1982 in science

<h2 id="astronomy">Astronomy</h2>
<ul><li>January 17 – <a href="/facts/Allan_Hills_A81005/kgvPAuJr">Allan Hills A81005</a>, the first <a href="/facts/Lunar_meteorite/gpq02Hsf">lunar meteorite</a> found on Earth, is discovered in the <a href="/facts/Allan_Hills/nSNqzGul">Allan Hills</a> at the end of the <a href="/facts/Transantarctic_Mountains/kPy1a2wh">Transantarctic Mountains</a> by <a href="/facts/John_Schutt/D8gUEBXr">John Schutt</a> and Ian Whillans during the <a href="/facts/ANSMET/htAFvF7C">ANSMET</a> meteorite gathering expedition.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a></li>
<li>March 10 – <a href="/facts/Syzygy_(astronomy)/77KkThLa">Syzygy</a>: all 9 planets align on the same side of the <a href="/facts/Sun/CadPCVHh">Sun</a>.</li>
<li>October 14 – <a href="/facts/Halley%27s_Comet/DQongwTQ">Halley's Comet</a>: First spotted in the sky after 70 year return.</li></ul>
<h2 id="biology">Biology</h2>
<ul><li>September – First report of anti-human <a href="/facts/Monoclonal_antibody/4rUBWB87">monoclonal antibody</a> production.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></li></ul>
<h2 id="computer-science">Computer science</h2>
<ul><li>January 7 – The <a href="/facts/Commodore_64/3TPcKDbb">Commodore 64</a> <a href="/facts/8-bit/2CkhLNoH">8-bit</a> <a href="/facts/Home_computer/CDEPVd1T">home computer</a> is launched by <a href="/facts/Commodore_International/SlfXKbCN">Commodore International</a> (released in August); it becomes the all-time best-selling single personal computer model.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></li>
<li>January 30 – First <a href="/facts/Computer_virus/IyTC1usq">computer virus</a>, the <a href="/facts/Elk_Cloner/7xQu1RsI">Elk Cloner</a>, written by 15-year-old <a href="/facts/Rich_Skrenta/7rhqtdHH">Rich Skrenta</a>, is found in the wild.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> It infects <a href="/facts/Apple_II/se82CNvK">Apple II</a> computers via <a href="/facts/Floppy_disk/rShxfuxa">floppy disk</a>.</li>
<li>July 9 – Sci-fi movie <i><a href="/facts/Tron/FdSGv2jj">Tron</a></i> is the first feature film to use <a href="/facts/Computer_animation/rPW63nm0">computer animation</a> extensively.</li></ul>
<h2 id="earth-sciences">Earth sciences</h2>
<ul><li>December 13 – <a href="/facts/1982_North_Yemen_earthquake/SazerRmV">1982 North Yemen earthquake</a>, the first instrumentally recorded event to be detected on global seismograph networks.</li></ul>
<h2 id="history-of-science">History of science</h2>
<ul><li><i><a href="/facts/Night_Thoughts_of_a_Classical_Physicist/pouIJ8LL">Night Thoughts of a Classical Physicist</a></i> is published by <a href="/facts/Russell_McCormmach/VVBr6Yec">Russell McCormmach</a>. McCormmach uses the novel to present a historiographic point meant to reinforce <a href="/facts/Thomas_Kuhn/gIHlTbdr">Thomas Kuhn</a>'s conception of a non-linear scientific development.</li></ul>
<h2 id="mathematics">Mathematics</h2>
<ul><li>Michael Freedman proves the <a href="/facts/Poincar%C3%A9_conjecture/mxk2Pju3">Poincaré conjecture</a> in dimensions equal to 4.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Gerhard_Frey/MBQcRzPm">Gerhard Frey</a> draws attention to the property of the <a href="/facts/Elliptic_curve/60jvaHSA">elliptic curve</a> which becomes known as the <a href="/facts/Frey_curve/cUQD50a1">Frey curve</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL">Brazilian</a> <a href="/facts/Mathematician/eaFSR8Fx">mathematician</a> Celso Costa gives a mathematical description of <a href="/facts/Costa%27s_minimal_surface/IdKzqjEr">Costa's minimal surface</a>, the first embedded <a href="/facts/Minimal_surface/Fy7VkrLQ">minimal surface</a> discovered in more than a century.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Alexander_Merkurjev/DowcduN3">Alexander Merkurjev</a> and <a href="/facts/Andrei_Suslin/1ajUFgeH">Andrei Suslin</a> prove the <a href="/facts/Norm_residue_isomorphism_theorem/0myRUsDm">norm residue isomorphism theorem</a> in Milnor K2-theory for the case <i>n</i> = 2 and ℓ arbitrary, with applications to  the <a href="/facts/Brauer_group/dQQbnlsp">Brauer group</a>.</li></ul>
<h2 id="medicine">Medicine</h2>
<ul><li>July 20 – <a href="/facts/Allen_Hill_(scientist)/r1ykRzgf">Allen Hill</a> and colleagues at the <a href="/facts/University_of_Oxford/ExVVQL6V">University of Oxford</a> develop a glucose biosensor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></li>
<li>September 9 – <a href="/facts/George_Brownlee/Y605BB21">George Brownlee</a> and colleagues at the University of Oxford publish their results of cloning human clotting factor IX.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a></li>
<li>November – <a href="/facts/Helen_%26_Douglas_House/kva6eFkm">Helen House</a>, the world’s first <a href="/facts/Children%27s_hospice/PSdSXrEy">children’s hospice</a>, is set up by <a href="/facts/Frances_Ritchie/PhryBB7Y">Sister Frances Dominica</a> in <a href="/facts/Oxford/kHvWDTXW">Oxford</a>, England.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></li>
<li>December 2 – At the <a href="/facts/University_of_Utah/0lhlnv7c">University of Utah</a>, 61-year-old retired dentist <a href="/facts/Barney_Clark_(patient)/BeLtuRoE">Barney Clark</a> becomes the first person to receive a permanent <a href="/facts/Artificial_heart/BeLtuRoE">artificial heart</a>; he lives for 112 days with the device.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Janet_Balaskas/DU3qHQFB">Janet Balaskas</a> establishes and names the active birth movement.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Working_Formulation/rkKN8773">Working Formulation</a> adopted as a standard classification for <a href="/facts/Non-Hodgkin_lymphoma/KIFxt74F">non-Hodgkin lymphomas</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Atomic_Energy_of_Canada/Dv09lsfo">Atomic Energy of Canada</a> creates <a href="/facts/Therac-25/9QNxTmtC">Therac-25</a>, a radiation treatment for cancer patients to remove tumors; however the treatment causes 6 deaths between 1985-87 after people are seriously burned by the number of rads: the correct dose of rads is 200-1,000 rads but Therac-25 has 15,000-20,000 rads which is fatal. It is no longer used after 1987.</li></ul>
<h2 id="physics">Physics</h2>
<ul><li>The <a href="/facts/Sakuma%E2%80%93Hattori_equation/WUJMfeyq">Sakuma–Hattori equation</a> is first proposed by Fumihiro Sakuma, Akira Ono and Susumu Hattori.</li></ul>
<h2 id="psychology">Psychology</h2>
<ul><li><i>The Foundations of Ethology</i> is published by <a href="/facts/Konrad_Lorenz/gS57IPhS">Konrad Lorenz</a>.</li></ul>
<h2 id="awards">Awards</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Fields_Medal/khFmkEnm">Fields Prize in Mathematics</a>: <a href="/facts/Alain_Connes/tjFJ9Iou">Alain Connes</a>, <a href="/facts/William_Thurston/K1Qe8801">William Thurston</a> and <a href="/facts/Shing-Tung_Yau/qIQclz7g">Shing-Tung Yau</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize/3z1Y3oFL">Nobel Prizes</a>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics/o6w1nCbr">Physics</a> – <a href="/facts/Kenneth_G._Wilson/BSSajpeo">Kenneth G. Wilson</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry/8Nb8Ajjy">Chemistry</a> – <a href="/facts/Aaron_Klug/5A2dp3qy">Aaron Klug</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine/rlnpJX84">Medicine</a> – <a href="/facts/Sune_K._Bergstr%C3%B6m/sJCXYFdf">Sune K. Bergström</a>, <a href="/facts/Bengt_I._Samuelsson/s1zRDXCA">Bengt I. Samuelsson</a>, <a href="/facts/John_R._Vane/9Jc9pSK6">John R. Vane</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Turing_Award/HbEEp0GF">Turing Award</a> – <a href="/facts/Stephen_Cook/GdE35Sm1">Stephen Cook</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="births">Births</h2>

<h2 id="deaths">Deaths</h2>
<ul><li>February 20 – <a href="/facts/Derek_Jackson/YKQmSFfh">Derek Jackson</a> (b. <a href="/facts/1906_in_science/9aKmEL28">1906</a>), British-born <a href="/facts/Spectroscopist/mj71FuNK">spectroscopist</a> and steeplechase rider.</li>
<li>March 25 – <a href="/facts/Rufus_P._Turner/tGvs8cj2">Rufus P. Turner</a> (b. <a href="/facts/1907_in_science/6kN1ef3W">1907</a>), <a href="/facts/African_American/pTgcAdo8">African American</a> <a href="/facts/Electronic_engineer/WCSVulpu">electronic engineer</a>.</li>
<li>April 9 – <a href="/facts/Robert_Havemann/aWH2b286">Robert Havemann</a> (b. <a href="/facts/1910_in_science/Auegqwd7">1910</a>), <a href="/facts/Germans/F7mBCrJ4">German</a> <a href="/facts/Chemist/N09K7Bdm">chemist</a>.</li>
<li>May 3 – <a href="/facts/Henri_Tajfel/TMX5cfx0">Henri Tajfel</a> (b. <a href="/facts/1919_in_science/1IXTj2Qm">1919</a>), <a href="/facts/Polish_people/SgzNqHKq">Polish</a>-born <a href="/facts/British_people/xn7cqlzV">British</a> <a href="/facts/Social_psychologist/VfEKM8U0">social psychologist</a>.</li>
<li>May 22 – <a href="/facts/Jay_Laurence_Lush/YFJfStXn">Jay Laurence Lush</a> (b. <a href="/facts/1896_in_science/Hn7lN2H3">1896</a>), <a href="/facts/Americans/srd9GJ5U">American</a> livestock <a href="/facts/Geneticist/cCvzvuKU">geneticist</a>.</li>
<li>June 12 – <a href="/facts/Karl_von_Frisch/kSwtGGqw">Karl von Frisch</a> (b. <a href="/facts/1886_in_science/7LC7G3JF">1886</a>), <a href="/facts/Austria/4qWIMIyc">Austrian</a>-born <a href="/facts/Ethology/dM3CpysA">ethologist</a> and winner of the <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine/rlnpJX84">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a>.</li>
<li>July 29 – <a href="/facts/Vladimir_K._Zworykin/K617CjfI">Vladimir K. Zworykin</a> (b. <a href="/facts/1889_in_science/9NJ8uH5g">1889</a>), <a href="/facts/Russian_American/PHUDYhRP">Russian American</a> pioneer of television technology.</li>
<li>August 5 – <a href="/facts/John_Charnley/lUf8M45p">John Charnley</a> (b. <a href="/facts/1911_in_science/gnx7WAwC">1911</a>), <a href="/facts/English_people/IeI9c7BK">English</a> <a href="/facts/Orthopaedic_surgeon/ahXDk3gD">orthopaedic surgeon</a>.</li>
<li>December 27 – <a href="/facts/Jack_Swigert/Q5J1joEU">Jack Swigert</a> (b. <a href="/facts/1931_in_science/oL52v7VX">1931</a>), American <a href="/facts/Astronaut/HB1bd6Lz">astronaut</a>.</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>"Allan Hills A81005". Meteoritical Society. Retrieved 2013-01-11. <a href="http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?code=1965" target="_blank">http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?code=1965</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>Marvin, Ursula B. (1983-01-01). "The discovery and initial characterization of Allan Hills 81005: The first lunar meteorite". Geophysical Research Letters. 10 (9): 775–778. Bibcode:1983GeoRL..10..775M. doi:10.1029/GL010i009p00775. <a href="/wiki/Geophysical_Research_Letters" target="_blank">/wiki/Geophysical_Research_Letters</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>Righter, Kevin; Gruener, John. "Allan Hills A81005" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 2013-01-11. <a href="https://curator.jsc.nasa.gov/antmet/lmc/F2%20ALHA81005.pdf" target="_blank">https://curator.jsc.nasa.gov/antmet/lmc/F2%20ALHA81005.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>Righter, Kevin; Gruener, John. "The Lunar Meteorite Compendium". NASA. Retrieved 2013-01-11. <a href="https://curator.jsc.nasa.gov/antmet/lmc/" target="_blank">https://curator.jsc.nasa.gov/antmet/lmc/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:5"><p>Greener, Mark (2005). "MAbs Turn 30". The Scientist. 19 (3): 14–16. <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:6"><p>Tseng, S.C.; Jarvinen, M.J.; Nelson, W.G.; Huang, J.W.; Woodcock-Mitchell, J.; Sun, T.T. (1982). "Correlation of specific keratins with different types of epithelial differentiation: monoclonal antibody studies". Cell. 30 (2): 361–372. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(82)90234-3. PMID 6183000. S2CID 18786728. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:7"><p>Woodcock-Mitchell, J.; Eichner, R.; Nelson, W.G.; Sun, T.T. (1982). "Immunolocalization of keratin polypeptides in human epidermis using monoclonal antibodies". Journal of Cell Biology. 95 (2): 256–269. doi:10.1083/jcb.95.2.580. PMC 2112943. PMID 6183275. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2112943" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2112943</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:8"><p>"How many Commodore 64 computers were sold?". pagetable. Archived from the original on 2016-03-06. Retrieved 2013-03-25. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306232450/http://www.pagetable.com/?p=547" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160306232450/http://www.pagetable.com/?p=547</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:9"><p>"Elk Cloner". SearchSecurity. June 2004. Retrieved 2012-01-28. <a href="http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid14_gci989616,00.html" target="_blank">http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid14_gci989616,00.html</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:10"><p>Crilly, Tony (2007). 50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know. London: Quercus. p. 93. ISBN 978-1-84724-008-8. <a href="978-1-84724-008-8" target="_blank">978-1-84724-008-8</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:11"><p>Frey, Gerhard (1982). "Rationale Punkte auf Fermatkurven und getwisteten Modulkurven". Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik. 331: 185–191. <a href="/wiki/Journal_f%C3%BCr_die_reine_und_angewandte_Mathematik" target="_blank">/wiki/Journal_f%C3%BCr_die_reine_und_angewandte_Mathematik</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:12"><p>Costa, Celso (1982). Imersões mínimas completas em 
  
    
      
        
          
            R
          
          
            3
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{3}}
  
 de gênero um e curvatura total finita. Ph.D. Thesis, IMPA, Rio de Janeiro. <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:13"><p>Cass, A. E. G.; et al. (1985). "Ferrocene-mediated enzyme electrode for amperometric determination of glucose". Analytical Chemistry. 56 (4): 667–71. doi:10.1021/ac00268a018. PMID 6721151. <a href="/wiki/Analytical_Chemistry_(journal)" target="_blank">/wiki/Analytical_Chemistry_(journal)</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:14"><p>"RSC honours Oxford University team behind diabetic breakthrough". Royal Society of Chemistry. 2012-07-16. Retrieved 2014-10-10. <a href="http://www.rsc.org/AboutUs/News/PressReleases/2012/oxford-university-glucose-sensor-chemical-landmark.asp" target="_blank">http://www.rsc.org/AboutUs/News/PressReleases/2012/oxford-university-glucose-sensor-chemical-landmark.asp</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:15"><p>Choo, K. H.; Gould, K. G.; Rees, D. J. G.; Brownlee, G. G. (1982). "Molecular cloning of the gene for human anti-haemophilic factor IX". Nature. 299 (5879): 178–180. Bibcode:1982Natur.299..178C. doi:10.1038/299178a0. PMID 6287289. S2CID 1298041. <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" target="_blank">/wiki/Nature_(journal)</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:16"><p>Midgley, Emma (2009-09-09). "The story of Helen House". BBC Berkshire. Retrieved 2013-09-07. <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/berkshire/content/articles/2009/01/09/helen_house_feature.shtml" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.co.uk/berkshire/content/articles/2009/01/09/helen_house_feature.shtml</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:17"><p>Balaskas, Janet (1983). Active Birth. London: Unwin. ISBN 0-04-612033-5. <a href="0-04-612033-5" target="_blank">0-04-612033-5</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

1982 in science open-in-new

1982 in science