A blastoderm (germinal disc, blastodisc) is a single layer of embryonic epithelial tissue that makes up the blastula. It encloses the fluid-filled blastocoel. Gastrulation follows blastoderm formation, where the tips of the blastoderm begins the formation of the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
Formation
The blastoderm is formed when the oocyte plasma membrane begins cleaving by invagination, creating multiple cells that arrange themselves into an outer sleeve to the blastocoel.3
In oviparous animals
In chicken eggs, the blastoderm represents a flat disc after embryonic fertilization.4 At the edge of the blastoderm is the site of active migration by most cells.5
DNA repair genes are highly expressed in chicken blastoderms.6
See also
- Campbell Reece, Biology 7th edition, Pearson Publishing, 2005
References
Gilbert, Scott F. (2000). Early Drosophila Development (6 ed.). Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates. Retrieved 20 April 2018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10081/ ↩
"blastoderm". The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 20 April 2018. https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/blastoderm ↩
Gilbert, Scott F. (2000). Early Drosophila Development (6 ed.). Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates. Retrieved 20 April 2018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10081/ ↩
"Tutorial on chick early development". www.ucl.ac.uk. University College London. https://www.ucl.ac.uk/biosciences/departments/cdb/people/claudio-stern/stern_lab/tutorial ↩
Bellairs, Ruth; Osmond, Mark. Atlas of Chick Development (3 ed.). Atlas Press. p. 15–28. ↩
Rengaraj D, Won S, Jung KM, Woo SJ, Lee H, Kim YM, Kim H, Han JY. Chicken blastoderms and primordial germ cells possess a higher expression of DNA repair genes and lower expression of apoptosis genes to preserve their genome stability. Sci Rep. 2022 Jan 7;12(1):49. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-04417-y. PMID 34997179; PMCID: PMC8741993 ↩