</a> <a href="#fnref:407" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:408"><p>Kippins, Aaron; Ropes, Charlie; Huntington, Brad (May 21, 2020). "Minecraft on Z/OS". IBM Corporation. Retrieved March 17, 2023. <a href="https://ecc.marist.edu/documents/355984/2180584/Kippins%2C+Aaron+Slides+Minecraft+on+Z.pdf/82ddfae0-eea8-4930-9741-4148e6dea6d2" target="_blank">https://ecc.marist.edu/documents/355984/2180584/Kippins%2C+Aaron+Slides+Minecraft+on+Z.pdf/82ddfae0-eea8-4930-9741-4148e6dea6d2</a> <a href="#fnref:408" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:409"><p>Holwerda, Thom (June 9, 2022). "Porting Doom to A/UX". OSNews. Retrieved January 28, 2024. <a href="https://www.osnews.com/story/134966/porting-doom-to-a-ux/" target="_blank">https://www.osnews.com/story/134966/porting-doom-to-a-ux/</a> <a href="#fnref:409" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:410"><p>"Fiddling with NeXTSTEP". posts.boy. December 29, 2011. Retrieved March 18, 2023. This screenshot shows Facebook, looking rather broken, and DOOM in the front. id Software used NeXT systems to create the famous first person shooter. Relying on the Objective-C based development environment to create most of the tools, like the level editor. <a href="https://posts.boy.sh/fiddling-with-nextstep" target="_blank">https://posts.boy.sh/fiddling-with-nextstep</a> <a href="#fnref:410" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:411"><p>Edwards, Benj (August 24, 2020). "Before Mac OS X: What Was NeXTSTEP, and Why Did People Love It?". How-To-Geek. Retrieved March 18, 2023. <a href="https://www.howtogeek.com/698532/before-mac-os-x-what-was-nextstep-and-why-did-people-love-it/" target="_blank">https://www.howtogeek.com/698532/before-mac-os-x-what-was-nextstep-and-why-did-people-love-it/</a> <a href="#fnref:411" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:412"><p>Sanglard, Fabien (December 10, 2018). "Chapter 3: NeXT". Game Engine Black Book: DOOM. p. 103. ISBN 978-1099819773. <a href="978-1099819773" target="_blank">978-1099819773</a> <a href="#fnref:412" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:413"><p>Hills, James (June 19, 1999). "Interviews - Dave Taylor, Transmeta". GA-Source. Retrieved March 21, 2023. Anyway, so it felt almost natural to do weird things. Here was a company where hundreds of thousands of dollars changed hands depending on moods and stories, Nextstep was the development environment, and showing up to work and seeing something truly miraculous in John Carmack's office or the art room about once a week was the norm. So when I started calling various workstation vendors like IBM, Sun, SGI, and asking they send workstations in exchange for typing "make", no one was terribly surprised. It was just one more of the weekly miracles, and a lesser one at that. "Oh look. There's our game running in a window on 5 architectures and as many OS's. Huh." <a href="https://www.talisman.org/~erlkonig/misc/ddt.shtml" target="_blank">https://www.talisman.org/~erlkonig/misc/ddt.shtml</a> <a href="#fnref:413" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>