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<h2 id="family-tree">Family tree</h2> <table><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2">Halime<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Ertu%25C4%259Frul_Gazi/3TxDAuff">Ertuğrul Gazi</a>d. c. 1280 <a href="/facts/Bey/wGb0Lgcd">Bey</a>r. ? – c. 1280</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Malhun_Hatun/b0cyToJ0">Malhun Hatun</a> bint Ömer</td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Osman_Gazi/mtdkpg6M">Osman Gazi</a>Possiblyc. 1254/1255–1323/1324 <a href="/facts/Bey/wGb0Lgcd">Bey</a> r. c. 1280 – c. 1299 Sultan r. 1299–1323/1324</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Nil%25C3%25BCfer_Hatun/lhv37SYF">Nilüfer Hatun</a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Orhan_Gazi/zWx1N6c7">Orhan Gazi</a>d. 1362 Sultanr. 1323/1324–1362</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/G%25C3%25BCl%25C3%25A7i%25C3%25A7ek_Hatun/lFS3SqG7">Gülçiçek Hatun</a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Murad_I/dXWvRmuz">Murad I</a>1326–1389 Sultanr. 1362–1389</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Devlet_Hatun/2Hpcc0Wa">Devlet Hatun</a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Bayezid_I/pTaqEd7H">Bayezid I</a>c. 1360–1403 Sultanr. 1389–1402</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Emine_Hatun/ToGfwf8o">Emine Hatun</a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Mehmed_I/IetlV8wk">Mehmed I</a>c. 1386–1421 Sultanr. 1413–1421</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/H%25C3%25BCma_Hatun/m0ke0Ef1">Hüma Hatun</a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Murad_II/QsEJsne9">Murad II</a>1404–1451 Sultanr. 1421–1444r. 1446–1451</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/G%25C3%25BClbahar_Hatun_(mother_of_Bayezid_II)/oSRrVB9A">Emine Gülbahar Mükrime Hatun</a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Mehmed_II/gdtDX2nE">Mehmed II ("the Conqueror")</a>1432–1481 Sultanr. 1444–1446r. 1451–1481</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/G%25C3%25BClbahar_Hatun_(wife_of_Bayezid_II)/WFyFhjhC">Ayşe Gülbahar Hatun</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Bayezid_II/KwYGdMPN">Bayezid II</a>1448–1512 Sultanr. 1481–1512</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Ay%25C5%259Fe_Hafsa_Sultan/Cz1qV61G">Ayşe Hafsa Sultan</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Selim_I/aVcgQv8C">Selim I</a>1466–1520 Sultanr. 1512–1520 <a href="/facts/Ottoman_Caliphate/Gw2v4wyj">Caliph</a>r. 1517–1520</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Roxelana/mpyjNy3G">Hürrem Sultan (Roxelana)</a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Suleiman_the_Magnificent/AQKbFdJu">Suleimanthe Magnificent</a>1494–1566 Sultan and Caliphr. 1520–1566</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Nurbanu_Sultan/l02Bgg50">Nurbanu Sultan</a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Selim_II/kSbEXEef">Selim II</a>1524–1574 Sultan and Caliphr. 1566–1574</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Safiye_Sultan_(mother_of_Mehmed_III)/NVzGz3E5">Safiye Sultan</a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Murad_III/t8KPB7xt">Murad III</a>1546–1595 Sultan and Caliphr. 1574–1595</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Handan_Sultan/k2xjYo91">Handan Sultan</a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Mehmed_III/1IyvUExq">Mehmed III</a>1566–1603 Sultan and Caliphr. 1595–1603</td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Halime_Sultan/3NwpW3Ks">Halime Sultan</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Mahfiruz_Hatun/j6td27K0">Mahfiruz Hatun</a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Ahmed_I/gWeX3EPY">Ahmed I</a>1590–1617 Sultan and Caliphr. 1603–1617</td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/K%25C3%25B6sem_Sultan/FKBHnfj9">Kösem Sultan</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Mustafa_I/9MyFgFJP">Mustafa I</a>1600-1639 Sultan and Caliphr. 1617–1618r. 1622–1623</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Osman_II/bf6DyV40">Osman II</a>1604–1622 Sultan and Caliphr. 1618–1622</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Murad_IV/kT5zlPxe">Murad IV</a>1612–1640 Sultan and Caliphr. 1623–1640</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Turhan_Sultan/qHlsVQBT">Turhan Hatice Sultan</a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Ibrahim_of_the_Ottoman_Empire/WKhqVwHY">Ibrahim</a>1615–1648 Sultan and Caliphr. 1640–1648</td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Saliha_Dila%25C5%259Fub_Sultan/5fpDC0SQ">Saliha Dilaşub Sultan</a></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Muazzez_Sultan/7hXDpqIb">Hatice Muazzez Sultan</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/G%25C3%25BClnu%25C5%259F_Sultan/vNDDqu2S">Emetullah Rabia Gülnuş Sultan</a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Mehmed_IV/LsWbkvp5">Mehmed IV</a>1642–1693 Sultan and Caliphr. 1648–1687</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Suleiman_II_of_the_Ottoman_Empire/0Hf0hMSC">Suleiman II</a>1642–1691 Sultan and Caliphr. 1687–1691</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Ahmed_II/qWq416N0">Ahmed II</a>1643–1695 Sultan and Caliphr. 1691–1695</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Saliha_Sultan_(wife_of_Mustafa_II)/yRQXprwq">Saliha Sultan</a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Mustafa_II/cMIBoygQ">Mustafa II</a>1664–1703 Sultan and Caliphr. 1695–1703</td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/%25C5%259Eehsuvar_Sultan/tzGtoheE">Şehsuvar Sultan</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Mihri%25C5%259Fah_Kad%25C4%25B1n/JXMr8RwK">Mihrişah Kadın</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Ahmed_III/AvUeVxCA">Ahmed III</a>1673–1736 Sultan and Caliphr. 1703–1730</td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/%25C5%259Eermi_Kad%25C4%25B1n/GYtFTE8x">Şermi Kadın</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr></tr><tr><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Mahmud_I/07dgV9Vd">Mahmud I</a>1696–1754 Sultan and Caliphr. 1730–1754</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Osman_III/LRu7Dh5M">Osman III</a>1699–1754 Sultan and Caliphr. 1754–1757</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Mihri%25C5%259Fah_Sultan_(wife_of_Mustafa_III)/qkmEj9vs">Mihrişah Sultan</a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Mustafa_III/Y0Sgr3n1">Mustafa III</a>1717–1757 Sultan and Caliphr. 1757–1774</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Sineperver_Sultan/XIRsTNDa">Sineperver Sultan</a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Abdul_Hamid_I/QeQ5wSAx">Abdul Hamid I</a>1725–1789 Sultan and Caliphr. 1774–1789</td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Nak%25C5%259Fidil_Sultan/N6l13N6n">Nakşidil Sultan</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Selim_III/FDfLKSNQ">Selim III</a>1761–1808 Sultan and Caliphr. 1789–1807</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Mustafa_IV/Fb3xkLU3">Mustafa IV</a>1779–1808 Sultan and Caliphr. 1807–1808</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Bezmi%25C3%25A2lem_Sultan/Y6tzqwQu">Bezmiâlem Sultan</a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Mahmud_II/HHeQYa2h">Mahmud II</a>1785–1839 Sultan and Caliphr. 1808–1839</td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Pertevniyal_Sultan/5JjjKjD7">Pertevniyal Sultan</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/%25C5%259Eevkefza_Kad%25C4%25B1n/5j61t3zk">Şevkefza</a></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Tirim%25C3%25BCjgan_Kad%25C4%25B1n/5YajNu5G">Gülnihal Tirimüjgan Kadın</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Abdulmejid_I/F5qsUyN7">Abdulmejid I</a>1823–1861 Sultan and Caliphr. 1839–1861</td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/G%25C3%25BClcemal_Kad%25C4%25B1n/9HBuKIVg">Gülcemal Kadın</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/G%25C3%25BClistu_Kad%25C4%25B1n/VScQT7Pr">Gülistu Kadın</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Abdulaziz/jDoFxyRF">Abdulaziz</a>1830–1876 Sultan and Caliphr. 1861–1876</td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Hayranidil_Kad%25C4%25B1n/KDFhX9fv">Hayranidil Kadın</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Murad_V/Ax8nDnPy">Murad V</a> Sultan and Caliphr. 1876</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Abdul_Hamid_II/3AWvfqF4">Abdul Hamid II</a> Sultan and Caliphr. 1876–1909</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Mehmed_V/r4QjrkYQ">Mehmed V</a> Sultan and Caliphr. 1909–1918</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Mehmed_VI/jkzx4MEw">Mehmed VI</a> Sultan and Caliphr. 1918–1922</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Abdulmejid_II/GBJjEvMc">Abdulmejid II</a> Caliphr. 1922–1924</td></tr><tr></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Ottoman_Empire/6QvfTRsg">Ottoman Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Ottoman_dynasty/YXgSxwGj">Ottoman dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ottoman_history/VLlkIIfu">Ottoman history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire/kEpbIIMQ">List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Valide_sultan/uen4Kpps">Valide sultan</a>, the title for the mother of the ruling Sultan <ul><li><a href="/facts/List_of_mothers_of_the_Ottoman_sultans/Gxd2tV62">List of mothers of the Ottoman sultans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/Haseki_sultan/kGyaHsPc">Haseki sultan</a>, the title for the wife or chief consort of the ruling Sultan <ul><li><a href="/facts/List_of_Ottoman_imperial_consorts/cKqysuAD">List of Ottoman imperial consorts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/Line_of_succession_to_the_former_Ottoman_throne/YXgSxwGj">Line of succession to the former Ottoman throne</a></li></ul> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Bahadıroğlu, Yavuz [in Turkish], ed. (2009). <a href="http://www.nesilyayinlari.com/yazar.php?id=54"><i>Resimli Osmanlı Tarihi (Ottoman History with Illustrations)</i></a> (in Turkish). İstanbul: Nesil Publications. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-9-7526-9299-2.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Hugh_Montgomery-Massingberd/eY5yU7Af">Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh</a>, ed. (1980). "The Imperial Family of Turkey". <i>Burke's Royal Families of the World</i>. Vol. II: Africa & the Middle East. London: Burke’s Peerage. pp. 237–248. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-8501-1029-6. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/18496936">18496936</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Cemal_Kafadar/bgjM1Lf0">Kafadar, Cemal</a>, ed. (2009). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LsP-2y7kuJkC"><i>Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State</i></a>. Berkeley, CA: <a href="/facts/University_of_California_Press/r11UnrYP">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-5202-0600-7. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/55849447">55849447</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Arnold_J._Toynbee/FXYUy5hj">Toynbee, Arnold J.</a>; <a href="/facts/Kemal_H._Karpat/JMJHTcVm">Karpat, Kemal H.</a>, eds. (1974). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=orEfAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA15">"The Ottoman Empire's Place in World History (Social, Economic and Political Studies of the Middle East)"</a>. <i>The Ottoman State and Its Place in World History</i>. Vol. 11. Leiden: Brill Publications. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-9-0040-3945-2. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1318483">1318483</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Leslie_P._Peirce/qeLXzN7S">Peirce, Leslie P.</a>, ed. (1993). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L6-VRgVzRcUC"><i>The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press US. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-1950-8677-5. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/243767445">243767445</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Donald_Quataert/HChlVUM4">Quataert, Donald</a>, ed. (2005). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OX3lsOrXJGcC"><i>The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922</i></a>. New York: <a href="/facts/Cambridge_University_Press/fgEBSSRq">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-5218-3910-5. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/59280221">59280221</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Peter_F._Sugar/pFgemhkx">Sugar, Peter F.</a>, ed. (1993). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LOln4TGdDHYC"><i>Southeastern Europe under Ottoman Rule, 1354–1804</i></a>. Seattle: <a href="/facts/University_of_Washington_Press/2H7KMe02">University of Washington Press</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-2959-6033-3. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/34219399">34219399</a>.</li> <li>Karateke, Hakan T., ed. (2005). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U7loMhnI5S8C&pg=PA37">"Who is the Next Ottoman Sultan? Attempts to Change the Rule of Succession during the Nineteenth Century"</a>. <i>Ottoman Reform and Muslim Regeneration: Studies in Honour of Butrus Abu-Manneb</i>. London: I. B. Tauris. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1-8504-3757-4. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/60416792">60416792</a>.</li> <li>Aşiroğlu, Orhan Gâzi, ed. (1992). <i></i>The Last Ottoman Caliph<i>, Abdülmecid</i> (in Turkish). Vol. I. Istanbul: Burak Yayınevi. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-9-7576-4517-7. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/32085609">32085609</a>.</li> <li>Duran, Tülay, ed. (1999). <i>Padişah Portreleri (Portraits of the Ottoman Empire's Sultans)</i> (in Turkish). Vol. I. Sirkeci, Istanbul: Association of Historical Research and Istanbul Research Centre. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-9-7569-2607-9. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/248496159">248496159</a>.</li> <li>Findley, Carter V., ed. (2005). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2_41FJ-pgRAC"><i>The Turks in World History</i></a> (in Turkish). New York: <a href="/facts/Oxford_University_Press/CYyTzzWG">Oxford University Press</a> US. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-1951-7726-8. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/54529318">54529318</a>.</li> <li>Glazer, Steven A., ed. (2009). "1: Historical Setting". <a href="https://archive.org/details/turkeycountrystu00metz"><i>A Country Study: Turkey</i></a>. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-8444-0864-4. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/33898522">33898522</a>.</li> <li>d’Osman Han, Nadine Sultana, ed. (2009). <a href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/trtoc.html"><i>The Legacy of Sultan Abdulhamid II: Memoirs and Biography of Sultan Selim bin Hamid Han</i></a>. Santa Fe, NM: Sultana Pub. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70659193">70659193</a>.</li> <li>Stavrides, Theoharis, ed. (2001). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ptXG0uA70lAC"><i>The Sultan of Vezirs: The Life and Times of the Ottoman Grand Vezir Mahmud Pasha Angelović (1453–1474)</i></a>. Leiden: Brill Publications. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-9-0041-2106-5. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/46640850">46640850</a>.</li> <li>Toprak, Binnaz, ed. (1981). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xIoeAAAAIAAJ"><i>Islam and Political Development in Turkey</i></a>. Leiden: Brill Publications. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-9-0040-6471-3. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8258992">8258992</a>.</li> <li>Uğur, Ali, ed. (2007). <a href="http://www.kitapyurdu.com/kitap/default.asp?id=120251"><i>Blue Imperialism</i></a> (in Turkish). Istanbul: Çatı Publishing. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-9-7588-4587-3. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/221203375">221203375</a>.</li> <li>Bernard Lewis, <i>The Emergence of Modern Turkey (Studies in Middle Eastern History)</i>, Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; 3rd edition (September 6, 2001); Paperback: 568 pages; <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-1951-3460-5; <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-1951-3460-5</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131104130915/http://www.osmanli.org.tr/osmanlisultanlari.php">"Ottoman Sultâns"</a>. Ottoman Research Foundation (Osmanlı Araştıtma Vakfı). Archived from <a href="http://www.osmanli.org.tr/osmanlisultanlari.php">the original</a> on 2013-11-04. Retrieved 2010-12-23.</li> <li><a href="http://www.enfal.de/osmtarih.htm">"Ottoman History <i>(Osmanlı Tarihi)</i>"</a>. Website the Ottoman History. Retrieved 2010-12-23.</li> <li><a href="http://www.enfal.de/otarih44.htm">"Spouses of the Ottoman Sultâns <i>(Osmanlı Padişahlarının Eşleri)</i>"</a>. Website the Ottoman History. Retrieved 2010-12-23.</li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120402034903/http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/belge/2-1254/ottoman-sultans.html">"Ottoman Sultâns <i>"Padişah Portreleri / Portraits of Ottoman Sultâns" (written by Tülay Duran has been taken as a reference in the preparation of these web pages)</i>"</a>. The Association of Historical Research and Istanbul Research Centre with the assistance of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Turkey. Archived from <a href="http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/belge/2-1254/ottoman-sultans.html">the original</a> on 2012-04-02. Retrieved 2010-12-23.</li> <li><a href="http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/english/sultans.html">Website of the 700th Anniversary of the Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080523174647/http://www.ottomanfamily.com/family_tree.html">Official website of the immediate living descendants of the Ottoman Dynasty</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Heath W. Lowry (2003). The Nature of the Early Ottoman State. Albany: SUNY Press. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-7914-8726-6. <a href="978-0-7914-8726-6" target="_blank">978-0-7914-8726-6</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Yavuz Bahadıroğlu, Resimli Osmanlı Tarihi, Nesil Yayınları (Ottoman History with Illustrations, Nesil Publications), 15th Ed., 2009, page 157, ISBN 978-9-7526-9299-2 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Bahadıroğlu, et al., p. 186, ISBN 978-9-7526-9299-2 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Bahadıroğlu, et al., p. 245 <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Bahadıroğlu, et al., p. 355 <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Bahadıroğlu, et al., p. 363 <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Bahadıroğlu, et al., p. 505 <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Bahadıroğlu, et al., p. 519 <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Bahadıroğlu, et al., p. 535 <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>