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1527
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<h2 id="events">Events</h2> <h3>January–March</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/January_1/SI1VAKRT">January 1</a> – Croatian nobles elect <a href="/facts/Ferdinand_I%2c_Holy_Roman_Emperor/4mMFlXNV">Ferdinand I</a> of Austria as <a href="/facts/King_of_Croatia/8RFTRPsH">King of Croatia</a> in the Parliament on <a href="/facts/Cetin_Castle/aUhcz49k">Cetin</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/January_5/SELkhFAN">January 5</a> – <a href="/facts/Felix_Manz/7f21y2a8">Felix Manz</a>, co-founder of the Swiss <a href="/facts/Anabaptist/hznb5ped">Anabaptists</a>, is drowned in the <a href="/facts/Limmat/YQInJQas">Limmat</a> in <a href="/facts/Z%25C3%25BCrich/dXpgq7df">Zürich</a> by the Zürich Reformed state church.</li> <li><a href="/facts/February_14/CpNgqcq1">February 14</a> – <a href="/facts/Mary_of_Hungary_(governor_of_the_Netherlands)/hu4sfXUr">Queen consort Mary of Hungary</a>, named as regent for the kingdom upon the August 29 death of her husband <a href="/facts/Louis_II_of_Hungary/KQHrA6fo">Louis II</a>, asks permission from the Hungarian Diet to step down as the regent for the newly elected Frederick of Habsburg, but is denied.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/February_21/RsJKSKWh">February 21</a> – The <a href="/facts/Mughal%25E2%2580%2593Rajput_wars/xXIvsHSe">Mughal–Rajput wars</a> begin in <a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM">India</a> between the Emperor Babur of the Mughal Empire and states of the Rajput Confederacy, with the victory of the Rajput faction at the <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Bayana/UeB9h2fQ">Battle of Bayana</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/February_24/Bw3LGK6c">February 24</a> – <ul><li><a href="/facts/Ferdinand_I%2c_Holy_Roman_Emperor/4mMFlXNV">Ferdinand</a> of the House of Habsburg is formally crowned as <a href="/facts/List_of_Bohemian_monarchs/aprTkoTY">King of Bohemia</a> at <a href="/facts/Pressburg/mr28JyEg">Pressburg</a> (now <a href="/facts/Bratislava/mr28JyEg">Bratislava</a> in <a href="/facts/Slovakia/gmJwpwM3">Slovakia</a>).</li> <li>The seven articles of the <a href="/facts/Schleitheim_Confession/QLoIYgmD">Schleitheim Confession</a> are formally adopted by the <a href="/facts/Mennonites/pFLcS0Pg">Mennonite Anabaptist</a> Christians at <a href="/facts/Schleitheim/ysXIluRc">Schleitheim</a> in the <a href="/facts/Canton_of_Schaffhausen/mu2mgNRV">Canton of Schaffhausen</a> in <a href="/facts/Switzerland/LcGuxeTe">Switzerland</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/March_17/KWQqx7wR">March 17</a> – In India, the <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Khanwa/Rg21N1Pb">Battle of Khanwa</a> is fought as the Mughal Emperor <a href="/facts/Babur/2PnFxN3z">Babur</a> defeats <a href="/facts/Rajput/wJbTbSPL">Rajput</a> ruler <a href="/facts/Rana_Sanga/nz6fA9bE">Rana Sanga</a>. This and two other major <a href="/facts/Moghul_Empire/yRg2kAy5">Moghul</a> victories lead to their domination of northern <a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM">India</a>. <a href="/facts/Dhaulpur/Hbe2b5u2">Dhaulpur</a> fort is taken by Babur.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/March_25/D4N2hXpp">March 25</a> – The <a href="/facts/Shan_States/HIGm1zF2">Confederation of Shan States</a> sacks <a href="/facts/Inwa/hSgW3JzU">Ava</a>, the capital of the <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Ava/1KDWVRg2">Ava Kingdom</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>April–June</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/April_30/lGmwclAH">April 30</a> – The <a href="/facts/Treaty_of_Westminster_(1527)/Rs08bCqp">Treaty of Westminster (1527)</a>, an alliance during the War of the League of Cognac, is signed.</li> <li><a href="/facts/May_6/blgxDDYV">May 6</a> – <a href="/facts/Sack_of_Rome_(1527)/C2WvJ3uk">Sack of Rome</a>: <a href="/facts/Spanish_Empire/RaWWgnQS">Spanish</a> and <a href="/facts/Holy_Roman_Empire/6mdobnXN">German</a> troops led by the <a href="/facts/Charles_III%2c_Duke_of_Bourbon/LyDRN5vb">Duke of Bourbon</a> sack <a href="/facts/Rome/bh1Ttx3T">Rome</a>, forcing the Medici <a href="/facts/Pope_Clement_VII/LtYJwhAe">Pope Clement VII</a> to make peace with <a href="/facts/Charles_V%2c_Holy_Roman_Emperor/QdqkWAeq">Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, marking the end of the <a href="/facts/High_Renaissance/prtrIJXu">High Renaissance</a>. The Pope grows a beard in mourning.</li> <li><a href="/facts/May_16/GjA7NgnX">May 16</a> – In <a href="/facts/Florence/Mx0uhNma">Florence</a>, the Piagnon, a group devoted to the memory of <a href="/facts/Girolamo_Savonarola/dLaqAyUg">Girolamo Savonarola</a>, drive out the <a href="/facts/Medici/HjG9REhl">Medici</a> for a second time, re-establishing the <a href="/facts/Republic_of_Florence/7yhQNe6c">Republic of Florence</a> until <a href="/facts/1530/KpRN9BXr">1530</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/June_17/1bFlHRf9">June 17</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/facts/Narv%25C3%25A1ez_expedition/lorAJAn9">Narváez expedition</a> to conquer <a href="/facts/Florida/cF245A3Q">Florida</a> sets sail from <a href="/facts/Spain/bIyrB8EY">Spain</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/facts/Protestant_Reformation/9ClEbhnL">Protestant Reformation</a> begins in <a href="/facts/Sweden/u3qC7lyj">Sweden</a>. The <a href="/facts/Riksdag_of_the_Estates/D64NwrRA">Riksdag of the Estates</a> in <a href="/facts/V%25C3%25A4ster%25C3%25A5s/nCRnItm8">Västerås</a> adopts <a href="/facts/Lutheranism/L4pMlRcS">Lutheranism</a> as the <a href="/facts/State_religion/K7E28FLL">state religion</a>, in place of <a href="/facts/Roman_Catholicism/rJ4F4gqH">Roman Catholicism</a>. This results in the confiscation of church property and dissolution of Catholic convents in accordance with the <a href="/facts/Reduction_of_Gustav_I_of_Sweden/pHGpowPu">Reduction of Gustav I of Sweden</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/June_22/uHcEq5la">June 22</a> – <a href="/facts/Jakarta/HwQk9xHT">Jakarta</a>, modern-day capital of <a href="/facts/Indonesia/vQnWU3IW">Indonesia</a>, is founded as <i>Jayakarta</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>July–September</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/July_5/dYIrCBFc">July 5</a> – General <a href="/facts/Div_Sultan_Rumlu/XAnvF9Az">Div Sultan Rumlu</a>, the regent for the 13-year old <a href="/facts/Tahmasp_I/9IQ7FK4T">Tahmasp I</a>, the <a href="/facts/Safavid_Iran/WPHAaz8e">Safavid</a> <a href="/facts/List_of_monarchs_of_Persia/NyYXHApF">Shah of Iran</a>, is assassinated and replaced by Chukha Sultan Tekali.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/July_25/lXnpX5I5">July 25</a> – The <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Sz%25C5%2591dfalva/YMGyAUCW">Battle of Sződfalva</a> is fought near <a href="/facts/Szeged/UBUSKE96">Szeged</a> in what is now <a href="/facts/Hungary/YRedQLtI">Hungary</a>, with an army of Hungarians and Romanian Transylvanians defeating a Serbian army led by <a href="/facts/Jovan_Nenad/58UKJBlp">Jovan Nenad</a>, the self-proclaimed Emperor of the Serbs. The next day, Nenad is assassinated for his failure in battle.</li> <li><a href="/facts/August_3/9AcKoe0e">August 3</a> – The first known letter is sent from North America by <a href="/facts/John_Rut/Q09tR2V7">John Rut</a>, while at <a href="/facts/St._John%2527s%2c_Newfoundland_and_Labrador/D7HoujDF">St. John's, Newfoundland</a>, during his <a href="/facts/Rut%2527s_voyage/XN11qmLc">voyage to the New World</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/August_20/a2rr3sGH">August 20</a> <ul><li>Sixty Anabaptists meet at the <a href="/facts/Martyrs%2527_Synod/XCua8JQw">Martyrs' Synod</a> in <a href="/facts/Augsburg/5aceyku1">Augsburg</a>.</li> <li>Diet of <a href="/facts/Odense/1Plt6N6R">Odense</a> (<a href="/facts/Denmark/KVtykzsw">Denmark</a>): King <a href="/facts/Frederick_I_of_Denmark/GzR8Iqzz">Frederick I</a> declares religious tolerance for <a href="/facts/Lutherans/L4pMlRcS">Lutherans</a>, permits marriage of priests and forbids seeking papal <i><a href="/facts/Pallium/REa9ar76">pallium</a></i> (approval) for royal appointments of Church officials.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/September_27/AlKebam5">September 27</a> – <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Tarcal/PJcufSCQ">Battle of Tarcal</a>: <a href="/facts/Ferdinand_I%2c_Holy_Roman_Emperor/4mMFlXNV">Ferdinand, future Holy Roman Emperor</a>, defeats <a href="/facts/John_Z%25C3%25A1polya/EWtCcm3H">John Zápolya</a> and takes over most of <a href="/facts/Hungary/YRedQLtI">Hungary</a>. John appeals to the <a href="/facts/Ottoman_Empire/6QvfTRsg">Ottomans</a> for help.</li></ul> <h3>October–December</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/October_5/NRyybbNE">October 5</a> – <a href="/facts/Sack_of_Pavia_(1527)/0V5ToVaG">French and Venetian troops kill thousands of civilians</a> in the Italian city of <a href="/facts/Pavia/gVzFpug5">Pavia</a>, even after the defenders agree to surrender.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/October_31/unFJnkkY">October 31</a> – Spanish conquistador <a href="/facts/%25C3%2581lvaro_de_Saavedra_Cer%25C3%25B3n/yUceC0XX">Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón</a> departs from <a href="/facts/Zihuatanejo/lLte7dG2">Zihuatanejo</a> in what is now Mexico on a voyage of exploration of the <a href="/facts/Pacific_Ocean/bdxgXRVM">Pacific Ocean</a>, along with three ships, Saavedra's flagship <i>La Florida</i>, and the vessels <i>Espiritu Santo</i> and <i>Santiago</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/November_3/dfF9YPTm">November 3</a> – <a href="/facts/Ferdinand_I%2c_Holy_Roman_Emperor/4mMFlXNV">Archduke Ferdinand of Austria</a> is formally crowned as the <a href="/facts/List_of_Hungarian_monarchs/nIY0x9DH">King of Hungary</a> at the <a href="/facts/Basilica_of_the_Assumption_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary/8aCxVlxW">Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a> at <a href="/facts/Sz%25C3%25A9kesfeh%25C3%25A9rv%25C3%25A1r/R3S8Bzmp">Székesfehérvár</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/November_4/c1quLHEN">November 4</a> – In India, <a href="/facts/Puranmal/JabY817h">Puranmal</a> becomes the new Raja of the <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Amber/3awgLuc3">Kingdom of Amber</a> (now in the Indian state of <a href="/facts/Rajasthan/rC0MvrRD">Rajasthan</a>) after his father, the Raja <a href="/facts/Prithviraj_Singh_I/qf2uISM5">Prithviraj Singh I</a> dies of wounds sustained in March in the <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Khanwa/Rg21N1Pb">Battle of Khanwa</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/November_15/5XjT5ocg">November 15</a> – The lands of the <a href="/facts/Prince-Bishopric_of_Utrecht/N4oCjnoY">Bishopric of Utrecht</a>, now in the <a href="/facts/Netherlands/y8xn5stT">Netherlands</a>, are ceded to control of the <a href="/facts/Habsburgs/0ttzWDwA">Habsburgs</a> in return for assistance in suppressing a rebellion by the citizens of <a href="/facts/Utrecht/49YgvgXJ">Utrecht</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/November_22/I2Yrha0Y">November 22</a> – Spain's conquest of <a href="/facts/Guatemala/MoMcSnla">Guatemala</a>'s highlands is completed as the capital of the colonial government is moved to the new city of <a href="/facts/Ciudad_Vieja/IkcFrvap">Ciudad Vieja</a> from <a href="/facts/Tecp%25C3%25A1n_Guatemala/8t4IggRN">Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala</a>, near <a href="/facts/Iximche/9taPStum">Iximche</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/November_23/8SFDmo7f">November 23</a> – The <a href="/facts/%25C3%2589rdy-codex/lybhcsxI">Érdy Codex</a>, the largest collection of <a href="/facts/Hungary/YRedQLtI">Hungarian</a> legends and <a href="/facts/Hungarian_language/nt4g0ano">Hungarian language</a> literature, is completed on Saint Clement's Day by an unidentified Carthusian monk at the seminary of <a href="/facts/Nagyszombat/Lw9b7YmH">Nagyszombat</a> in Hungary (now <a href="/facts/Trnava/Lw9b7YmH">Trnava</a> in <a href="/facts/Slovakia/gmJwpwM3">Slovakia</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/December_6/QWKuQS0n">December 6</a> – <a href="/facts/Pope_Clement_VII/LtYJwhAe">Pope Clement VII</a>, held prisoner at the <a href="/facts/Castel_Sant%2527Angelo/mFwebgl1">Castel Sant'Angelo</a> since the sack of Rome in May, is released after seven months of captivity, along with 16 Roman Catholic cardinals.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/December_15/JNJ0bo0L">December 15</a> – Two of the three ships of Álvaro de Saavedra are separated from his own vessel, <i>La Florida</i>, during a storm. The <i>Espiritu Santo</i> and <i>Santiago</i>, sailing ahead of <i>La Florida</i>, are never heard from again.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>Date unknown</h3> <ul><li>The second of the <a href="/facts/Dalecarlian_rebellions/HhIjtaCA">Dalecarlian rebellions</a> breaks out in Sweden.</li> <li>Members of the <a href="/facts/University_of_Wittenberg/DXhaJLhH">University of Wittenberg</a> flee to <a href="/facts/Jena/c1NwhRon">Jena</a> in fear of the <a href="/facts/Bubonic_plague/N9dCQ3EP">bubonic plague</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/facts/England/U9mE5bGL">England</a>, <a href="/facts/Bishop_Vesey%2527s_Grammar_School/Yg67lhqX">Bishop Vesey's Grammar School</a> (at <a href="/facts/Sutton_Coldfield/8R1ElsSt">Sutton Coldfield</a>, in the <a href="/facts/West_Midlands_(county)/tTz7YJul">West Midlands</a>) is founded by Bishop <a href="/facts/John_Vesey/vVRn1HD7">John Vesey</a>; and <a href="/facts/Sir_George_Monoux_College/zyBuB3tF">Sir George Monoux College</a> is founded as a <a href="/facts/Grammar_school/zhD4Mmn0">grammar school</a> at <a href="/facts/Walthamstow/X8XMJqEF">Walthamstow</a> by Sir <a href="/facts/George_Monoux/Chyp5M4R">George Monoux</a>, draper and Lord Mayor of London.</li> <li>The <a href="/facts/Ming_dynasty/p3bSVwUH">Ming dynasty</a> government of <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a> greatly reduces the quotas for taking grain, severely diminishing the state's capacity to relieve famines through a previously successful <a href="/facts/Granary/zABS5kRh">granary</a> system.</li></ul> <h2 id="births">Births</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/March_4/BsxaJumF">March 4</a> – <a href="/facts/Ludwig_Lavater/pYTc9g6A">Ludwig Lavater</a>, Swiss Reformed theologian (d. <a href="/facts/1586/GDCrxNlJ">1586</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/March_5/jfRKxINQ">March 5</a> – <a href="/facts/Ulrich%2c_Duke_of_Mecklenburg/GRletTme">Ulrich, Duke of Mecklenburg</a> (d. <a href="/facts/1603/DSdYG2cx">1603</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/March_10/pcuzvzSX">March 10</a> – <a href="/facts/Alfonso_d%2527Este%2c_Lord_of_Montecchio/VmcuKK1L">Alfonso d'Este, Lord of Montecchio</a>, Italian nobleman (d. <a href="/facts/1587/6NgqNB3w">1587</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/March_21/5h4oCUn7">March 21</a> – <a href="/facts/Hermann_Finck/DcH5NQ1s">Hermann Finck</a>, German composer and music theorist (d. <a href="/facts/1558/Lc9zdg5q">1558</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/March_28/4dtge7PT">March 28</a> – <a href="/facts/Isabella_Markham/xotXUYB9">Isabella Markham</a>, English courtier (d. <a href="/facts/1579/b4zTXunG">1579</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/March_31/6x7dDjky">March 31</a> – <a href="/facts/Edward_Fitton%2c_the_elder/IxRSCXKV">Edward Fitton, the elder</a>, Irish politician (d. <a href="/facts/1579/b4zTXunG">1579</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/April_14/zT7AmuDE">April 14</a> – <a href="/facts/Abraham_Ortelius/fBeXUBxl">Abraham Ortelius</a>, Flemish cartographer and geographer (d. <a href="/facts/1598/P5TTqK8k">1598</a>)</li> <li>c. <a href="/facts/May_1/eRu0VIw3">May 1</a> – <a href="/facts/Johannes_Stadius/wesPmNMj">Johannes Stadius</a>, German astronomer, astrologer, mathematician (d. <a href="/facts/1579/b4zTXunG">1579</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/May_21/7eCgCTWG">May 21</a> – <a href="/facts/Philip_II_of_Spain/xSwrEajp">Philip II</a>, King of Spain (d. <a href="/facts/1598/P5TTqK8k">1598</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/May_31/GKIS7DQr">May 31</a> – <a href="/facts/Agnes_of_Hesse/HwGVgfAc">Agnes of Hesse</a>, German noble, by marriage, Princess of Saxony (d. <a href="/facts/1555/V8v6TRgx">1555</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/June_11/8w4EmInf">June 11</a> – <a href="/facts/Anna_Sophia_of_Prussia/qBpfVDoY">Anna Sophia of Prussia</a>, Duchess of Prussia and Duchess of Mecklenburg (d. <a href="/facts/1591/dgYUh3vV">1591</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/June_24/aLzslkNw">June 24</a> – <a href="/facts/Jean_Vendeville/ooLX1vzd">Jean Vendeville</a>, French law professor, Roman Catholic bishop (d. <a href="/facts/1592/UlFy2P5N">1592</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/July_8/tqgp1Lpy">July 8</a> – <a href="/facts/Sait%25C5%258D_Yoshitatsu/QEHCaGeS">Saitō Yoshitatsu</a>, Japanese daimyō (d. <a href="/facts/1561/NQedznRo">1561</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/July_13/sGyISgoP">July 13</a> – <a href="/facts/John_Dee_(mathematician)/YKm1t4ru">John Dee</a>, English mathematician, astronomer, and geographer (d. <a href="/facts/1608/1DSH3vzI">1608</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/July_31/XlP9dbAo">July 31</a> – <a href="/facts/Maximilian_II%2c_Holy_Roman_Emperor/vdwubGGd">Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor</a> (d. <a href="/facts/1576/UcgjueqG">1576</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/August_10/gbkk1UJQ">August 10</a> – <a href="/facts/Barbara_of_Brandenburg%2c_Duchess_of_Brieg/WSVVsIWh">Barbara of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brieg</a>, German princess (d. <a href="/facts/1595/n0xJEldr">1595</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/September_29/xyx8ArD3">September 29</a> – <a href="/facts/John_Lesley/p2HKYcbF">John Lesley</a>, Scottish bishop (d. <a href="/facts/1596/AWgzdPfG">1596</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/October_2/Mx6naLFK">October 2</a> – <a href="/facts/William_Drury/nxkPPlo0">William Drury</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/facts/1579/b4zTXunG">1579</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/October_15/aljFmUX6">October 15</a> – <a href="/facts/Maria_Manuela%2c_Princess_of_Portugal/6c86rdfp">Maria Manuela, Princess of Portugal</a> (d. <a href="/facts/1545/1k1L1w9D">1545</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/October_21/03PKQrWy">October 21</a> – <a href="/facts/Louis_I%2c_Cardinal_of_Guise/rAb33Q0C">Louis I, Cardinal of Guise</a>, French Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/facts/1578/J3yqc1ed">1578</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/November_1/1tRfIDru">November 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Pedro_de_Ribadeneira/XCj7yy6T">Pedro de Ribadeneira</a>, Spanish hagiologist (d. <a href="/facts/1611/Uj2tgMnn">1611</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/William_Brooke%2c_10th_Baron_Cobham/YNMYRzNU">William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham</a>, English noble and politician (d. <a href="/facts/1597/pzCt52Ty">1597</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/November_3/dfF9YPTm">November 3</a> – <a href="/facts/Tilemann_Heshusius/omGDWJ3E">Tilemann Heshusius</a>, Gnesio-Lutheran theologian (d. <a href="/facts/1588/ma1S28Ld">1588</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/November_18/ahlTnDHt">November 18</a> – <a href="/facts/Luca_Cambiasi/Ig3gHDQz">Luca Cambiasi</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/facts/1585/B0souFk1">1585</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/December_6/QWKuQS0n">December 6</a> – <a href="/facts/Bernhard_VIII%2c_Count_of_Lippe/rJgm4yEt">Bernhard VIII, Count of Lippe</a> (d. <a href="/facts/1563/HXt2bCU9">1563</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/December_23/FRYjWUUS">December 23</a> – <a href="/facts/Hugues_Doneau/tnycDMvF">Hugues Doneau</a>, French lawyer (d. <a href="/facts/1591/dgYUh3vV">1591</a>)</li> <li><i>date unknown</i> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Luis_de_Le%25C3%25B3n/7bkGeqNL">Luis de León</a>, Spanish lyric poet and mystic (d. <a href="/facts/1591/dgYUh3vV">1591</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Annibale_Padovano/zTnQ9Ie3">Annibale Padovano</a>, Italian composer and organist (d. <a href="/facts/1575/xBuhPn0F">1575</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>probable</i> <ul><li><a href="/facts/John_Dudley%2c_2nd_Earl_of_Warwick/ASu7QxG8">John Dudley, 2nd Earl of Warwick</a>, English nobleman (d. <a href="/facts/1554/HS1Qbd6X">1554</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Lawrence_Humphrey/UEzlTtEn">Lawrence Humphrey</a>, English clergyman and educator (d. <a href="/facts/1590/cdeG2EYM">1590</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <h2 id="deaths">Deaths</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/January_5/SELkhFAN">January 5</a> – <a href="/facts/Felix_Manz/7f21y2a8">Felix Manz</a>, leader of the Swiss Anabaptists (executed) (b. <a href="/facts/1498/dcA6qlYm">1498</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/January_21/5ftFHkfk">January 21</a> – <a href="/facts/Juan_de_Grijalva/scMjgVsn">Juan de Grijalva</a>, Spanish conqueror (b. <a href="/facts/1489/jVB6HQ8X">1489</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/March_14/psCU0ha1">March 14</a> – <a href="/facts/Shwenankyawshin/N8gkbhH7">Shwenankyawshin</a>, Burmese king of <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Ava/1KDWVRg2">Ava</a> (b. <a href="/facts/1476/ryQRhwyR">1476</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/March_17/KWQqx7wR">March 17</a> – <a href="/facts/Rana_Sanga/nz6fA9bE">Rana Sanga</a>, Indian ruler (b. <a href="/facts/1484/cuDM1SUl">1484</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/April_19/7VAgzapI">April 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Christoph_I%2c_Margrave_of_Baden-Baden/4d4DApqn">Christoph I, Margrave of Baden-Baden</a> (b. <a href="/facts/1453/rqFBWIwH">1453</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Henry_Percy%2c_5th_Earl_of_Northumberland/sv9WGnb9">Henry Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland</a> (b. <a href="/facts/1477/trlly14A">1477</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>April/May – Sir <a href="/facts/Thomas_Docwra/QHDrBDpW">Thomas Docwra</a>, English Grand Prior of the Knights Hospitaller (b. <a href="/facts/1458/8P35sQXG">1458</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/May_6/blgxDDYV">May 6</a> – <a href="/facts/Charles_III%2c_Duke_of_Bourbon/LyDRN5vb">Charles III, Duke of Bourbon</a>, Count of Montpensier and Dauphin of Auvergne (b. <a href="/facts/1490/UNT8YCL1">1490</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/June_21/fsEYpDER">June 21</a> – <a href="/facts/Niccol%25C3%25B2_Machiavelli/ke0IvMXB">Niccolò Machiavelli</a>, Italian writer and statesman (b. <a href="/facts/1469/qrrxB119">1469</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/June_28/r7YMdmGk">June 28</a> – <a href="/facts/Bernardo_de%2527_Rossi/GXzDY6UY">Bernardo de' Rossi</a>, Italian bishop (b. <a href="/facts/1468/FXgCFItk">1468</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/July_28/IY2HE1aj">July 28</a> – <a href="/facts/Rodrigo_de_Bastidas/BYYIvCTT">Rodrigo de Bastidas</a>, Spanish conqueror and explorer (b. c. <a href="/facts/1460/dCAT78GY">1460</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/July_31/XlP9dbAo">July 31</a> – <a href="/facts/Anna_Swenonis/vms0BT44">Anna Swenonis</a>, Swedish manuscript illuminator</li> <li><a href="/facts/August_16/W7hpMxEU">August 16</a> – <a href="/facts/Leonhard_Kaiser/nzF5dP1j">Leonhard Kaiser</a>, German Lutheran theologian and reformer (executed) (b. c. 1480)</li> <li><a href="/facts/September_21/M05hqK1K">September 21</a> – <a href="/facts/Casimir%2c_Margrave_of_Brandenburg-Kulmbach/8NLSWefj">Casimir, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach</a>, Margrave of Bayreuth (b. <a href="/facts/1481/9mv2aTh7">1481</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/October_27/SD6UTgwY">October 27</a> – <a href="/facts/Johann_Froben/anA7AFCC">Johann Froben</a>, Swiss printer and publisher (b. c. <a href="/facts/1460/dCAT78GY">1460</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/November_15/5XjT5ocg">November 15</a> – <a href="/facts/Catherine_of_York/u3yzWvE7">Catherine of York</a>, English princess (b. <a href="/facts/1479/HLqDWfUM">1479</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/November_8/gcIyKoSF">November 8</a> – <a href="/facts/Jerome_Emser/VePodhMu">Jerome Emser</a>, German theologian (b. <a href="/facts/1477/trlly14A">1477</a>)</li> <li><i>date unknown</i> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Francesco_Colonna_(writer)/AVV3K8CF">Francesco Colonna</a>, Italian Dominican priest (b. <a href="/facts/1433/2tTByxnl">1433</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Luisa_de_Medrano/d571J3q3">Luisa de Medrano</a>, Spanish scholar (b. <a href="/facts/1484/cuDM1SUl">1484</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Div_Sultan_Rumlu/XAnvF9Az">Div Sultan Rumlu</a>, Persian military leader</li> <li><a href="/facts/Petrus_Thaborita/Dcj1FsPo">Petrus Thaborita</a>, Frisian historian and monk (b. c. <a href="/facts/1450/Fqoj4su9">1450</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Cristoforo_Solari/2wm2q7eC">Cristoforo Solari</a>, Italian sculptor and architect (b. c. <a href="/facts/1460/dCAT78GY">1460</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Jan_%2522Ci%25C4%2599%25C5%25BCki%2522_Tarnowski/Fv51QF6z">Jan "Ciężki" Tarnowski</a>, Polish nobleman (b. c. <a href="/facts/1479/HLqDWfUM">1479</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Huayna_Capac/DXKbo66A">Huayna Capac</a>, <a href="/facts/Sapa_Inca/3wWzUPkx">Sapa Inca</a> of the Inca Empire (b. <a href="/facts/1493/gP9c9tV5">1493</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Ludovico_Vicentino_degli_Arrighi/qwndcIJ6">Ludovico Vicentino degli Arrighi</a>, Italian calligrapher and type designer (b. <a href="/facts/1475/zlSDvIPI">1475</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>probable</i> – <a href="/facts/Jane_Shore/QLwkWKb6">Jane Shore</a>, mistress of King <a href="/facts/Edward_IV_of_England/WvCXWddJ">Edward IV of England</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Jansen, Sharon L. (2002). The monstrous regiment of women: female rulers in early modern Europe. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 99. ISBN 0-312-21341-7. <a href="0-312-21341-7" target="_blank">0-312-21341-7</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Donald B. Kraybill, Concise Encyclopedia of Amish, Brethren, Hutterites, and Mennonites, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010) p.25 <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>K. V. Krishna Rao (1991). Prepare Or Perish: A Study of National Security. Lancer Publishers. p. 453. ISBN 978-81-7212-001-6. <a href="978-81-7212-001-6" target="_blank">978-81-7212-001-6</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 137 <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Indonesia, the First 50 Years, 1945-1995. Buku Antar Bangsa. 1995. p. 119. ISBN 978-979-8926-00-6. <a href="978-979-8926-00-6" target="_blank">978-979-8926-00-6</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Fisher, William Bayne; Jackson, Peter; Lockhart, Lawrence (1986). The Cambridge History of Iran. Cambridge University Press. p. 236. ISBN 0521200946. Retrieved September 16, 2015. <a href="0521200946" target="_blank">0521200946</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Steffensen, Kenneth (2007). Scandinavia After the Fall of the Kalmar Union: a Study of Scandinavian Relations, 1523-1536. Unpubl. M.A. Thesis, Brigham Young University. <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Fisher, George P (1873). The Reformation. Scribner. <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Setton, Kenneth Meyer (1984). The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571. Vol. III: The Sixteenth Century to the Reign of Julius III. American Philosophical Society. p. 286. <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Meyer_Setton" target="_blank">/wiki/Kenneth_Meyer_Setton</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Stuessy Wright, Ione (1951). Voyages of Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón 1527-1529. Coral Gables, Florida: University of Miami Press. <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Sarkar, Jadunath (1984). A History of Jaipur: C. 1503-1938. Orient Longman Limited. p. 33. ISBN 81-250-0333-9. <a href="81-250-0333-9" target="_blank">81-250-0333-9</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Holland under Habsburg Rule, 1506–1566, p. 75; Chapter three: The States of Holland and the Management of War <a href="http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft1779n76h&chunk.id=d0e2020&toc.id=d0e1786&brand=ucpress" target="_blank">http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft1779n76h&chunk.id=d0e2020&toc.id=d0e1786&brand=ucpress</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Pons Sáez, Nuria (1997). La Conquista del Lacandón. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. pp. xix–xxix. ISBN 968-36-6150-5. OCLC 40857165. <a href="968-36-6150-5" target="_blank">968-36-6150-5</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Gyula Zolnai, Nyelvemlékeink a könyvnyomtatás koráig ("Our language heritage before the age of printing")(Budapest, 1894) <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Gayangos (ed.), Calendar Simancas III, part 2, p. 475. Creighton, Mandell (1897). A History of the Papacy from the Great Schism to the Sack of Rome. Vol. VI. London: Longmans, Green, and Company. p. 361. ISBN 9780837077819. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) <a href="9780837077819" target="_blank">9780837077819</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Stuessy Wright, Ione (1951). Voyages of Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón 1527-1529. Coral Gables, Florida: University of Miami Press. <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Patrick Williams (March 14, 2017). Philip II. Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-4039-1381-4.[permanent dead link] <a href="978-1-4039-1381-4" target="_blank">978-1-4039-1381-4</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Peter J. French (1987). John Dee: The World of an Elizabethan Magus. Psychology Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-7448-0079-1. <a href="978-0-7448-0079-1" target="_blank">978-0-7448-0079-1</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Phil Harris; Andrew Lock; Patricia Rees (April 20, 2000). Machiavelli, Marketing and Management. Routledge. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-134-60568-2. <a href="978-1-134-60568-2" target="_blank">978-1-134-60568-2</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Panton, James (February 24, 2011). Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy. Scarecrow Press. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-8108-7497-8. <a href="978-0-8108-7497-8" target="_blank">978-0-8108-7497-8</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>