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Carbon dioxide (data page)
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<h2 id="material-safety-data-sheet">Material Safety Data Sheet</h2> <p>The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommended that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (<a href="/facts/Material_safety_data_sheet/jbshEV2W">MSDS</a>) for this chemical from a reliable source such as <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020207111330/http://siri.org/msds/index.php">SIRI</a>, and follow its directions. MSDS for solid carbon dioxide is available from <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728025131/http://www.siri.org/msds/f2/bwr/bwrdj.html">Pacific Dry Ice, inc.</a> </p> <h2 id="structure-and-properties">Structure and properties</h2> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="2">Structure and properties</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Index_of_refraction/yjkzvgeE">Index of refraction</a>, <i>n</i>D</td><td>1.000449 at 589.3 nm and 0 °C<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Dielectric_constant/vnKbPTn1">Dielectric constant</a>, εr</td><td>1.60 ε0 at 0 °C, 50 atm</td></tr><tr><td>Average <a href="/facts/Bond_energy/q4be3EeR">energy</a> per C=O bond</td><td>804.4 kJ/mol at 298 K (25 °C)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Bond_length/rHHIBH6q">Bond length</a></td><td>C=O 116.21 pm (1.1621 Å)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Bond_angle/7USG5zDn">Bond angle</a></td><td>O–C–O: 180° (<a href="/facts/Standard_temperature_and_pressure/JhJv9KFJ">STP</a>),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> decreasing to as low as 163° at higher temperature and/or pressure<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Magnetic_susceptibility/hWMbGTjP">Magnetic susceptibility</a></td><td>−0.49×10^−6 cm^3/mol</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Surface_tension/EuluYmSM">Surface tension</a></td><td>4.34 dyn/cm at 20 °Cand equilibrium pressure</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Viscosity/QLVfrdCz">Viscosity</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> of liquidat equilibrium pressure</td><td>0.0925 mPa·s at 5 °C0.0852 mPa·s at 10 °C0.0712 mPa·s at 20 °C0.0625 mPa·s at 25 °C0.0321 mPa·s at 31.1 °C</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="thermodynamic-properties">Thermodynamic properties</h2> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="2">Phase behavior</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Triple_point/Npary634">Triple point</a></td><td>216.58 K (−56.57 °C), 518.5 kPa</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Critical_point_(thermodynamics)/pkM7RLJK">Critical point</a></td><td>304.18 K (31.03 °C), 7.38 MPa</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Standard_enthalpy_change_of_fusion/eLJIURcp">Std enthalpy changeof fusion</a>, Δfus<i>H</i>o</td><td>9.019 kJ/mol at triple point<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Standard_entropy_change_of_fusion/W2a12wwB">Entropy changeof fusion</a>, Δfus<i>S</i></td><td>40 J/(mol·K) at triple point</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Standard_enthalpy_change_of_vaporization/TbEWQDNl">Std enthalpy changeof vaporization</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> Δvap<i>H</i>o</td><td>15.326 kJ/mol at 215.7 K (−57.5 °C) (348 J/g)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Standard_entropy_change_of_vaporization/o95Ma456">Std entropy changeof vaporization</a>, Δvap<i>S</i>o</td><td>70.8 J/(mol·K)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2">Solid properties</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Standard_enthalpy_change_of_formation/UFgGC7UQ">Std enthalpy changeof formation</a>, Δf<i>H</i>osolid</td><td>−427.4 kJ/mol</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Standard_molar_entropy/FS2kWng2">Standard molar entropy</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a><i>S</i>osolid</td><td>51.07 J/(mol·K)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Heat_capacity/I63nzSyp">Heat capacity</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> <i>cp</i></td><td><p>2.534 J/(mol·K) at 15.52 K (−257.63 °C)47.11 J/(mol·K) at 146.48 K (−126.67 °C)54.55 J/(mol·K) at 189.78 K (−83.37 °C)</p></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2">Liquid properties</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Standard_enthalpy_change_of_formation/UFgGC7UQ">Std enthalpy changeof formation</a>, Δf<i>H</i>oliquid</td><td>−393.5kJ/mol</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Standard_molar_entropy/FS2kWng2">Standard molar entropy</a>,<i>S</i>oliquid</td><td>213.7J/(mol K)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Heat_capacity/I63nzSyp">Heat capacity</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> <i>cp</i></td><td>80—150 J/(mol·K) at 220—290 K</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2">Gas properties</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Standard_enthalpy_change_of_formation/UFgGC7UQ">Std enthalpy changeof formation</a>, Δf<i>H</i>ogas</td><td>−393.52 kJ/mol</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Standard_molar_entropy/FS2kWng2">Standard molar entropy</a>,<i>S</i>ogas</td><td>213.79 J/(mol·K)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Heat_capacity/I63nzSyp">Heat capacity</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> <i>cp</i></td><td><p>33.89 J/(mol K) at –75 °C36.33 J/(mol K) at 0 °C36.61 J/(mol K) at 15 °C38.01 J/(mol K) at 100 °C43.81 J/(mol K) at 400 °C50.87 J/(mol K) at 1000 °C56.91 J/(mol K) at 2000 °C53.01 J/(mol K) at 38 °C, 2457 kPa60.01 J/(mol K) at 38 °C, 5482 kPa183.1 J/(mol K) at 38 °C, 8653 kPa</p></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Heat_capacity_ratio/jFcMaukb">Heat capacity ratio</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a><i>γ</i> = <i>cp</i>/<i>cv</i></td><td><p>1.37 at –75 °C1.310 at 0 °C1.304 at 15 °C1.281 at 100 °C1.235 at 400 °C1.195 at 1000 °C1.171 at 2000 °C</p></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Van_der_Waals_equation/HTNIbJDn">van der Waals' constants</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></td><td>a = 363.96 L2 kPa/mol2b = 0.04267 liter per mole</td></tr><tr><td>Equilibrium with <a href="/facts/Carbon_monoxide/CKuLtEMJ">carbon monoxide</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a><p>CO + 1/2O2 → CO2</p><p><i>K</i> = [ CO 2 ] [ CO ] [ O 2 ] 1 / 2 {\displaystyle {\frac {[{\ce {CO2}}]}{[{\ce {CO}}][{\ce {O2}}]^{1/2}}}} </p><p><i>pK</i> = log10 <i>K</i></p></td><td><p><i>pK</i> = 45.0438 at T = 298.16 K<i>pK</i> = 25.0054 at T = 500 K<i>pK</i> = 16.5383 at T = 700 K<i>pK</i> = 11.8409 at T = 900 K<i>pK</i> = 8.8583 at T = 1100 K<i>pK</i> = 6.7989 at T = 1300 K<i>pK</i> = 5.2943 at T = 1500 K</p></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>It is used for smoking effects in different scenes. </p> <h2 id="solubility-in-water-at-various-temperatures">Solubility in water at various temperatures</h2> <table><tbody><tr><td colspan="3">Aqueous Solubility of CO2 at 101.3 kPa (1 <a href="/facts/Atmosphere_(unit)/aTbYALII">atm</a>) <a href="/facts/Partial_pressure/sRw2hj4G">partial pressure</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><table><tbody><tr><td>Temperature</td><td>‡DissolvedCO2 volumeper volume H2O</td><td>grams CO2 per100 ml H2O</td></tr><tr><td>0 °C</td><td>1.713</td><td>0.3346</td></tr><tr><td>1 °C</td><td>1.646</td><td>0.3213</td></tr><tr><td>2 °C</td><td>1.584</td><td>0.3091</td></tr><tr><td>3 °C</td><td>1.527</td><td>0.2978</td></tr><tr><td>4 °C</td><td>1.473</td><td>0.2871</td></tr><tr><td>5 °C</td><td>1.424</td><td>0.2774</td></tr><tr><td>6 °C</td><td>1.377</td><td>0.2681</td></tr><tr><td>7 °C</td><td>1.331</td><td>0.2589</td></tr><tr><td>8 °C</td><td>1.282</td><td>0.2492</td></tr><tr><td>9 °C</td><td>1.237</td><td>0.2403</td></tr><tr><td>10 °C</td><td>1.194</td><td>0.2318</td></tr><tr><td>11 °C</td><td>1.154</td><td>0.2239</td></tr><tr><td>12 °C</td><td>1.117</td><td>0.2165</td></tr><tr><td>13 °C</td><td>1.083</td><td>0.2098</td></tr><tr><td>14 °C</td><td>1.050</td><td>0.2032</td></tr><tr><td>15 °C</td><td>0.98819</td><td>0.1970</td></tr><tr><td>16 °C</td><td>0.985</td><td>0.1903</td></tr><tr><td>17 °C</td><td>0.956</td><td>0.1845</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td></td><td><table><tbody><tr><td>Temperature</td><td>‡DissolvedCO2 volumeper volume H2O</td><td>grams CO2 per100 ml H2O</td></tr><tr><td>18 °C</td><td>0.928</td><td>0.1789</td></tr><tr><td>19 °C</td><td>0.902</td><td>0.1737</td></tr><tr><td>20 °C</td><td>0.878</td><td>0.1688</td></tr><tr><td>21 °C</td><td>0.854</td><td>0.1640</td></tr><tr><td>22 °C</td><td>0.829</td><td>0.1590</td></tr><tr><td>23 °C</td><td>0.804</td><td>0.1540</td></tr><tr><td>24 °C</td><td>0.781</td><td>0.1493</td></tr><tr><td>25 °C</td><td>0.759</td><td>0.1449</td></tr><tr><td>26 °C</td><td>0.738</td><td>0.1406</td></tr><tr><td>27 °C</td><td>0.718</td><td>0.1366</td></tr><tr><td>28 °C</td><td>0.699</td><td>0.1327</td></tr><tr><td>29 °C</td><td>0.682</td><td>0.1292</td></tr><tr><td>30 °C</td><td>0.655</td><td>0.1257</td></tr><tr><td>35 °C</td><td>0.592</td><td>0.1105</td></tr><tr><td>40 °C</td><td>0.530</td><td>0.0973</td></tr><tr><td>45 °C</td><td>0.479</td><td>0.0860</td></tr><tr><td>50 °C</td><td>0.436</td><td>0.0761</td></tr><tr><td>60 °C</td><td>0.359</td><td>0.0576</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>‡Second column of table indicates solubility at each given temperature in volume of CO2 as it would be measured at 101.3 kPa and 0 °C per volume of water. </li> <li>The solubility is given for "pure water", i.e., water which contain only CO2. This water is going to be acidic. For example, at 25 °C the <a href="/facts/PH/RnSv8D7y">pH</a> of 3.9 is expected (see <a href="/facts/Carbonic_acid/fjjVAhwt">carbonic acid</a>). At less acidic pH values, the solubility will increase because of the <a href="/facts/PH/RnSv8D7y">pH</a>-dependent speciation of CO2.</li></ul> <h2 id="vapor-pressure-of-solid-and-liquid">Vapor pressure of solid and liquid</h2> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="2">T in °C</th><th>−134.3(s)</th><th>−119.5(s)</th><th>−108.6(s)</th><th>−100.2(s)</th><th>−85.7(s)</th><th>−78.2(s)</th><th>−69.1(s)</th><th>−56.7</th><th>−39.5</th><th>−18.9</th><th>5.9</th><th>22.4</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2">P in mm Hg</td><td>1</td><td>10</td><td>40</td><td>100</td><td>400</td><td>760</td><td>1520</td><td>3800</td><td>7600</td><td>15200</td><td>30400</td><td>45600</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">P in atm (2sf, derived from mm Hg)</td><td>0.0013</td><td>0.013</td><td>0.053</td><td>0.13</td><td>0.53</td><td>1.0</td><td>2.0</td><td>5.0</td><td>10</td><td>20</td><td>40</td><td>60</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">P in kPa (derived from mm Hg / atm)</td><td>0.13</td><td>1.3</td><td>5.3</td><td>13</td><td>53</td><td>101.325</td><td>202.65</td><td>506.625</td><td>1013.25</td><td>2026.5</td><td>4053</td><td>6079.5</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Table data obtained from <i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i> 44th ed. Annotation "(s)" indicates equilibrium temperature of vapor over solid. Otherwise temperature is equilibrium of vapor over liquid. For kPa values, where datum is whole numbers of atmospheres exact kPa values are given, elsewhere 2 significant figures derived from mm Hg data. </p> <h2 id="phase-diagram">Phase diagram</h2> <h2 id="liquidvapor-equilibrium-thermodynamic-data">Liquid/vapor equilibrium thermodynamic data</h2> <p>The table below gives thermodynamic data of liquid CO2 in equilibrium with its vapor at various temperatures. Heat content data, heat of vaporization, and entropy values are relative to the liquid state at 0 °C temperature and 3483 kPa pressure. To convert heat values to joules per mole values, multiply by 44.095 g/mol. To convert densities to moles per liter, multiply by 22.678 cm3 mol/(L·g). Data obtained from <i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i>, 44th ed. pages 2560–2561, except for critical temperature line (31.1 °C) and temperatures −30 °C and below, which are taken from <i>Lange's Handbook of Chemistry</i>, 10th ed. page 1463. </p> <table><tbody><tr><td colspan="9">Carbon dioxide liquid/vapor equilibrium thermodynamic data</td></tr><tr><th>Temp.°C</th><th><i>Pvap</i>Vaporpressure<a href="/facts/Pascal_(unit)/Am1To2Qm">kPa</a></th><th><i>Hliq</i>Heatcontentliquid<a href="/facts/Joule/9ndq9jD2">J</a>/g</th><th><i>Hvap</i>Heatcontentvapor<a href="/facts/Joule/9ndq9jD2">J</a>/g</th><th>Δvap<i>H</i>oHeat ofvapor-ization<a href="/facts/Joule/9ndq9jD2">J</a>/g</th><th><i>ρvap</i>Densityof vaporg/cm3</th><th><i>ρliq</i>Densityof liquidg/cm3</th><th><i>Sliq</i>Entropyliquid<a href="/facts/Joule/9ndq9jD2">J</a>/<a href="/facts/Mole_(unit)/kCMFwCc0">mol</a>-°C</th><th><i>Svap</i>Entropyvapor<a href="/facts/Joule/9ndq9jD2">J</a>/<a href="/facts/Mole_(unit)/kCMFwCc0">mol</a>-°C</th></tr><tr><td>−56.6</td><td>518.3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1.179</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>−56.0</td><td>531.8</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1.177</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>−54.0</td><td>579.1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1.169</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>−52.0</td><td>629.6</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1.162</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>−50.0</td><td>683.4</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1.155</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>−48.0</td><td>740.6</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1.147</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>−46.0</td><td>801.3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1.139</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>−44.0</td><td>865.6</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1.131</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>−42.0</td><td>933.8</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1.124</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>−40.0</td><td>1005.7</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1.116</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>−38.0</td><td>1081.9</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1.108</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>−36.0</td><td>1161.8</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1.100</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>−34.0</td><td>1246.2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1.092</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>−32.0</td><td>1335.1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1.084</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>−30.0</td><td>1428.6</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1.075</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>−28.89</td><td>1521</td><td>−55.69</td><td>237.1</td><td>292.9</td><td>0.03846</td><td>1.0306</td><td>−9.48</td><td>43.41</td></tr><tr><td>−27.78</td><td>1575</td><td>−53.76</td><td>237.3</td><td>291.0</td><td>0.03987</td><td>1.0276</td><td>−9.13</td><td>43.21</td></tr><tr><td>−26.67</td><td>1630</td><td>−51.84</td><td>237.6</td><td>289.4</td><td>0.04133</td><td>1.0242</td><td>−8.78</td><td>43.01</td></tr><tr><td>−25.56</td><td>1686</td><td>−49.87</td><td>237.6</td><td>287.5</td><td>0.04283</td><td>1.0209</td><td>−8.45</td><td>42.78</td></tr><tr><td>−24.44</td><td>1744</td><td>−47.91</td><td>237.8</td><td>285.7</td><td>0.04440</td><td>1.0170</td><td>−8.10</td><td>42.56</td></tr><tr><td>−23.33</td><td>1804</td><td>−45.94</td><td>237.8</td><td>283.6</td><td>0.04600</td><td>1.0132</td><td>−7.75</td><td>42.36</td></tr><tr><td>−22.22</td><td>1866</td><td>−43.93</td><td>237.8</td><td>281.7</td><td>0.04767</td><td>1.0093</td><td>−7.40</td><td>42.14</td></tr><tr><td>−21.11</td><td>1928</td><td>−41.92</td><td>237.8</td><td>279.6</td><td>0.04938</td><td>1.0053</td><td>−7.05</td><td>41.94</td></tr><tr><td>−20.00</td><td>1993</td><td>−39.91</td><td>237.8</td><td>277.8</td><td>0.05116</td><td>1.0011</td><td>−6.68</td><td>41.71</td></tr><tr><td>−18.89</td><td>2059</td><td>−37.86</td><td>237.8</td><td>275.7</td><td>0.05300</td><td>0.9968</td><td>−6.31</td><td>41.49</td></tr><tr><td>−17.78</td><td>2114</td><td>−35.82</td><td>237.6</td><td>273.6</td><td>0.05489</td><td>0.9923</td><td>−5.98</td><td>41.27</td></tr><tr><td>−16.67</td><td>2197</td><td>−33.73</td><td>237.6</td><td>271.2</td><td>0.05686</td><td>0.9875</td><td>−5.61</td><td>41.05</td></tr><tr><td>−15.56</td><td>2269</td><td>−31.64</td><td>237.3</td><td>269.2</td><td>0.05888</td><td>0.9829</td><td>−5.26</td><td>40.83</td></tr><tr><td>−14.44</td><td>2343</td><td>−29.54</td><td>237.3</td><td>266.9</td><td>0.06098</td><td>0.9782</td><td>−4.91</td><td>40.61</td></tr><tr><td>−13.33</td><td>2418</td><td>−27.41</td><td>237.1</td><td>264.5</td><td>0.06314</td><td>0.9734</td><td>−4.54</td><td>40.39</td></tr><tr><td>−12.22</td><td>2495</td><td>−25.27</td><td>236.9</td><td>262.2</td><td>0.06539</td><td>0.9665</td><td>−4.17</td><td>40.15</td></tr><tr><td>−11.11</td><td>2574</td><td>−23.09</td><td>236.7</td><td>259.7</td><td>0.06771</td><td>0.9639</td><td>−3.80</td><td>39.92</td></tr><tr><td>−10.00</td><td>2654</td><td>−20.90</td><td>236.4</td><td>257.3</td><td>0.07011</td><td>0.9592</td><td>−3.43</td><td>39.68</td></tr><tr><td>−8.89</td><td>2738</td><td>−18.69</td><td>235.9</td><td>254.8</td><td>0.07259</td><td>0.9543</td><td>−3.06</td><td>39.46</td></tr><tr><td>−7.78</td><td>2823</td><td>−16.45</td><td>235.7</td><td>252.2</td><td>0.07516</td><td>0.9494</td><td>−2.69</td><td>39.22</td></tr><tr><td>−6.67</td><td>2910</td><td>−14.18</td><td>235.2</td><td>249.4</td><td>0.07783</td><td>0.9443</td><td>−2.32</td><td>38.98</td></tr><tr><td>−5.56</td><td>2999</td><td>−11.90</td><td>234.8</td><td>246.6</td><td>0.08059</td><td>0.9393</td><td>−1.94</td><td>38.74</td></tr><tr><td>−4.44</td><td>3090</td><td>−9.977</td><td>234.3</td><td>243.8</td><td>0.08347</td><td>0.9340</td><td>−1.57</td><td>38.50</td></tr><tr><td>−3.89</td><td>3136</td><td>−8.410</td><td>234.1</td><td>242.4</td><td>0.08494</td><td>0.9313</td><td>−1.37</td><td>38.37</td></tr><tr><td>−2.78</td><td>3230</td><td>−6.046</td><td>233.6</td><td>239.7</td><td>0.08797</td><td>0.9260</td><td>−0.98</td><td>38.12</td></tr><tr><td>−1.67</td><td>3327</td><td>−3.648</td><td>232.9</td><td>236.6</td><td>0.09111</td><td>0.9206</td><td>−0.59</td><td>37.88</td></tr><tr><td>−0.56</td><td>3425</td><td>−1.222</td><td>232.4</td><td>233.6</td><td>0.09438</td><td>0.9150</td><td>−0.20</td><td>37.62</td></tr><tr><td>0.56</td><td>3526</td><td>1.234</td><td>231.7</td><td>230.5</td><td>0.09776</td><td>0.9094</td><td>0.20</td><td>37.36</td></tr><tr><td>1.67</td><td>3629</td><td>3.728</td><td>231.0</td><td>227.3</td><td>0.1013</td><td>0.9036</td><td>0.61</td><td>37.08</td></tr><tr><td>2.78</td><td>3735</td><td>6.268</td><td>230.4</td><td>224.0</td><td>0.1050</td><td>0.8975</td><td>1.01</td><td>36.83</td></tr><tr><td>3.89</td><td>3843</td><td>8.445</td><td>229.4</td><td>220.5</td><td>0.1088</td><td>0.8914</td><td>1.42</td><td>36.55</td></tr><tr><td>5.00</td><td>3953</td><td>11.46</td><td>228.5</td><td>217.0</td><td>0.1128</td><td>0.8850</td><td>1.83</td><td>36.25</td></tr><tr><td>6.11</td><td>4067</td><td>14.13</td><td>227.6</td><td>213.4</td><td>0.1169</td><td>0.8784</td><td>2.25</td><td>35.98</td></tr><tr><td>7.22</td><td>4182</td><td>16.85</td><td>226.5</td><td>209.7</td><td>0.1213</td><td>0.8716</td><td>2.69</td><td>35.68</td></tr><tr><td>8.33</td><td>4300</td><td>19.63</td><td>225.4</td><td>205.8</td><td>0.1258</td><td>0.8645</td><td>3.12</td><td>35.39</td></tr><tr><td>9.44</td><td>4420</td><td>22.46</td><td>224.3</td><td>201.8</td><td>0.1306</td><td>0.8571</td><td>3.56</td><td>35.07</td></tr><tr><td>10.56</td><td>4544</td><td>25.36</td><td>223.1</td><td>197.7</td><td>0.1355</td><td>0.8496</td><td>4.02</td><td>34.76</td></tr><tr><td>11.67</td><td>4670</td><td>28.33</td><td>221.8</td><td>193.4</td><td>0.1408</td><td>0.8418</td><td>4.48</td><td>34.45</td></tr><tr><td>12.78</td><td>4798</td><td>31.35</td><td>220.3</td><td>188.9</td><td>0.1463</td><td>0.8338</td><td>4.94</td><td>34.11</td></tr><tr><td>13.89</td><td>4929</td><td>34.49</td><td>218.8</td><td>184.3</td><td>0.1521</td><td>0.8254</td><td>5.42</td><td>33.76</td></tr><tr><td>15.00</td><td>5063</td><td>37.30</td><td>217.2</td><td>179.5</td><td>0.1583</td><td>0.8168</td><td>5.92</td><td>33.41</td></tr><tr><td>16.11</td><td>5200</td><td>41.03</td><td>215.1</td><td>174.4</td><td>0.1648</td><td>0.8076</td><td>6.42</td><td>33.02</td></tr><tr><td>17.22</td><td>5340</td><td>44.48</td><td>213.6</td><td>169.1</td><td>0.1717</td><td>0.7977</td><td>6.96</td><td>32.66</td></tr><tr><td>18.33</td><td>5482</td><td>48.03</td><td>211.5</td><td>163.5</td><td>0.1791</td><td>0.7871</td><td>7.49</td><td>32.25</td></tr><tr><td>19.44</td><td>5628</td><td>51.71</td><td>209.4</td><td>157.6</td><td>0.1869</td><td>0.7759</td><td>8.04</td><td>31.83</td></tr><tr><td>20.56</td><td>5776</td><td>55.61</td><td>207.0</td><td>151.4</td><td>0.1956</td><td>0.7639</td><td>8.63</td><td>31.38</td></tr><tr><td>21.67</td><td>5928</td><td>59.66</td><td>204.3</td><td>144.7</td><td>0.2054</td><td>0.7508</td><td>9.24</td><td>30.90</td></tr><tr><td>22.78</td><td>6083</td><td>63.97</td><td>201.5</td><td>137.5</td><td>0.2151</td><td>0.7367</td><td>9.89</td><td>30.39</td></tr><tr><td>23.89</td><td>6240</td><td>68.58</td><td>198.4</td><td>129.8</td><td>0.2263</td><td>0.7216</td><td>10.57</td><td>29.85</td></tr><tr><td>25.00</td><td>6401</td><td>73.51</td><td>194.8</td><td>121.3</td><td>0.2387</td><td>0.7058</td><td>11.31</td><td>29.24</td></tr><tr><td>26.11</td><td>6565</td><td>78.91</td><td>190.7</td><td>111.8</td><td>0.2532</td><td>0.6894</td><td>12.10</td><td>28.60</td></tr><tr><td>27.22</td><td>6733</td><td>84.94</td><td>186.0</td><td>101.1</td><td>0.2707</td><td>0.6720</td><td>12.99</td><td>27.84</td></tr><tr><td>28.33</td><td>6902</td><td>91.88</td><td>180.4</td><td>88.49</td><td>0.2923</td><td>0.6507</td><td>14.00</td><td>26.95</td></tr><tr><td>29.44</td><td>7081</td><td>100.4</td><td>173.1</td><td>72.72</td><td>0.3204</td><td>0.6209</td><td>15.24</td><td>25.85</td></tr><tr><td>30.00</td><td>7164</td><td>105.6</td><td>168.4</td><td>62.76</td><td>0.3378</td><td>0.5992</td><td>16.01</td><td>25.15</td></tr><tr><td>30.56</td><td>7253</td><td>112.3</td><td>162.3</td><td>50.04</td><td>0.3581</td><td>0.5661</td><td>16.99</td><td>24.24</td></tr><tr><td>31.1</td><td>7391</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.00</td><td>0.4641</td><td>0.4641</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Temp.°C</th><th><i>Pvap</i>Vaporpressure<a href="/facts/Pascal_(unit)/Am1To2Qm">kPa</a></th><th><i>Hliq</i>Heatcontentliquid<a href="/facts/Joule/9ndq9jD2">J</a>/g</th><th><i>Hvap</i>Heatcontentvapor<a href="/facts/Joule/9ndq9jD2">J</a>/g</th><th>Δvap<i>H</i>oHeat ofvapor-ization<a href="/facts/Joule/9ndq9jD2">J</a>/g</th><th><i>ρvap</i>Densityof vaporg/cm3</th><th><i>ρliq</i>Densityof liquidg/cm3</th><th><i>Sliq</i>Entropyliquid<a href="/facts/Joule/9ndq9jD2">J</a>/<a href="/facts/Mole_(unit)/kCMFwCc0">mol</a>-°C</th><th><i>Svap</i>Entropyvapor<a href="/facts/Joule/9ndq9jD2">J</a>/<a href="/facts/Mole_(unit)/kCMFwCc0">mol</a>-°C</th></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="spectral-data">Spectral data</h2> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><a href="/facts/UV%2fVIS_spectroscopy/MUPLLczo">UV-Vis</a></th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Lambda-max/MUPLLczo">λmax</a></td><td>? <a href="/facts/Nanometre/a98sjHyu">nm</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Molar_absorptivity/TwglQEAW">Extinction coefficient</a>, ε</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Infrared/44XdJNcc">IR</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></th></tr><tr><td>Major absorption bands<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></td><td>2347 and 667 cm−1<p>(4.26 and 14.99 um)</p></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance_spectroscopy/SFKgdthI">NMR</a></th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Proton_NMR/g9AGxvSP">Proton NMR</a></td><td>not applicable</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Carbon-13_NMR/0RlV1ajq">Carbon-13 NMR</a></td><td>125.0<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Mass_spectrometry/RH5WBHJ2">MS</a></th></tr><tr><td>Masses of main fragments</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <ul><li>Linstrom, Peter J.; Mallard, William G. (eds.); <i><a href="http://webbook.nist.gov">NIST Chemistry WebBook</a>, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69</i>, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg (MD)</li></ul> This box: <ul><li>view</li><li>edit</li></ul> <ul><li>Except where noted otherwise, data relate to <a href="/facts/Standard_temperature_and_pressure/JhJv9KFJ">Standard temperature and pressure</a>.</li> <li>Reliability of data general note.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Refractive index of gases". NPL. Archived from the original on 7 October 2010. Retrieved 7 April 2010. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101007092131/http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_5/2_5_7.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20101007092131/http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_5/2_5_7.html</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Darwent, B. deB. (1970). "Bond Dissociation Energies in Simple Molecules" Nat. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) 31, 52 pages. <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"CCCBDB listing of experimental data page 2". cccbdb.nist.gov. Retrieved 1 December 2018. <a href="https://cccbdb.nist.gov/exp2x.asp?casno=124389" target="_blank">https://cccbdb.nist.gov/exp2x.asp?casno=124389</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"CCCBDB listing of experimental data page 2". cccbdb.nist.gov. Retrieved 1 December 2018. <a href="https://cccbdb.nist.gov/exp2x.asp?casno=124389" target="_blank">https://cccbdb.nist.gov/exp2x.asp?casno=124389</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Anderson, Kelly E.; Mielke, Steven L.; Siepmann, J. Ilja; Truhlar, Donald G. (12 March 2009). "Bond Angle Distributions of Carbon Dioxide in the Gas, Supercritical, and Solid Phases". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 113 (10): 2053–2059. doi:10.1021/jp808711y. ISSN 1089-5639. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. pp. 1669–1674 <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Gas Encyclopaedia". Air Liquide. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2007. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161123090821/http://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/encyclopedia.asp?GasID=26" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20161123090821/http://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/encyclopedia.asp?GasID=26</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Pure Component Properties" (Queriable database). Chemical Engineering Research Information Center. 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