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Blastoderm
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<h2 id="formation">Formation</h2> <p>The blastoderm is formed when the oocyte plasma membrane begins cleaving by invagination, creating multiple cells that arrange themselves into an outer sleeve to the blastocoel.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="in-oviparousanimals">In <a href="/facts/Oviparous/oSgSIVHY">oviparous</a> animals</h2> <p>In chicken eggs, the blastoderm represents a flat disc after embryonic fertilization.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> At the edge of the blastoderm is the site of active migration by most cells.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/DNA_repair/hsURuYYq">DNA repair</a> genes are highly expressed in chicken blastoderms.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Blastodisc/QkE7W7Y5">Blastodisc</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Embryology/4mvpSkhC">Embryology</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Cleavage_(embryo)/v0osHpJC">Cleavage</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Gastrulation/kN8X10mK">Gastrulation</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Campbell Reece, Biology 7th edition, Pearson Publishing, 2005</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Gilbert, Scott F. (2000). Early Drosophila Development (6 ed.). Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates. Retrieved 20 April 2018. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10081/" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10081/</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"blastoderm". The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 20 April 2018. <a href="https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/blastoderm" target="_blank">https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/blastoderm</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Gilbert, Scott F. (2000). Early Drosophila Development (6 ed.). Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates. Retrieved 20 April 2018. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10081/" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10081/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Tutorial on chick early development". www.ucl.ac.uk. University College London. <a href="https://www.ucl.ac.uk/biosciences/departments/cdb/people/claudio-stern/stern_lab/tutorial" target="_blank">https://www.ucl.ac.uk/biosciences/departments/cdb/people/claudio-stern/stern_lab/tutorial</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Bellairs, Ruth; Osmond, Mark. Atlas of Chick Development (3 ed.). Atlas Press. p. 15–28. <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Rengaraj D, Won S, Jung KM, Woo SJ, Lee H, Kim YM, Kim H, Han JY. Chicken blastoderms and primordial germ cells possess a higher expression of DNA repair genes and lower expression of apoptosis genes to preserve their genome stability. Sci Rep. 2022 Jan 7;12(1):49. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-04417-y. PMID 34997179; PMCID: PMC8741993 <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>