Menu
Home
People
Places
Arts
History
Plants & Animals
Science
Life & Culture
Technology
Reference.org
Wine tasting descriptors
open-in-new
<h2 id="ac">A–C</h2> <ul><li>Acidic: a wine with a noticeable sense of acidity.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> It's detected by the mouth watering sensation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a></li> <li>Aftertaste: the taste left on the <a href="/facts/Palate/o0RMlkss">palate</a> after wine has been swallowed. "Finish" is a synonym.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a></li> <li>Alcoholic: a wine that has an unbalanced presence of too much alcohol.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></li> <li>Aroma: the smell of a wine. The term is generally applied to younger wines, while <i><a href="/facts/Bouquet_(wine)/S0h7e9By">bouquet</a></i> is reserved for more <a href="/facts/Aged_wines/XbED9wLM">aged wines</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></li> <li>Astringent: an overly <a href="/facts/Tannins_(wine)/aAnro4Va">tannic</a> white wine.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></li> <li>Autolytic: aroma of "yeasty" or <a href="/facts/Acacia/Lw9T7Hy6">acacia</a>-like floweriness commonly associated with wines that have been aged <i><a href="/facts/Sur_lie/yDwslU1l">sur lie</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></li> <li>Baked: a wine with a high alcohol content that gives the perception of stewed or baked fruit flavors. May indicate a wine from grapes that were exposed to the heat of the sun after harvesting.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></li> <li>Balanced: a wine that incorporates all its main components—tannins, <a href="/facts/Acid/FySU18n1">acid</a>, <a href="/facts/Sweetness_in_wine/wWP4PR42">sweetness</a>, and <a href="/facts/Alcohol_(drug)/IeK2fVd5">alcohol</a>—in a manner where no one single component stands out.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a></li> <li>Big: a wine with intense flavor, or high in alcohol.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a></li> <li>Bitter: an unpleasant perception of tannins.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></li> <li>Body: the sense of alcohol in the wine and the sense of feeling in the mouth.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> A wine is usually described as light, medium or full body.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></li> <li>Bouquet (/buːˈkeɪ/, French: [bu.kɛ]): the layers of smells and aromas perceived in a wine.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></li> <li>Brilliance: when describing the visual appearance of the wine, it refers to high clarity, very low levels of suspended solids. When describing fruit flavors, it refers to noticeable acidity and vivid intensity.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></li> <li>Buttery: a wine that has gone through <a href="/facts/Malolactic_fermentation/wPCGSXzW">malolactic fermentation</a> and has a rich, creamy mouthfeel with flavors reminiscent of <a href="/facts/Butter/FqydR0dC">butter</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></li> <li>Chewy: the sense of tannins that is not overwhelming. It is not necessarily a negative attribute for wine.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a></li> <li>Chocolaty: the flavors and mouthfeel associated with <a href="/facts/Chocolate/4drs8ryf">chocolate</a>, typically among rich red wines such as <a href="/facts/Cabernet_Sauvignon/jIXCqHRP">Cabernet Sauvignon</a> and <a href="/facts/Pinot_noir/MBsmYWjS">Pinot noir</a>.</li> <li>Closed: a wine that is not very aromatic.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a></li> <li>Cloying: a wine with a sticky or sickly sweet character that is not balanced with <a href="/facts/Acidity_(wine)/lIF43ur4">acidity</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></li> <li>Coarse: a wine with a rough texture or mouthfeel. Usually applies the perception of tannins.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a></li> <li>Complex: a wine that gives a perception of being multi-layered in terms of flavors and aromas.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a></li> <li>Concentrated: intense flavors.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a></li> <li>Connected: a sense of the wine's ability to relay its place of origin or <i><a href="/facts/Terroir/vCL8F7HX">terroir</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></li> <li>Corked: a wine that has <a href="/facts/Cork_taint/vPdXWQr4">cork taint</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a></li> <li>Crisp: a pleasing sense of acidity in the wine.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="dh">D–H</h2> <ul><li>Depth: a wine with several layers of flavor. An aspect of complexity.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a></li> <li>Dirty: a wine with off flavors and aromas that most likely resulted from poor hygiene during the fermentation or bottling process.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></li> <li>Dry: a wine that is lacking the perception of sweetness.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a></li> <li>Earthy: this can mean a wine with aromas and flavor reminiscent of <a href="/facts/Soil/5Ddpr3QM">earth</a>, such as <a href="/facts/Forest/RnMtb31v">forest</a> floor or <a href="/facts/Mushrooms/sRdY6lfe">mushrooms</a>. It can also refer to the drying impression felt on the palate caused by high levels of <a href="/facts/Geosmin/MkP604Hv">geosmin</a> that occur naturally in grapes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a></li> <li>Effervescent: sparkling/Carbonated sensation, light carbonation in categorically "still" wine.</li> <li>Elegant: a wine that possess finesse with subtle flavors that are in balance.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a></li> <li>Expressive: a wine with clearly projected aromas and flavors.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a></li> <li>Extracted: a wine with concentrated flavors, often from extended <a href="/facts/Skin_contact/bjqUzt3H">skin contact</a>, trading a rougher youth for enhanced ageability.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a></li> <li>Fallen over: a wine that, at a relatively <a href="/facts/Young_age_(wine)/XbED9wLM">young age</a>, has already gone past its peak (or optimal) drinking period and is rapidly declining in quality is said to have "fallen over".</li> <li>Fat: a wine that is full in body and has a sense of <a href="/facts/Viscosity/QLVfrdCz">viscosity</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> A wine with too much fat that is not balanced by acidity is said to be "flabby"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a> or "blowzy".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a></li> <li>Finesse: a wine of high quality that is well balanced.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a></li> <li>Finish: the sense and perception of the wine after <a href="/facts/Swallowing/z9HguLuw">swallowing</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a></li> <li>Firm: a stronger sense of tannins.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a></li> <li>Flabby: a lacking sense of acidity.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a></li> <li>Flat: in relation to <a href="/facts/Sparkling_wine/YwkC2KgX">sparkling wines</a>, flat refers to a wine that has lost its effervescence. In all other wines the term is used interchangeably with <i>flabby</i> to denote a wine that is lacking acidity, particularly on the finish.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a></li> <li>Foxy: the musty odor and flavor of wines made from <i><a href="/facts/Vitis_labrusca/emQsAEqz">Vitis labrusca</a></i> grapes native to North America, usually something undesirable.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a></li> <li>Fresh: a positive perception of acidity.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a></li> <li>Fruit: the perception of the grape characteristics and sense of body that is unique to the <a href="/facts/Varietal/k7rLLS9M">varietal</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a></li> <li>Full: wine with heavy weight or body, due to its alcohol content. It can also refer to a wine that is full in flavor and extract.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a></li> <li>Grassy: an herbaceous or vegetal element of a wine—ranging from freshly mown <a href="/facts/Lawn/8j5Yf84C">lawn</a> grass to <a href="/facts/Lemon_grass/hNPzy8qu">lemon grass</a> flavors.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a></li> <li>Green: usually negative, this can apply to a white wine with vegetal notes, or a red wine with bell pepper or herbal notes. Typically used to describe a wine made from <a href="/facts/Unripe_fruit_(wine)/KrFE6W7m">unripe fruit</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a></li> <li>Hard: overly tannic wine.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a></li> <li>Heavy: a wine that is very alcoholic with too much sense of body.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a></li> <li>Herbaceous: the herbal, vegetal aromas and flavors that maybe derived from <a href="/facts/Varietal/k7rLLS9M">varietal</a> characteristics or decisions made in the winemaking process-such as harvesting under-ripened grapes or using aggressive extraction techniques for a red wine fermented in stainless steel.</li> <li>Herbal: a wine with a flavour or aroma "reminiscent of herbs".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a></li> <li>Hollow: a wine lacking the sense of fruit.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a></li> <li>Hot: overly alcoholic wine.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="ip">I–P</h2> <ul><li>Jammy: a wine that is rich in fruit but maybe lacking in tannins.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a></li> <li>Lean: the sense of acidity in the wine that lacks a perception of fruit.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a></li> <li>Leathery: a red wine high in tannins, with a thick and soft taste.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a></li> <li>Legs: the tracks of liquid that cling to the sides of a glass after the contents have been swirled. Often said to be related to the alcohol or <a href="/facts/Glycerol/sRQ6NBQQ">glycerol</a> content of a wine. Also called <i><a href="/facts/Tears_(wine)/WW4dl0kz">tears</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a></li> <li>Musty: a wine with a "dank, old-attic smell" arising from processing moldy grapes or using dirty storage containers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a></li> <li>Nose: the <a href="/facts/Aroma/WnCopMmH">aroma</a>, smell or bouquet of a wine.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68"><sup>68</sup></a></li> <li>Oaky: a wine with a noticeable perception of the effects of <a href="/facts/Oak_(wine)/WvLFtNon">oak</a>. This can include the sense of <a href="/facts/Vanilla/TL21NweG">vanilla</a>, sweet <a href="/facts/Spices/n6K7m0nq">spices</a> like <a href="/facts/Nutmeg/ufqkrJKU">nutmeg</a>, a <a href="/facts/Cream/3zSQTkuK">creamy</a> body and a smoky or toasted flavor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69"><sup>69</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70"><sup>70</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71"><sup>71</sup></a></li> <li>Oxidative: a wine that has experienced constrained exposure to oxidation over the course of its aging process.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72"><sup>72</sup></a> The aromas and flavors that develop as a wine oxidatively matures can range from <a href="/facts/Nut_(food)/Dze1rVx7">nuttiness</a>, <a href="/facts/Biscuit/RM0u4zvf">biscuity</a> and <a href="/facts/Butter/FqydR0dC">butteriness</a> to more <a href="/facts/Spice/n6K7m0nq">spicy</a> notes.</li> <li>Oxidized: a wine that has experienced too much exposure to <a href="/facts/Oxidation/Pyd5RVcj">oxidation</a>, considered <a href="/facts/Faulty_(wine)/XmWUxr7e">faulty</a>, and may exhibit <a href="/facts/Sherry/JeetxBYY">sherry</a>-like odors.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73"><sup>73</sup></a></li> <li>Petrolly: a wine containing a high concentration of trimethyldihydronaphthalene, whose scent is evocative of the odour of <a href="/facts/Petrol/lcnxq5BS">petrol</a>, <a href="/facts/Kerosene/DoHPYXKp">kerosene</a> or <a href="/facts/Mineral_oil/KjXl9BUo">paraffin</a>. A petrolly character is considered a highly desirable characteristic in mature <a href="/facts/Riesling/HenLwPPb">Rieslings</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74"><sup>74</sup></a></li> <li>Powerful: a wine with a high level of alcohol that is not excessively alcoholic.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75"><sup>75</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="rz">R–Z</h2> <ul><li>Raisiny: a wine (usually red) with a slight taste of raisins resulting from the use of grapes that were overripe when picked.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76"><sup>76</sup></a></li> <li>Reticent: a wine that is not exhibiting much aroma or bouquet characteristics perhaps due to its youth. It can be described as the sense that a wine is "holding back".</li> <li>Rich: a sense of sweetness in the wine that is not excessive.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77"><sup>77</sup></a></li> <li>Rough: a wine with coarse texture, usually a young tannic wine.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78"><sup>78</sup></a></li> <li>Round: a wine that has a good sense of body that is not overly tannic.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79"><sup>79</sup></a></li> <li>Smokey: a wine exhibiting the aromas and flavors of the various types of <a href="/facts/Smoke/KRJaumoC">smoke</a>, such as <a href="/facts/Tobacco/bTD4RUPQ">tobacco</a> smoke, roasting fire smoke and a toasty smoke derived from <a href="/facts/Oak_(wine)/WvLFtNon">oak</a> influences.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80"><sup>80</sup></a></li> <li>Smooth: a wine with a pleasing texture. Typically refers to a wine with soft tannins.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81"><sup>81</sup></a></li> <li>Soft: a wine that is not overly tannic.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82"><sup>82</sup></a></li> <li>Sour: a wine with unbalanced, puckery acidity. Often applies to mistreated wines with excessive acetic acid, giving a vinegar-like bite.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83"><sup>83</sup></a></li> <li>Spicy: a wine with aromas and flavors reminiscent of various <a href="/facts/Spices/n6K7m0nq">spices</a> such as <a href="/facts/Black_pepper/6MMqGwm4">black pepper</a> and <a href="/facts/Cinnamon/Aag9baI6">cinnamon</a>. While this can be a characteristic of the grape varietal, many spicy notes are imparted from oak influences.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84"><sup>84</sup></a></li> <li>Supple: a wine that is not overly tannic.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85"><sup>85</sup></a></li> <li>Sweet: a wine with a noticeable sense of sugar levels (aka Residual sugar).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86"><sup>86</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87"><sup>87</sup></a></li> <li>Tannic: a wine with aggressive tannins.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88"><sup>88</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89"><sup>89</sup></a> It's detected by the drying sensation felt on the teeth, gums, tongue and inner cheeks. It comes from the skin, seeds and stems of grapes. Think of drinking dark black tea without any milk or sugar.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90"><sup>90</sup></a></li> <li>Tar: a wine with aromas and flavors reminiscent of <a href="/facts/Tar/E4tVbqyq">tar</a>. Barolo and Amarone wines often exhibit such characteristic.</li> <li>Tart: a wine with high levels of acidity.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91"><sup>91</sup></a> Tartness or acidity is detected by the mouth watering sensation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92"><sup>92</sup></a></li> <li>Toasty: a sense of the charred or smoky taste from an oaked wine.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93"><sup>93</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94"><sup>94</sup></a></li> <li>Transparency: the ability of a wine to clearly portray all unique aspects of its flavor—fruit, floral, and mineral notes. The opposite would be a wine where flavors are diffused and thoroughly integrated.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95"><sup>95</sup></a></li> <li>Typicity: how much a wine expresses the <a href="/facts/Typicity/bj42abJF">typical characteristics</a> of the <a href="/facts/Varietal/k7rLLS9M">varietal</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:96" href="#fn:96"><sup>96</sup></a></li> <li>Vanillin: an oak induced characteristic aroma reminiscent of <a href="/facts/Vanilla/TL21NweG">vanilla</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:97" href="#fn:97"><sup>97</sup></a></li> <li>Vegetal: a wine with aromas and flavor reminiscent of <a href="/facts/Vegetation/nAHr9kjk">vegetation</a> as opposed to <a href="/facts/Fruit/PBpuzk60">fruit</a> or <a href="/facts/Floral/7gI5Kefw">floral</a> notes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:98" href="#fn:98"><sup>98</sup></a></li> <li>Vinegary: a wine with "the harsh aroma of vinegar" usually resulting from the presence of <a href="/facts/Acetic_acid/uyBKA2Pd">acetic acid</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:99" href="#fn:99"><sup>99</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul> <li>Wine portal</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Aroma_of_wine/S0h7e9By">Aroma of wine</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Aroma_wheel/dPbuT3rd">Aroma wheel</a></li></ul> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <ul><li>MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare"><i>The Wine Bible</i></a>. Workman Publishing. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-56305-434-5.</li> <li>Robinson, Jancis (2003). <i>Jancis Robinson's Wine Course</i> (3rd ed.). Abbeville Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-7892-0883-0.</li> <li>Robinson, Jancis, ed. (2006). <a href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00janc"><i>The Oxford Companion to Wine</i></a> (3rd ed.). <a href="/facts/Oxford_University_Press/CYyTzzWG">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-19-860990-6.</li> <li>Walton, Stuart (2000). <a href="https://archive.org/details/understandingcho00walt"><i>Understanding, Choosing and Enjoying Wine</i></a>. Anness Publishing. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-84081-177-3.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>MacNeil 2001, pp. 98–110. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Walton 2000, p. 11. - Walton, Stuart (2000). Understanding, Choosing and Enjoying Wine. Anness Publishing. ISBN 1-84081-177-3. <a href="https://archive.org/details/understandingcho00walt" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/understandingcho00walt</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>""Women Are Like Fine Wine" – A witty way to detect and remember top wine descriptors". TASTEnPAIR. Archived from the original on 2016-01-12. Retrieved 2016-02-11. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160112175709/http://tastenpair.com/2016/01/10/women-are-like-fine-wine-a-witty-way-to-detect-and-remember-top-wine-descriptors/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160112175709/http://tastenpair.com/2016/01/10/women-are-like-fine-wine-a-witty-way-to-detect-and-remember-top-wine-descriptors/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 862. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 862. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 863. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Robinson 2003, p. 16. - Robinson, Jancis (2003). Jancis Robinson's Wine Course (3rd ed.). Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-7892-0883-0. <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 863. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 863. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 4, 863. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>""Women Are Like Fine Wine" – A witty way to detect and remember top wine descriptors". TASTEnPAIR. Archived from the original on 2016-01-12. Retrieved 2016-02-11. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160112175709/http://tastenpair.com/2016/01/10/women-are-like-fine-wine-a-witty-way-to-detect-and-remember-top-wine-descriptors/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160112175709/http://tastenpair.com/2016/01/10/women-are-like-fine-wine-a-witty-way-to-detect-and-remember-top-wine-descriptors/</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Robinson 2006, p. 686. - Robinson, Jancis, ed. (2006). The Oxford Companion to Wine (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860990-6. <a href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00janc" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00janc</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 864. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 864. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Robinson 2003, p. 16. - Robinson, Jancis (2003). Jancis Robinson's Wine Course (3rd ed.). Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-7892-0883-0. <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>""Women Are Like Fine Wine" – A witty way to detect and remember top wine descriptors". TASTEnPAIR. Archived from the original on 2016-01-12. Retrieved 2016-02-11. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160112175709/http://tastenpair.com/2016/01/10/women-are-like-fine-wine-a-witty-way-to-detect-and-remember-top-wine-descriptors/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160112175709/http://tastenpair.com/2016/01/10/women-are-like-fine-wine-a-witty-way-to-detect-and-remember-top-wine-descriptors/</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Robinson 2003, p. 16. - Robinson, Jancis (2003). Jancis Robinson's Wine Course (3rd ed.). Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-7892-0883-0. <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 864. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 865. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Robinson 2003, p. 16. - Robinson, Jancis (2003). Jancis Robinson's Wine Course (3rd ed.). Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-7892-0883-0. <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 865. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Robinson 2003, p. 16. - Robinson, Jancis (2003). Jancis Robinson's Wine Course (3rd ed.). Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-7892-0883-0. <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 865. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 866. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 866. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 866. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>Robinson 2003, p. 16. - Robinson, Jancis (2003). Jancis Robinson's Wine Course (3rd ed.). Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-7892-0883-0. <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 6. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 866. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>Robinson 2006, p. 686. - Robinson, Jancis, ed. (2006). The Oxford Companion to Wine (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860990-6. <a href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00janc" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00janc</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 866. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:32"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 866. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:33"><p>Walton 2000, p. 11. - Walton, Stuart (2000). Understanding, Choosing and Enjoying Wine. Anness Publishing. ISBN 1-84081-177-3. <a href="https://archive.org/details/understandingcho00walt" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/understandingcho00walt</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:34"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 867. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:35"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 867. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:36"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 867. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:37"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 5. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:38"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 867. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:39"><p>Robinson 2006, p. 686. - Robinson, Jancis, ed. (2006). The Oxford Companion to Wine (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860990-6. <a href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00janc" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00janc</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:40"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 867. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:41"><p>"Velvety, bright, flabby: Stop to consider how wine feels". Chicago Tribune. 2018-08-02. Retrieved 2023-10-20. <a href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/dining/drink/sc-food-wine-texture-and-tasting-0803-story.html" target="_blank">https://www.chicagotribune.com/dining/drink/sc-food-wine-texture-and-tasting-0803-story.html</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:42"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 867. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:43"><p>Robinson 2006, p. 686. - Robinson, Jancis, ed. (2006). The Oxford Companion to Wine (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860990-6. <a href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00janc" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00janc</a> <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:44"><p>Robinson 2003, p. 16. - Robinson, Jancis (2003). Jancis Robinson's Wine Course (3rd ed.). Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-7892-0883-0. <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:45"><p>Robinson 2006, p. 686. - Robinson, Jancis, ed. (2006). The Oxford Companion to Wine (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860990-6. <a href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00janc" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00janc</a> <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:46"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 867. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:47"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 868. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:48"><p>winepros.com.au. The Oxford Companion to Wine. "foxy". <a href="http://www.winepros.com.au/jsp/cda/reference/oxford_entry.jsp?entry_id=1237" target="_blank">http://www.winepros.com.au/jsp/cda/reference/oxford_entry.jsp?entry_id=1237</a> <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:49"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 868. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:49" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:50"><p>Robinson 2003, p. 16. - Robinson, Jancis (2003). Jancis Robinson's Wine Course (3rd ed.). Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-7892-0883-0. <a href="#fnref:50" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:51"><p>Robinson 2003, p. 16. - Robinson, Jancis (2003). Jancis Robinson's Wine Course (3rd ed.). Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-7892-0883-0. <a href="#fnref:51" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:52"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 868. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:52" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:53"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 868. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:53" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:54"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 868. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:54" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:55"><p>Robinson 2006, p. 686. - Robinson, Jancis, ed. (2006). The Oxford Companion to Wine (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860990-6. <a href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00janc" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00janc</a> <a href="#fnref:55" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:56"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 868. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:56" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:57"><p>Robinson 2003, p. 16. - Robinson, Jancis (2003). Jancis Robinson's Wine Course (3rd ed.). Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-7892-0883-0. <a href="#fnref:57" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:58"><p>Robinson 2006, p. 686. - Robinson, Jancis, ed. (2006). The Oxford Companion to Wine (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860990-6. <a href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00janc" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00janc</a> <a href="#fnref:58" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:59"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 868. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:59" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:60"><p>Robinson 2003, p. 16. - Robinson, Jancis (2003). Jancis Robinson's Wine Course (3rd ed.). Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-7892-0883-0. <a href="#fnref:60" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:61"><p>Robinson 2006, p. 686. - Robinson, Jancis, ed. (2006). The Oxford Companion to Wine (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860990-6. <a href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00janc" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00janc</a> <a href="#fnref:61" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:62"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 868. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:62" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:63"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 869. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:63" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:64"><p>Robinson 2003, p. 16. - Robinson, Jancis (2003). Jancis Robinson's Wine Course (3rd ed.). Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-7892-0883-0. <a href="#fnref:64" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:65"><p>"/Glossary of Wine Tasting Terms: Lactic Acid to Lush or Luscious". Theworldwidewine.com. Retrieved 17 November 2018. <a href="http://www.theworldwidewine.com/Glossaries/Tasting/tl.php" target="_blank">http://www.theworldwidewine.com/Glossaries/Tasting/tl.php</a> <a href="#fnref:65" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:66"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 869. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:66" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:67"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 869. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:67" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:68"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 870. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:68" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:69"><p>Walton 2000, p. 11. - Walton, Stuart (2000). Understanding, Choosing and Enjoying Wine. Anness Publishing. ISBN 1-84081-177-3. <a href="https://archive.org/details/understandingcho00walt" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/understandingcho00walt</a> <a href="#fnref:69" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:70"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 870. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:70" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:71"><p>""Women Are Like Fine Wine" – A witty way to detect and remember top wine descriptors". TASTEnPAIR. Archived from the original on 2016-01-12. Retrieved 2016-02-11. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160112175709/http://tastenpair.com/2016/01/10/women-are-like-fine-wine-a-witty-way-to-detect-and-remember-top-wine-descriptors/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160112175709/http://tastenpair.com/2016/01/10/women-are-like-fine-wine-a-witty-way-to-detect-and-remember-top-wine-descriptors/</a> <a href="#fnref:71" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:72"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 870. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:72" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:73"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 870. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:73" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:74"><p>"Bottle aromas and the petrol character in Riesling". Archived from the original on 2012-12-04. Retrieved 2012-06-29. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121204205335/http://www.wine-pages.com/guests/tom/riesling-petrol-2.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20121204205335/http://www.wine-pages.com/guests/tom/riesling-petrol-2.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:74" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:75"><p>Robinson 2003, p. 16. - Robinson, Jancis (2003). Jancis Robinson's Wine Course (3rd ed.). Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-7892-0883-0. <a href="#fnref:75" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:76"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 871. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:76" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:77"><p>Robinson 2003, p. 16. - Robinson, Jancis (2003). Jancis Robinson's Wine Course (3rd ed.). Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-7892-0883-0. <a href="#fnref:77" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:78"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 872. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:78" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:79"><p>Robinson 2003, p. 16. - Robinson, Jancis (2003). Jancis Robinson's Wine Course (3rd ed.). Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-7892-0883-0. <a href="#fnref:79" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:80"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 872. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:80" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:81"><p>Robinson 2006, p. 686. - Robinson, Jancis, ed. (2006). The Oxford Companion to Wine (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860990-6. <a href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00janc" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00janc</a> <a href="#fnref:81" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:82"><p>Robinson 2003, p. 16. - Robinson, Jancis (2003). Jancis Robinson's Wine Course (3rd ed.). Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-7892-0883-0. <a href="#fnref:82" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:83"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 872. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:83" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:84"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 872. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:84" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:85"><p>Robinson 2003, p. 16. - Robinson, Jancis (2003). Jancis Robinson's Wine Course (3rd ed.). Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-7892-0883-0. <a href="#fnref:85" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:86"><p>Walton 2000, p. 11. - Walton, Stuart (2000). Understanding, Choosing and Enjoying Wine. Anness Publishing. ISBN 1-84081-177-3. <a href="https://archive.org/details/understandingcho00walt" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/understandingcho00walt</a> <a href="#fnref:86" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:87"><p>""Women Are Like Fine Wine" – A witty way to detect and remember top wine descriptors". TASTEnPAIR. Archived from the original on 2016-01-12. Retrieved 2016-02-11. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160112175709/http://tastenpair.com/2016/01/10/women-are-like-fine-wine-a-witty-way-to-detect-and-remember-top-wine-descriptors/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160112175709/http://tastenpair.com/2016/01/10/women-are-like-fine-wine-a-witty-way-to-detect-and-remember-top-wine-descriptors/</a> <a href="#fnref:87" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:88"><p>Walton 2000, p. 11. - Walton, Stuart (2000). Understanding, Choosing and Enjoying Wine. Anness Publishing. ISBN 1-84081-177-3. <a href="https://archive.org/details/understandingcho00walt" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/understandingcho00walt</a> <a href="#fnref:88" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:89"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 873. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:89" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:90"><p>""Women Are Like Fine Wine" – A witty way to detect and remember top wine descriptors". TASTEnPAIR. Archived from the original on 2016-01-12. Retrieved 2016-02-11. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160112175709/http://tastenpair.com/2016/01/10/women-are-like-fine-wine-a-witty-way-to-detect-and-remember-top-wine-descriptors/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160112175709/http://tastenpair.com/2016/01/10/women-are-like-fine-wine-a-witty-way-to-detect-and-remember-top-wine-descriptors/</a> <a href="#fnref:90" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:91"><p>Robinson 2003, p. 16. - Robinson, Jancis (2003). Jancis Robinson's Wine Course (3rd ed.). Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-7892-0883-0. <a href="#fnref:91" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:92"><p>""Women Are Like Fine Wine" – A witty way to detect and remember top wine descriptors". TASTEnPAIR. Archived from the original on 2016-01-12. Retrieved 2016-02-11. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160112175709/http://tastenpair.com/2016/01/10/women-are-like-fine-wine-a-witty-way-to-detect-and-remember-top-wine-descriptors/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160112175709/http://tastenpair.com/2016/01/10/women-are-like-fine-wine-a-witty-way-to-detect-and-remember-top-wine-descriptors/</a> <a href="#fnref:92" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:93"><p>Walton 2000, p. 11. - Walton, Stuart (2000). Understanding, Choosing and Enjoying Wine. Anness Publishing. ISBN 1-84081-177-3. <a href="https://archive.org/details/understandingcho00walt" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/understandingcho00walt</a> <a href="#fnref:93" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:94"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 873. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:94" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:95"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 515. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:95" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:96"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 873. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:96" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:97"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 874. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:97" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:98"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 874. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:98" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:99"><p>MacNeil 2001, p. 874. - MacNeil, Karen MacNeil (2001). The Wine Bible. Workman Publishing. ISBN 1-56305-434-5. <a href="https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/winebible00kare</a> <a href="#fnref:99" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>