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Internet Explorer for UNIX
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<h2 id="development-history">Development history</h2> <p>In May 1996, it was reported that Steven Guggenheimer confirmed that they were looking into porting Internet Explorer to run on UNIX-like platforms, but were looking into how exactly it should be done.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> It was further reported that <a href="/facts/Steve_Ballmer/8Yrdmxkp">Steve Ballmer</a>, then executive vice president of Microsoft, had shown an interest earlier in the month for a Microsoft browser to run on Unix as part of the strategy to wage the <a href="/facts/Browser_wars/TtQwvGlw">browser wars</a>: </p> <blockquote><p>In pursuit of a larger share of the mammoth browser market, Microsoft has been dealing with <a href="/facts/IBM_PC_compatible/zGUpl7Sh">PC</a> and <a href="/facts/Computer_workstation/h5tK4hTt">workstation</a> makers to have its IE browser <a href="/facts/Product_bundling/MnzFSlJ1">bundled</a> with newly shipping <a href="/facts/Computer_hardware/8jSjsCNv">hardware</a>. Ballmer hinted, however, that not having a Unix browser was posing an obstacle to this <a href="/facts/Original_equipment_manufacturer/hmUhIWaS">OEM</a>-based strategy to try and catch up with No. 1 browser maker <a href="/facts/Netscape/JGWlEUI7">Netscape Communications Corp.</a>, which holds some 85 percent of the worldwide <a href="/facts/Web_browser/2pfyymLs">browser</a> market with its <a href="/facts/Netscape_Navigator/f9m231Wp">Navigator</a> product line. "We might just have to get one of those", Ballmer said of a Unix-based browser.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a></p></blockquote> <p>In June, Microsoft entered into a contract with <a href="/facts/Bristol_Technology/0Hus3tRl">Bristol Technology</a> to develop a version of Bristol's porting <a href="/facts/Application_software/YQuj7Kog">application</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012220327/http://www.bristol.com/windu/">Wind/U (archived)</a> to port IE for Windows to Unix.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> At this time Bristol also had a contract with Microsoft allowing it access to Windows source code from September 1994 to September 1997.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> The project was officially announced by Microsoft at the end of July 1996 that a native version of IE for "Solaris and other popular variants of UNIX" would be finished by the end of the year, which would have "equivalent functionality as that provided in Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.0", thus "delivering on its commitment to provide full-featured Web browser support on all major operating system platforms" as well as "supporting and promoting open standards, including <a href="/facts/HTML/sSc3fT78">HTML</a>, <a href="/facts/ActiveX/xJb7t7Eh">ActiveX</a> and <a href="/facts/Java_(programming_language)/9ScgFyAL">Java</a>".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p><p>However, following a dispute in March 1997 concerning each other's performance and because of contract negotiations with Bristol to access Windows source code after September 1997 failing,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> Microsoft reversed course and decided to directly port the Windows version in-house using the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090501040424/http://www.mainsoft.com/products/mainwin.aspx">MainWin</a> XDE (eXtended Development Environment) application from <a href="/facts/Mainsoft/PFqwVGJg">Mainsoft</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> the main competitor to Bristol Technology.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> (Microsoft would later also use MainWin to port <a href="/facts/Windows_Media_Player/k6xxSATq">Windows Media Player</a> and <a href="/facts/Outlook_Express/80CrN0Yo">Outlook Express</a> to Unix.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a>) Now well behind schedule, the 3.0 branch was apparently scrapped in favor of 4.0 (that was released for Windows half a year earlier), which used the new <a href="/facts/MSHTML/pwBEAjzj">MSHTML</a> (Trident) <a href="/facts/Browser_engine/wLna3ate">browser engine</a>. A <a href="/facts/Development_stage/z4Q4RElA">beta</a> of the Solaris version was made available on November 5, 1997,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> with a final version expected by March 1998. </p> <p>Tod Nielsen, general manager of Microsoft's <a href="/facts/Platform_evangelism/e2ABzPs0">developer relations</a> group, jokingly declared that he wanted to hold the launch of the browser at the <a href="/facts/Ripley%2527s_Believe_It_or_Not!/qzTMXmh4">Ripley's Believe It or Not</a> museum in <a href="/facts/San_Francisco/cb9l7hbC">San Francisco</a> due to the skepticism by those who believed the project was <a href="/facts/Vaporware/7ICH5nwp">vaporware</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> It was further reported that versions for <a href="/facts/HP-UX/hIvLDdJF">HP-UX</a>, <a href="/facts/AIX_operating_system/cRWERua2">IBM AIX</a>, and <a href="/facts/Irix/vK9rSatM">Irix</a> were planned<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> (note that at the time MainWin XDE 3.0 was only available for the "Solaris <a href="/facts/SPARC/m7KhEtET">SPARC</a> 2.51 platform", but MainWin XDE 2.1 was "available on Solaris SPARC 2.51, Solaris Intel 5.5.1, <a href="/facts/SunOS/oWMcGLqc">SunOS</a> 4.1.4, Irix 5.3, Irix 6.2, HP UX 10.2 and IBM AIX 4.1.5".)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> IE 4.0 for Unix on Solaris was released on March 4, 1998.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> Later that year a version for HP-UX was released. </p> <ul><li>March 5, 1998: Microsoft reached a settlement with Bristol which "provided mutual releases for any claims arising out of the IE Agreement".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></li> <li>1999 IE 5.0 for Unix on Solaris and HP-UX released.</li> <li>2001 IE 5.0 for Unix Service Pack 1 released for Solaris and HP-UX.</li></ul> <h2 id="versions">Versions</h2> <p>There are nine versions officially listed by Microsoft, listed below in bold.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> It is not known why Microsoft omitted references to the other ones from its official list. </p> <table><tbody><tr><th>Product</th><th><a href="/facts/Secure_Sockets_Layer/pGy16TnA">SSL</a></th><th>Platform</th><th>Version</th><th>Release date</th></tr><tr><td>4.0 Preview 1</td><td></td><td>Solaris</td><td></td><td>1997-11-05<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></td></tr><tr><th>4.0/4.01</th><td><a href="/facts/40-bit_encryption/beKmt3n2">40-bit</a></td><td>Solaris</td><td>4.71.2011.4<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a></td><td>1998-02-24<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></td></tr><tr><th>4.0/4.01</th><td>40-bit</td><td>HP-UX</td><td>4.71.2004.9<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a></td><td>1998-02-24<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></td></tr><tr><th>4.0/4.01</th><td>128-bit</td><td>Solaris</td><td>4.71.2011.4<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a></td><td>1998-02-24<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a></td></tr><tr><th>4.0/4.01</th><td>128-bit</td><td>HP-UX</td><td>4.71.2004.9<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a></td><td>1998-02-24<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></td></tr><tr><th>5.0</th><td>40-bit</td><td>Solaris</td><td>5.00.2013.1312<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a></td><td>1999-02-02<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></td></tr><tr><th>5.0</th><td>40-bit</td><td>HP-UX</td><td>5.00.2013.1312<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a></td><td>1999-03-17<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></td></tr><tr><th>5.0</th><td>128-bit</td><td>Solaris</td><td>5.00.2013.1312<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a></td><td>1999-02-02<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a></td></tr><tr><th>5.0</th><td>128-bit</td><td>HP-UX</td><td>5.00.2013.1312<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a></td><td>1999-03-17<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a></td></tr><tr><th>5.0 SP1 Beta</th><td>128-bit</td><td>Solaris</td><td>5.00.2013.2002<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a></td><td>2001-03-07<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>5.0 SP1 Beta</td><td>128-bit</td><td>HP-UX</td><td></td><td>2001<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>5.0 SP1</td><td>128-bit</td><td>Solaris</td><td>5.00.3314.1001<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a></td><td>2001-10-30<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>5.0 SP1</td><td>128-bit</td><td>HP-UX</td><td>5.00.3314.1001<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a></td><td>2001-10-30<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="50-readme-highlights">5.0 Readme highlights</h2> <p>Notable items from the IE for Unix 5.0 <a href="/facts/Readme/BeUhsR1I">Readme</a>:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>"Internet Explorer 5 for UNIX supports most of the features and technologies of Internet Explorer for Windows, but also differs in some respects. For example, Internet Explorer for UNIX does not support downloadable ActiveX controls or browsing and organizing your local files and folders within the browser window. Other unsupported features include filters/transitions in CSS, the DHTML Editing component, and HTML Applications (HTAs). [...] Internet Explorer for UNIX offers some features not found on the Windows version as well, such as Emacs-style keyboard shortcuts and external program associations."</li> <li>Microsoft had a <a href="/facts/Newsgroup/282rotmp">newsgroup</a> named "microsoft.public.inetexplorer.unix" on its public <a href="/facts/News_server/mdg0Ib76">news server</a> msnews.microsoft.com</li> <li>"The <a href="/facts/User_agent/dFEyg2Xj">User Agent</a> String for Internet Explorer 5 is static except for the third field which depends on the Operating System and the processor you are using. Here are some common configurations and the user agent strings generated by Internet Explorer on these platforms:"</li></ul> <table><tbody><tr><td><a href="/facts/SPARC/m7KhEtET">SPARC</a> 5, Solaris 2.5.1</td><td> </td><td>Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.0; SunOS 5.5.1 sun4m; X11)</td></tr><tr><td>Any Ultra, Solaris 2.5.1</td><td></td><td>Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.0; SunOS 5.5.1 sun4u; X11)</td></tr><tr><td>Any Ultra, Solaris 2.6</td><td></td><td>Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.0; SunOS 5.6 sun4u; X11)</td></tr><tr><td>HP 9000 C-180, HP-UX 10.20</td><td></td><td>Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.0; HP-UX B.10.20 9000/780; X11)</td></tr><tr><td>HP 9000 K-250, HP-UX 10.20</td><td></td><td>Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.0; HP-UX B.10.20 9000/802; X11)</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="disappearance">Disappearance</h2> <p>The homepage for IE for Unix was removed from Microsoft's website in the third quarter of 2002 without explanation, replaced with the message: "We sincerely apologize, but Internet Explorer technologies for UNIX are no longer available for download."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a> It was noted however, that while the homepage had been removed, the actual download page remained up for a time.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a> The reason given by Microsoft's <a href="/facts/Public_relations/mQJUIuWQ">PR firm</a> was that "low customer demand for this download did not justify the resources required for continued development".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a> </p> <h3>Successors</h3> <p>Microsoft's <a href="/facts/Internet_Explorer_for_Mac_OS_X/5UFTCbja">Internet Explorer for Mac OS X</a> was the last browser the company released for a UNIX-related platform until the release of <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Edge/BGoJEFX9">Microsoft Edge</a> for macOS and Linux in 2020. </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/List_of_web_browsers/PbUIvCfp">List of web browsers</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_web_browsers_for_Unix_and_Unix-like_operating_systems/ERkK7vWb">List of web browsers for Unix and Unix-like operating systems</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Comparison_of_web_browsers/crY3d7co">Comparison of web browsers</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://browsers.evolt.org/?ie/hpux">Archived HP-UX version</a> and <a href="http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/browsers.evolt.org/browsers/ie/hpux/5.0/ie5setup.ux11.gz">mirror</a></li> <li><a href="http://browsers.evolt.org/?ie/solaris">Archived Solaris versions</a> and <a href="http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/browsers.evolt.org/browsers/ie/solaris/5.0/ie5setup.sunos5.gz">mirror</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Microsoft leans toward a Unix platform version of its Internet Explorer browser Archived 2006-01-06 at the Wayback Machine - Dana Gardner writing for InfoWorld Electric (May 29, 1996) <a href="http://www.petting-zoo.net/~deadbeef/archive/1291.html" target="_blank">http://www.petting-zoo.net/~deadbeef/archive/1291.html</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Microsoft leans toward a Unix platform version of its Internet Explorer browser Archived 2006-01-06 at the Wayback Machine - Dana Gardner writing for InfoWorld Electric (May 29, 1996) <a href="http://www.petting-zoo.net/~deadbeef/archive/1291.html" target="_blank">http://www.petting-zoo.net/~deadbeef/archive/1291.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Bristol Technology v. Microsoft - ruling by Janet C. Hall, Connecticut District Court judge (November 3, 2000) <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927010620/http://www.ctd.uscourts.gov/Opinions/110300.JCH.Bristol3.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110927010620/http://www.ctd.uscourts.gov/Opinions/110300.JCH.Bristol3.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Bristol Technology v. Microsoft - ruling by Janet C. Hall, Connecticut District Court judge (November 3, 2000) <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927010620/http://www.ctd.uscourts.gov/Opinions/110300.JCH.Bristol3.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110927010620/http://www.ctd.uscourts.gov/Opinions/110300.JCH.Bristol3.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Tech Law Journal: Bristol Technology v. Microsoft - article from Tech Law Journal (February 21, 2001) <a href="http://www.techlawjournal.com/courts/bristol/Default.htm" target="_blank">http://www.techlawjournal.com/courts/bristol/Default.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Best-of-Breed Browsers for Multiple Platforms - press release from Microsoft (July 29, 1996) <a href="http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/1996/jul96/crosspltpr.mspx" target="_blank">http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/1996/jul96/crosspltpr.mspx</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Tech Law Journal: Bristol Technology v. Microsoft - article from Tech Law Journal (February 21, 2001) <a href="http://www.techlawjournal.com/courts/bristol/Default.htm" target="_blank">http://www.techlawjournal.com/courts/bristol/Default.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Microsoft Files Opposition to Bristol's Motion for Preliminary Injunction - article from Tech Law Journal (September 30, 1998) <a href="http://www.techlawjournal.com/atr/80930bri.htm" target="_blank">http://www.techlawjournal.com/atr/80930bri.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Microsoft launches Internet Explorer on Unix Archived 2006-03-02 at the Wayback Machine - press release from Mainsoft (March 4, 1998) <a href="http://www.mainsoft.com/news/press_releases/1998_3_04_01.aspx" target="_blank">http://www.mainsoft.com/news/press_releases/1998_3_04_01.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Bristol Technology v. Microsoft - ruling by Janet C. Hall, Connecticut District Court judge (November 3, 2000) <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927010620/http://www.ctd.uscourts.gov/Opinions/110300.JCH.Bristol3.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110927010620/http://www.ctd.uscourts.gov/Opinions/110300.JCH.Bristol3.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Microsoft to port Internet Explorer technologies to Unix - press release from Mainsoft (August 14, 2000) <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060302164232/http://www.mainsoft.com/news/press_releases/2000_8_14_01.aspx" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20060302164232/http://www.mainsoft.com/news/press_releases/2000_8_14_01.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Microsoft's Internet Explorer 4.0 for Solaris (Screenshot) - Robert McMillan writing for SunWorld (November 5, 1997) <a href="http://sunsite.uakom.sk/sunworldonline/swol-11-1997/swol-11-ie4.html" target="_blank">http://sunsite.uakom.sk/sunworldonline/swol-11-1997/swol-11-ie4.html</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Microsoft says Unix browser is on schedule - Bob Trott writing for InfoWorld Electric (January 27, 1998) <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990829191129/http://www.infoworld.com/cgi-bin/displayStory.pl?980127.wiieunix.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/19990829191129/http://www.infoworld.com/cgi-bin/displayStory.pl?980127.wiieunix.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Microsoft says Unix browser is on schedule - Bob Trott writing for InfoWorld Electric (January 27, 1998) <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990829191129/http://www.infoworld.com/cgi-bin/displayStory.pl?980127.wiieunix.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/19990829191129/http://www.infoworld.com/cgi-bin/displayStory.pl?980127.wiieunix.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Microsoft launches Internet Explorer on Unix Archived 2006-03-02 at the Wayback Machine - press release from Mainsoft (March 4, 1998) <a href="http://www.mainsoft.com/news/press_releases/1998_3_04_01.aspx" target="_blank">http://www.mainsoft.com/news/press_releases/1998_3_04_01.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Microsoft launches Internet Explorer on Unix Archived 2006-03-02 at the Wayback Machine - press release from Mainsoft (March 4, 1998) <a href="http://www.mainsoft.com/news/press_releases/1998_3_04_01.aspx" target="_blank">http://www.mainsoft.com/news/press_releases/1998_3_04_01.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Bristol Technology v. Microsoft - ruling by Janet C. Hall, Connecticut District Court judge (November 3, 2000) <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927010620/http://www.ctd.uscourts.gov/Opinions/110300.JCH.Bristol3.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110927010620/http://www.ctd.uscourts.gov/Opinions/110300.JCH.Bristol3.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>"Information about Internet Explorer versions". Archived from the original on 2009-04-05. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090405023202/http://support.microsoft.com/kb/969393" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090405023202/http://support.microsoft.com/kb/969393</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>"Internet Explorer for UNIX Home Page]". Microsoft. Archived from the original on 2002-06-03. Last Updated: October 29, 2001 <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020603064908/http://www.microsoft.com/unix/ie/default.asp" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20020603064908/http://www.microsoft.com/unix/ie/default.asp</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>"Microsoft Releases Preview Versions of Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0 For UNIX and Windows 3.1". 1997-11-05. Archived from the original on 2021-04-11. <a href="https://news.microsoft.com/1997/11/05/microsoft-releases-preview-versions-of-microsoft-internet-explorer-4-0-for-unix-and-windows-3-1/" target="_blank">https://news.microsoft.com/1997/11/05/microsoft-releases-preview-versions-of-microsoft-internet-explorer-4-0-for-unix-and-windows-3-1/</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>"Information about Internet Explorer versions". 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