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Arsenicum album
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<h2 id="use-in-homeopathy">Use in homeopathy</h2> <p>Arsenicum album is one of the fifteen most important recommendations in homeopathy. In classical homeopathy, people are sometimes assigned a constitutional type, named after the homeopathic remedy applied, partly on the idea that people with similar physical or mental characteristics who suffer from similar symptoms can be treated effectively with their constitutional remedy.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> "<i>Arsen. alb.</i>" types are "tense, restless ambitious individuals" with a tendency toward <a href="/facts/Hypochondriasis/5Pv5Jb1y">hypochondriasis</a>, pessimism, need for reassurance, and a meticulous attention to neatness and detail.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p><p>For homeopathic use, arsenicum album is prepared by separating arsenic from <a href="/facts/Iron/QK1JYy8E">iron</a> (as in <a href="/facts/Arsenopyrite/xnb3E9yK">arsenopyrite</a>), <a href="/facts/Cobalt/gqhScEw4">cobalt</a>, or <a href="/facts/Nickel/KwMCHYRP">nickel</a> by baking at high temperatures. The powder is then ground and diluted with <a href="/facts/Lactose/lBa5ozYk">lactose</a>. In the final dilution, statistically most doses will contain zero molecules of the original arsenic used; some might contain a single molecule. The final product is sold as <a href="/facts/Tincture/9FnzYB8U">tinctures</a> (liquid), tablets, pellets, or powder. </p><p>Key homeopathic uses include attempting to treat anxiety and "fear caused by insecurity", digestive disorders and mucosal inflammation, and ailments characterized symptomatically by burning pain. It was also used once for treatment of <a href="/facts/Syphilis/fdnGLyLT">syphilis</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> Without treatment, syphilis can severely damage its patient's heart, brain or other organs, and can be life-threatening. Syphilis can also be passed from mothers to unborn children.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="research-studies">Research studies</h2> <p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/Evidence-based_medicine/InK1lB9l">Evidence-based medicine</a> and <a href="/facts/Homeopathy/WVPa8Qwz">Homeopathy § Medical and scientific analysis</a></p> <p>Several studies have been done into Arsenicum album. <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> In addition, the ideas behind homeopathy are scientifically different to principles of modern medicine.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Lockie, Andrew & Geddes, Nicola (1995). Homeopathy: The Principles and Practice of Treatment. Dorling Kindersley Publishing. pp. 52–53. ISBN 978-0-7894-0148-9. <a href="978-0-7894-0148-9" target="_blank">978-0-7894-0148-9</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Chakraborti, D; Mukherjee, SC; Saha, KC; Chowdhury, UK; et al. (2003). "Arsenic Toxicity from Homeopathic Treatment". Clinical Toxicology. 41 (7): 963–967. doi:10.1081/CLT-120026518. PMID 14705842. S2CID 25453468. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Ernst E (2005). "Is homeopathy a clinically valuable approach?". Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 26 (11): 547–8. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.385.5505. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2005.09.003. PMID 16165225. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Khuda-Bukhsh, Anisur Rahman; Pathak, Surajit; Guha, Bibhas; Karmakar, Susanta Roy; Das, Jayanta Kumar; Banerjee, Pathikrit; Biswas, Surjyo Jyoti; Mukherjee, Partha; et al. (2005). "Can Homeopathic Arsenic Remedy Combat Arsenic Poisoning in Humans Exposed to Groundwater Arsenic Contamination?: A Preliminary Report on First Human Trial". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2 (4): 537–48. doi:10.1093/ecam/neh124. PMC 1297497. PMID 16322812. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1297497" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1297497</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Mallick, P; Chakrabarti Mallick, J; Guha, B; Khuda-Bukhsh, AR (2003). "Ameliorating effect of microdoses of a potentized homeopathic drug, Arsenicum Album, on arsenic-induced toxicity in mice". BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 3: 7. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-3-7. PMC 521186. PMID 14570596. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC521186" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC521186</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"The evidence of bias weakens the findings of our original meta-analysis. Since we completed our literature search in 1995, a considerable number of new homeopathy trials have been published. The fact that a number of the new high-quality trials (e.g. [14,15]) have negative results, and a recent update of our review for the most “original” subtype of homeopathy (classical or individualized homeopathy), seem to confirm the finding that more rigorous trials have less-promising results. It seems, therefore, likely that our meta-analysis at least overestimated the effects of homeopathic treatments." Linde Klaus (1999). "Impact of Study Quality on Outcome in Placebo-Controlled Trials of Homeopathy". Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 52 (7): 631–636. doi:10.1016/S0895-4356(99)00048-7. PMID 10391656.. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Ernst E (2002). "A systematic review of systematic reviews of homeopathy". Br J Clin Pharmacol. 54 (6): 577–82. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.2002.01699.x. PMC 1874503. PMID 12492603. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1874503" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1874503</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Report 12 of the Council on Scientific Affairs (A–97), American Medical Association, archived from the original on 2009-06-14, retrieved 2007-07-25Linde K, Jonas WB, Melchart D, Willich S (2001). "The methodological quality of randomized controlled trials of homeopathy, herbal medicines and acupuncture". International Journal of Epidemiology. 30 (3): 526–531. doi:10.1093/ije/30.3.526. PMID 11416076.Altunç U, Pittler MH, Ernst E (2007). "Homeopathy for childhood and adolescence ailments: systematic review of randomized clinical trials". Mayo Clin. Proc. 82 (1): 69–75. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.456.5352. doi:10.4065/82.1.69. PMID 17285788. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090614085504/http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/no-index/about-ama/13638.shtml" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090614085504/http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/no-index/about-ama/13638.shtml</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Lockie, Andrew & Geddes, Nicola (1995). "The development of Homeopathy, The influence of Hering and Kent". Homeopathy: The Principles and Practice of Treatment. Dorling Kindersley Publishing. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-7894-0148-9. <a href="978-0-7894-0148-9" target="_blank">978-0-7894-0148-9</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Lockie, Andrew & Geddes, Nicola (1995). Homeopathy: The Principles and Practice of Treatment. Dorling Kindersley Publishing. pp. 52–53. ISBN 978-0-7894-0148-9. <a href="978-0-7894-0148-9" target="_blank">978-0-7894-0148-9</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Lockie, Andrew & Geddes, Nicola (1995). Homeopathy: The Principles and Practice of Treatment. Dorling Kindersley Publishing. pp. 52–53. ISBN 978-0-7894-0148-9. <a href="978-0-7894-0148-9" target="_blank">978-0-7894-0148-9</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"Syphilis - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic. Archived from the original on 2008-03-09. Retrieved 2021-09-22. <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/syphilis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351756" target="_blank">https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/syphilis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351756</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"The evidence of bias weakens the findings of our original meta-analysis. Since we completed our literature search in 1995, a considerable number of new homeopathy trials have been published. The fact that a number of the new high-quality trials (e.g. [14,15]) have negative results, and a recent update of our review for the most “original” subtype of homeopathy (classical or individualized homeopathy), seem to confirm the finding that more rigorous trials have less-promising results. It seems, therefore, likely that our meta-analysis at least overestimated the effects of homeopathic treatments." Linde Klaus (1999). "Impact of Study Quality on Outcome in Placebo-Controlled Trials of Homeopathy". Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 52 (7): 631–636. doi:10.1016/S0895-4356(99)00048-7. PMID 10391656.. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Ernst E (2002). "A systematic review of systematic reviews of homeopathy". Br J Clin Pharmacol. 54 (6): 577–82. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.2002.01699.x. PMC 1874503. PMID 12492603. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1874503" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1874503</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Report 12 of the Council on Scientific Affairs (A–97), American Medical Association, archived from the original on 2004-12-11, retrieved 2007-07-25Linde K, Jonas WB, Melchart D, Willich S (2001). "The methodological quality of randomized controlled trials of homeopathy, herbal medicines and acupuncture". International Journal of Epidemiology. 30 (3): 526–531. doi:10.1093/ije/30.3.526. PMID 11416076.Altunç U, Pittler MH, Ernst E (2007). "Homeopathy for childhood and adolescence ailments: systematic review of randomized clinical trials". Mayo Clin. Proc. 82 (1): 69–75. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.456.5352. doi:10.4065/82.1.69. PMID 17285788. <a href="http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/13638.html" target="_blank">http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/13638.html</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Ernst E (2005). "Is homeopathy a clinically valuable approach?". Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 26 (11): 547–8. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.385.5505. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2005.09.003. PMID 16165225. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Johnson T, Boon H; Boon, Heather (1 January 2007). "Where Does Homeopathy Fit in Pharmacy Practice?". American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 71 (1): 7. doi:10.5688/aj710107. PMC 1847554. PMID 17429507. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1847554" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1847554</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Shang A, Huwiler-Müntener K, Nartey L, et al. (2005). "Are the clinical effects of homoeopathy placebo effects? Comparative study of placebo-controlled trials of homoeopathy and allopathy". Lancet. 366 (9487): 726–732. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67177-2. PMID 16125589. S2CID 17939264. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>