Doom metal

<h2 id="characteristics">Characteristics</h2>
<h3>Instrumentation</h3>
The <a href="/facts/Electric_guitar/yNL6qSw4">electric guitar</a>, <a href="/facts/Bass_guitar/lbeoAatH">bass guitar</a>, and <a href="/facts/Drum_kit/XsmopoW9">drum kit</a> are the most common instruments used to play doom metal (although <a href="/facts/Keyboard_instrument/zVUA9QNG">keyboards</a> are sometimes used), but its structures are rooted in the same scales as in <a href="/facts/Blues/f2WSr9QQ">blues</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a> Guitarists and bassists often down tune their instruments to very low notes and make use of large amounts of <a href="/facts/Distortion_(music)/gdQ51JHv">distortion</a>, thus producing a very "thick" or "heavy" guitar tone, which is one of the defining characteristics of the genre.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a> Along with the usual heavy metal compositional technique of guitars and bass playing the same riff in unison, this creates a loud and <a href="/facts/Bass_(sound)/3NpVU9Rc">bass</a>-heavy wall of sound. Another defining characteristic is the consistent focus on slow <a href="/facts/Tempo/P5PfkpTb">tempos</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a> and <a href="/facts/Minor_scale/MedkQtlE">minor tonality</a> with much use of <a href="/facts/Consonance_and_dissonance/RfQJwFFF">dissonance</a> (especially in the form of the <a href="/facts/Tritone/fH2JqArb">tritone</a>), employing the usage of repetitive rhythms with little regard to harmonic progression and musical structure.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a>

<h3>Vocals</h3>
Traditional doom metal vocalists favor clean vocals, which are often performed with a sense of despair, desperation, or pain; imitating the high-tone wails of <a href="/facts/Ozzy_Osbourne/n3C09vAL">Ozzy Osbourne</a> (<a href="/facts/Black_Sabbath/JP6lFHz8">Black Sabbath</a>),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a> Frank Ferrara (<a href="/facts/Bang_(American_band)/NC5kqmyg">Bang</a>), <a href="/facts/Bobby_Liebling/uJAqMDP3">Bobby Liebling</a> (<a href="/facts/Pentagram_(band)/uJAqMDP3">Pentagram</a>),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a> and Zeeb Parkes (<a href="/facts/Witchfinder_General_(band)/ESajoIWA">Witchfinder General</a>). So-called "epic doom" vocalists often take it a step further, singing in an <a href="/facts/Opera/eLeXDdsP">operatic</a> style. Doom metal bands influenced by other extreme metal genres often use growled or screamed vocals, as is the case of <a href="/facts/Death-doom/oaJHqu1T">death-doom</a>, black-doom, and <a href="/facts/Funeral_doom/zojFcCkp">funeral doom</a>.

<h3>Lyrical themes</h3>
Lyrics in doom metal play a key role. Influenced by notable <a href="/facts/Blues/f2WSr9QQ">blues</a> musicians like <a href="/facts/Robert_Johnson/C3jpPnQ0">Robert Johnson</a> and <a href="/facts/Son_House/jq1IGQYa">Son House</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a> normally they are gloomy and pessimistic,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a> including themes such as <a href="/facts/Suffering/gDdgz4lj">suffering</a>, <a href="/facts/Depression_(mood)/GDNFWm1L">depression</a>, <a href="/facts/Fear/BSzreRdS">fear</a>, <a href="/facts/Grief/9Y3McC1V">grief</a>, dread, death, and anger. While some bands write lyrics in introspective and personal ways, others convey their themes using symbolism – which may be inspired by <a href="/facts/Occult/G59eqens">occult</a> <a href="/facts/Arts/kabJ6XX6">arts</a> and <a href="/facts/Literature/CmUDxokU">literature</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a>
Some doom metal bands use religious themes in their music. <a href="/facts/Trouble_(band)/JKxt03D8">Trouble</a>, one of the genre's pioneers, were among the first to incorporate Christian imagery. Others have incorporated <a href="/facts/Occult/G59eqens">occult</a> and <a href="/facts/Paganism/JaWTHBtJ">pagan</a> imagery.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> For many bands, the use of religious themes is for aesthetic and symbolic purposes only. Examples include lyrics/imagery about the <a href="/facts/Last_Judgment/x5dW2R4x">Last Judgment</a> to invoke dread, or the use of <a href="/facts/Crucifix/CI27Weka">crucifixes</a> and cross-shaped headstones to symbolize death.
Furthermore, some doom metal bands write lyrics about drugs or drug addiction. This is most common among stoner doom bands, who often describe <a href="/facts/Psychedelics%2c_dissociatives_and_deliriants/gn35weCu">hallucinogenic or psychedelic</a> experiences.

<h2 id="history">History</h2>

<h3>Origins (late 1960s–1970s)</h3>
The first traces of doom in rock music could be heard as far back as <a href="/facts/The_Beatles/2syHWLcM">the Beatles</a>' 1969 track "<a href="/facts/I_Want_You_(She%2527s_So_Heavy)/dU6HRFRR">I Want You (She's So Heavy)</a>".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a> <a href="/facts/Black_Sabbath/JP6lFHz8">Black Sabbath</a> are generally regarded as the progenitors of doom metal.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a> Black Sabbath's music is (in and of) itself stylistically rooted in <a href="/facts/Blues/f2WSr9QQ">blues</a>, but with the deliberately doomy and loud guitar playing of <a href="/facts/Tony_Iommi/QFnSCpK8">Tony Iommi</a>, and the then-uncommon dark and pessimistic lyrics and atmosphere, they set the standards of early heavy metal and inspired various doom metal bands.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a> In the early 1970s, both Black Sabbath and <a href="/facts/Pentagram_(band)/uJAqMDP3">Pentagram</a> (also as side band "Bedemon") composed and performed this heavy and dark music, which would in the 1980s begin to be known and referred to as doom metal by subsequent musicians, critics and fans.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a> Joe Hasselvander, Pentagram's drummer also cited bands like <a href="/facts/Black_Widow_(band)/kX8CuBT8">Black Widow</a>, <a href="/facts/Toe_Fat/BSwRznC9">Toe Fat</a><a href="/facts/Iron_Claw_(band)/aSw4hqSb">, Iron Claw</a>, <a href="/facts/Night_Sun/5YpceNso">Night Sun</a>, and Zior as pioneers of the doom metal sound.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a>
Aside from Pentagram and Black Sabbath, other groups from the 1970s would heavily influence the genre's development. <a href="/facts/Blue_Cheer/V5fSFoU4">Blue Cheer</a> is often hailed as one of the first <a href="/facts/Stoner_metal/m3RDLgdk">stoner metal</a> bands. Through the use of loud amplifiers and guitar <a href="/facts/Feedback_(music)/NaMWquWb">feedback</a>, their debut <a href="/facts/Vincebus_Eruptum/hkNA7cI4">Vincebus Eruptum</a> created a template for other artists to follow.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a> <a href="/facts/Uriah_Heep_(band)/LlFs0bqQ">Uriah Heep</a> released "Demons and Wizards" album include "Easy Living" in 1972.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a> Though lacking the pessimistic lyrical content of their contemporaries, Welsh heavy metal band <a href="/facts/Budgie_(band)/cxaldt8w">Budgie</a> would also produce heavy songs which were amongst the loudest of their day, stylistically influencing various doom metal acts.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a> <a href="/facts/Led_Zeppelin/fwP2oGAU">Led Zeppelin</a>'s <a href="/facts/No_Quarter_(song)/TVv1ER2m">No Quarter</a> is considered as one of the earliest examples of a doom metal song made by a rock band.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a> Early doom metal was also influenced by Japanese <a href="/facts/Psychedelic_rock/gI1vhFHj">psychedelic rock</a> albums, such as Kuni Kawachi & Friends' <a href="/facts/Kirikyogen/CbGK6tP5">Kirikyogen</a> and <a href="/facts/Flower_Travellin%2527_Band/A79we2Jg">Flower Travellin' Band</a>'s <a href="/facts/Satori_(Flower_Travellin%2527_Band_album)/zzuxusp9">Satori</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a> <a href="/facts/Bang_(American_band)/NC5kqmyg">Bang</a>'s 1971 self-titled debut is considered an important forerunner to doom metal.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a> Other notable groups include <a href="/facts/Sir_Lord_Baltimore/kKgdFgKB">Sir Lord Baltimore</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a> <a href="/facts/Buffalo_(band)/FNL7lUbx">Buffalo</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a> <a href="/facts/Necromandus/t8DFkfBM">Necromandus</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a> <a href="/facts/Lucifer%2527s_Friend/TTGYEbPU">Lucifer's Friend</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a> and <a href="/facts/Leaf_Hound/oetcka3b">Leaf Hound</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a>

<h3>Development (1980s)</h3>
During the early-mid-1980s, bands from England and the United States<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a> contributed much to the formation of doom metal as a distinct genre. In 1982, English pioneers <a href="/facts/Witchfinder_General_(band)/ESajoIWA">Witchfinder General</a> released their debut album <a href="/facts/Death_Penalty_(album)/MFMhnBeh">Death Penalty</a>. During 1984, two American pioneers also released their debuts—<a href="/facts/Saint_Vitus_(band)/5qgol1m5">Saint Vitus</a> released their <a href="/facts/Saint_Vitus_(album)/mnQIe6cY">eponymous album</a> and <a href="/facts/Trouble_(band)/JKxt03D8">Trouble</a> released <a href="/facts/Psalm_9_(album)/wEyWl5Yu">Psalm 9</a>. That same year, American band <a href="/facts/Cirith_Ungol_(band)/r0p8GB5b">Cirith Ungol</a> (formed in 1971) released their second studio album, <a href="/facts/King_of_the_Dead_(album)/HzNI8kuT">King of the Dead</a>—regarded by many as an early influence on doom.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a> The following year, American band <a href="/facts/Pentagram_(band)/uJAqMDP3">Pentagram</a> would go on to release their debut, <a href="/facts/Relentless_(Pentagram_album)/xBusslgz">Relentless</a>. The Swedish <a href="/facts/Candlemass_(band)/UEUmkJYQ">Candlemass</a> would also prove influential with their first record <a href="/facts/Epicus_Doomicus_Metallicus/9zRBWAbm">Epicus Doomicus Metallicus</a> in 1986, from which epic doom metal takes its name.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a>
Some doom metal bands were also influenced by the underground <a href="/facts/Gothic_rock/djfBWS80">gothic rock</a> and <a href="/facts/Post-punk/y9REP8za">post-punk</a> scene of the 1980s, showing similarities with the dark themes addressed through lyrics and the atmosphere both music styles deal with. A doom metal band like <a href="/facts/Mindrot_(band)/hsvtSA5A">Mindrot</a> was often described as a cross-over between <a href="/facts/Death_metal/LQnBoMRh">death metal</a> and gothic rock.

<h2 id="regional-scenes">Regional scenes</h2>
Like other <a href="/facts/Extreme_metal/U8ovGHSn">extreme metal</a> genres, doom metal also has regionally based scenes, with their own particular characteristics:

<h3>Finnish doom metal</h3>
In one of the greatest doom metal outputs, Finnish groups focus more on the depressive mood of the genre, evoking an intense grieving feeling.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a> The bands play with very slow tempos and melodic tones, creating an atmosphere of darkness and melancholia.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a> This scene was kick-started by the band <a href="/facts/Spiritus_Mortis/qbLMgNEa">Rigor Mortis</a> (which, due to an older US band with the same name, changed their name to Spiritus Mortis), which originated in 1987.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a> Notable bands include <a href="/facts/Reverend_Bizarre/pywNPR43">Reverend Bizarre</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a> <a href="/facts/Minotauri/5wzVDMYb">Minotauri</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a> <a href="/facts/Dolorian/66XhqMBB">Dolorian</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a> <a href="/facts/Shape_of_Despair/r8Py1ml3">Shape of Despair</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a> <a href="/facts/Thergothon/Kka75GjP">Thergothon</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a> <a href="/facts/Skepticism_(band)/dPCIAcPg">Skepticism</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a> and <a href="/facts/Unholy_(band)/cdy3oB6y">Unholy</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a>

<h3>Louisiana doom metal</h3>
See also: <a href="/facts/Music_of_New_Orleans/NxI2fRt9">Music of New Orleans § Heavy metal</a>
Regarded as <a href="/facts/Sludge_metal/EntFR3j1">sludge metal</a>'s birthplace by <a href="/facts/AllMusic/Hb8cU8Fb">AllMusic</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50">50</a> this scene originated in <a href="/facts/New_Orleans/IgCn61KH">New Orleans</a> in the late 1980s.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51">51</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52">52</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53">53</a> The bands of this scene employ some <a href="/facts/Punk_music/voBjpcpS">punk</a> influences, like harsh vocals, guitar <a href="/facts/Distortion_(music)/gdQ51JHv">distortion</a> and downtuned sound.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54">54</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55">55</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56">56</a> This scene was pioneered by <a href="/facts/Exhorder/pcsrmp2n">Exhorder</a>, who was the first band to combine doom metal with a <a href="/facts/Thrash_metal/TJJ0bhAc">punk-influenced metal sound</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57">57</a> In the 90s, several sludge and stoner metal bands arose in the state, mainly influenced by bands like <a href="/facts/Black_Sabbath/JP6lFHz8">Black Sabbath</a> and <a href="/facts/Melvins/rzT6S4lA">Melvins</a>, also mixing their sound with genres like <a href="/facts/Hardcore_punk/eonxzUyP">hardcore punk</a> and <a href="/facts/Southern_rock/KCsuonJt">Southern rock</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58">58</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59">59</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60">60</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61">61</a> Notable bands include <a href="/facts/Eyehategod/MwbxKXmu">Eyehategod</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62">62</a> <a href="/facts/Down_(band)/oF2SpfwM">Down</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63">63</a> <a href="/facts/Exhorder/pcsrmp2n">Exhorder</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64">64</a> <a href="/facts/Crowbar_(US_band)/kFjLYkP5">Crowbar</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65">65</a> and <a href="/facts/Acid_Bath/Uz4Hu6p6">Acid Bath</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66">66</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67">67</a>

<h3>Washington D.C. doom metal</h3>
See also: <a href="/facts/Music_of_Maryland/lnwAJQRH">Music of Maryland § Popular music</a>
This scene formed in the early 1970s and was kickstarted by <a href="/facts/Pentagram_(band)/uJAqMDP3">Pentagram</a> and <a href="/facts/The_Obsessed/Bnp2LSe1">the Obsessed</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68">68</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69">69</a> Various doom/<a href="/facts/Stoner_rock/m3RDLgdk">stoner</a> bands, mostly from <a href="/facts/Washington%2c_D.C./enXPK156">Washington, D.C.</a> and its <a href="/facts/Washington_metropolitan_area/tn4yeESo">metropolitan area</a> on <a href="/facts/Maryland/tVy9fC1n">Maryland</a> and <a href="/facts/Virginia/g2kucGdn">Virginia</a> (thus also being labelled "Maryland doom sound"),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70">70</a> formed in this region being heavily influenced by early <a href="/facts/Hard_rock/yC1FkQcC">hard rock</a> and <a href="/facts/Heavy_metal_music/WsIPhM9e">heavy metal</a> bands, like <a href="/facts/UFO_(band)/mfoHBqnb">UFO</a>, <a href="/facts/Blue_Cheer/V5fSFoU4">Blue Cheer</a>, <a href="/facts/Black_Sabbath/JP6lFHz8">Black Sabbath</a>, <a href="/facts/Uriah_Heep_(band)/LlFs0bqQ">Uriah Heep</a> and <a href="/facts/Sir_Lord_Baltimore/kKgdFgKB">Sir Lord Baltimore</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71">71</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72">72</a> This scene is also known as "Hellhound sound" for being closely related to the late <a href="/facts/Hellhound_Records/rKEU5jBa">Hellhound Records</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73">73</a> who signed with many important bands of the scene like <a href="/facts/Saint_Vitus_(band)/5qgol1m5">Saint Vitus</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74">74</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75">75</a> <a href="/facts/Internal_Void/EkfsbVhN">Internal Void</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76">76</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77">77</a> <a href="/facts/Iron_Man_(band)/4jMWMRPQ">Iron Man</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78">78</a> <a href="/facts/Revelation_(band)/soj06jKY">Revelation</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79">79</a> <a href="/facts/Wretched_(doom_metal_band)/94QMuwyI">Wretched</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80">80</a> and <a href="/facts/Unorthodox_(band)/wT1CycCo">Unorthodox</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81">81</a> Other notable bands include <a href="/facts/Evoken/5PNnJE6X">Evoken</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82">82</a> <a href="/facts/Spirit_Caravan/mTV3R50Y">Spirit Caravan</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83">83</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84">84</a> <a href="/facts/Earthride/Te3a9wQt">Earthride</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85">85</a> and <a href="/facts/The_Hidden_Hand_(band)/xUoon9WX">the Hidden Hand</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86">86</a>

<h3>Pacific Northwest doom metal</h3>
The <a href="/facts/Pacific_Northwest/EjJhETXc">Pacific Northwest</a> region – primarily <a href="/facts/Oregon/4Uq446Ko">Oregon</a>, <a href="/facts/Washington_(state)/7tCrTFnN">Washington</a>, and <a href="/facts/British_Columbia/Ty3e3g1Q">British Columbia</a> – has been host to a growing scene of doom, sludge,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87">87</a> and stoner metal<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88">88</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89">89</a> since the 1990s. It is influenced by the geographical origin of <a href="/facts/Grunge/X7CbpRLF">grunge</a> music and a sound pioneered in part by the Washington band <a href="/facts/Melvins/rzT6S4lA">Melvins</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90">90</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91">91</a> Common visual themes include the region's cold, rainy, forested climate, and many bands utilize psychedelic imagery influenced by bands like <a href="/facts/Sleep_(band)/HrQ1AWL9">Sleep</a>, Karp and Harkonen.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92">92</a> Musical styles often share crossover features with <a href="/facts/Ambient_black_metal/g4xlNCoV">atmospheric/ambient black metal</a>, <a href="/facts/Drone_metal/ToF1hBuW">drone metal</a>, and <a href="/facts/Post-metal/yDfYLRto">post-metal</a> as seen in Oregon's <a href="/facts/Yob_(band)/yI9mv74A">YOB</a>, <a href="/facts/Agalloch/9Uzj8oVe">Agalloch</a>, <a href="/facts/Witch_Mountain_(band)/UaI3AxXx">Witch Mountain</a>, and <a href="/facts/Red_Fang/YkTk5b6l">Red Fang</a>; Washington's <a href="/facts/Earth_(American_band)/e9CL2kR9">Earth</a>, and <a href="/facts/Sunn_O)))/lyR2NLuQ">Sunn O)))</a>; and Vancouver's <a href="/facts/Anciients/4hlVlsKd">Anciients</a>, Astrakhan,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93">93</a> and <a href="/facts/Aaron_Turner/kTW4evmL">Aaron Turner</a> project <a href="/facts/Sumac_(band)/dcIjI2Qb">Sumac</a>, among various others.

<h3>Palm Desert Scene</h3>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Palm_Desert_Scene/crgjaEH2">Palm Desert Scene</a> 
<a href="/facts/Palm_Desert%2c_California/xVWJrNbT">Palm Desert, California</a>, hosts a thriving desert rock and stoner metal scene, drawing heavy influences from <a href="/facts/Psychedelia/aPaJ3R3C">psychedelia</a>, <a href="/facts/Blues/f2WSr9QQ">blues</a> and <a href="/facts/Hardcore_punk/eonxzUyP">hardcore punk</a>, often featuring distinctive repetitive drum beats, a propensity for free-form <a href="/facts/Jam_session/r9pRm5cG">jamming</a>, and "trance-like" or "sludgy" <a href="/facts/Groove_(music)/Arh0e7WE">grooves</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94">94</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95">95</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:96" href="#fn:96">96</a> Because of their integration, the term "stoner rock" is sometimes used interchangeably with the term "desert rock".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:97" href="#fn:97">97</a> Notable bands include <a href="/facts/Kyuss/cHV8mq0t">Kyuss</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:98" href="#fn:98">98</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:99" href="#fn:99">99</a> <a href="/facts/Queens_of_the_Stone_Age/GLbLJ2R8">Queens of the Stone Age</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:100" href="#fn:100">100</a> <a href="/facts/Dali%2527s_Llama/n56j8lCn">Dali's Llama</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:101" href="#fn:101">101</a> <a href="/facts/Slo_Burn/wr04XTXz">Slo Burn</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:102" href="#fn:102">102</a> and <a href="/facts/Brant_Bjork/IRj8qGlT">Brant Bjork</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:103" href="#fn:103">103</a>

<h2 id="stylistic-divisions">Stylistic divisions</h2>
<h3>Black-doom</h3>
Black-doom, also known as blackened doom, is a style that combines the slowness and thicker, bassier sound of doom metal with the <a href="/facts/Screaming_(music)/nWvhz7KD">shrieking vocals</a> and heavily distorted guitar sound of <a href="/facts/Black_metal/g4xlNCoV">black metal</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:104" href="#fn:104">104</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:105" href="#fn:105">105</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:106" href="#fn:106">106</a> Black-doom bands maintain the Satanic ideology associated with black metal, while melding it with moodier themes more related to doom metal, like depression, nihilism, and nature.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:107" href="#fn:107">107</a> They also use the slower pace of doom metal in order to emphasize the harsh atmosphere present in black metal.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:108" href="#fn:108">108</a> Examples of black-doom bands include <a href="/facts/Barathrum/V1kRsQM1">Barathrum</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:109" href="#fn:109">109</a> <a href="/facts/Forgotten_Tomb/zYFFFNQn">Forgotten Tomb</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:110" href="#fn:110">110</a> <a href="/facts/Woods_of_Ypres/DN8cHEwl">Woods of Ypres</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:111" href="#fn:111">111</a> <a href="/facts/Deinonychus_(band)/CkJT2DNt">Deinonychus</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:112" href="#fn:112">112</a> <a href="/facts/Shining_(Swedish_band)/8Mor0dFn">Shining</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:113" href="#fn:113">113</a> <a href="/facts/Nortt/0cfXYnVc">Nortt</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:114" href="#fn:114">114</a> <a href="/facts/Bethlehem_(German_band)/5Llr2yT9">Bethlehem</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:115" href="#fn:115">115</a> early <a href="/facts/Katatonia/K5vNvQNA">Katatonia</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:116" href="#fn:116">116</a> <a href="/facts/Tiamat_(band)/FjmtTf7E">Tiamat</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:117" href="#fn:117">117</a> <a href="/facts/Dolorian/66XhqMBB">Dolorian</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:118" href="#fn:118">118</a> <a href="/facts/October_Tide/qmNf4U8Y">October Tide</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:119" href="#fn:119">119</a> and <a href="/facts/In_the_Woods.../z66gaJnG">In the Woods...</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:120" href="#fn:120">120</a>

<h4>Depressive suicidal black metal</h4>
Pioneered by black-doom bands like <a href="/facts/Ophthalamia/Dd0m8S57">Ophthalamia</a>, <a href="/facts/Katatonia/K5vNvQNA">Katatonia</a>, <a href="/facts/Bethlehem_(German_band)/5Llr2yT9">Bethlehem</a>, <a href="/facts/Forgotten_Tomb/zYFFFNQn">Forgotten Tomb</a>, and <a href="/facts/Shining_(Swedish_band)/8Mor0dFn">Shining</a>, depressive suicidal black metal, also known as suicidal black metal, depressive black metal, or DSBM, is a style that melds the <a href="/facts/Black_metal/g4xlNCoV">second wave</a>-style of black metal with doom metal,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:121" href="#fn:121">121</a> with lyrics revolving around themes such as depression, self-harm, misanthrophy, suicide, and death.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:122" href="#fn:122">122</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:123" href="#fn:123">123</a> DSBM bands draw the <a href="/facts/Lo-fi_music/c0HswxI3">lo-fi</a> recording and highly distorted guitars of black metal, while employing the usage of acoustic instruments and non-distorted electric guitar's timbres present in doom metal, interchanging the slower, doom-like, sections with faster <a href="/facts/Tremolo_picking/TtN7b4Lk">tremolo picking</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:124" href="#fn:124">124</a> Vocals are usually high-pitched like in black metal, but lacking of energy, simulating feelings like hopelessness, desperation, and plea.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:125" href="#fn:125">125</a> The presence of one-man bands is more prominent in this genre compared to others.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:126" href="#fn:126">126</a> Examples of bands include <a href="/facts/Xasthur/DFGFbhox">Xasthur</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:127" href="#fn:127">127</a> <a href="/facts/Leviathan_(musical_project)/fuURkckf">Leviathan</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:128" href="#fn:128">128</a> <a href="/facts/Strid_(band)/cclJ0fxW">Strid</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:129" href="#fn:129">129</a> <a href="/facts/Silencer_(band)/DmVgmAkJ">Silencer</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:130" href="#fn:130">130</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:131" href="#fn:131">131</a> Make a Change... Kill Yourself,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:132" href="#fn:132">132</a> and <a href="/facts/I_Shalt_Become/GbClRX4o">I Shalt Become</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:133" href="#fn:133">133</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:134" href="#fn:134">134</a>

<h3>Blackened death-doom</h3>
Blackened death-doom is a genre that combines the slow tempos and monolithic drumming of doom metal, the complex and loud riffage of <a href="/facts/Death_metal/LQnBoMRh">death metal</a> and the shrieking vocals of <a href="/facts/Black_metal/g4xlNCoV">black metal</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:135" href="#fn:135">135</a> Examples of blackened death-doom bands include Morast,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:136" href="#fn:136">136</a> Faustcoven,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:137" href="#fn:137">137</a> <a href="/facts/The_Ruins_of_Beverast/et6ElnfT">the Ruins of Beverast</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:138" href="#fn:138">138</a> Bolzer,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:139" href="#fn:139">139</a> Necros Christos,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:140" href="#fn:140">140</a> Harvest Gulgaltha,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:141" href="#fn:141">141</a> <a href="/facts/Dragged_into_Sunlight/550QNToK">Dragged into Sunlight</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:142" href="#fn:142">142</a> Hands of Thieves,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:143" href="#fn:143">143</a> and <a href="/facts/Soulburn/D5h1pCr0">Soulburn</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:144" href="#fn:144">144</a> <a href="/facts/Kim_Kelly_(journalist)/SB2SfeTr">Kim Kelly</a>, journalist from <a href="/facts/Vice_(magazine)/cfPWAE8z">Vice</a>, has called Faustcoven as "one of the finest bands to ever successfully meld black, death, and doom metal into a cohesive, legible whole."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:145" href="#fn:145">145</a>

<h3>Death-doom</h3>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Death-doom/oaJHqu1T">Death-doom</a>

Death-doom is a style that combines the slow tempos and pessimistic atmosphere of doom metal with the deep <a href="/facts/Death_growl/7DSj58fJ">growling vocals</a> and double-kick drumming of <a href="/facts/Death_metal/LQnBoMRh">death metal</a>.[84] Influenced mostly by the early work of <a href="/facts/Hellhammer/eQJfdD9y">Hellhammer</a> and <a href="/facts/Celtic_Frost/Vm9qyoTV">Celtic Frost</a>, the style emerged during the late 1980s and gained a certain amount of popularity during the 1990s.[84] Death-doom was pioneered by bands such as <a href="/facts/Winter_(metal_band)/lTQB2guk">Winter</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:146" href="#fn:146">146</a> <a href="/facts/Disembowelment_(band)/MsIWfWHt">Disembowelment</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:147" href="#fn:147">147</a> <a href="/facts/Paradise_Lost_(band)/zkYsQ0UV">Paradise Lost</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:148" href="#fn:148">148</a> <a href="/facts/Autopsy_(band)/d4Qh4njM">Autopsy</a>, <a href="/facts/Anathema_(band)/WlKLGtaR">Anathema</a>, <a href="/facts/My_Dying_Bride/jRw1VDfI">My Dying Bride</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:149" href="#fn:149">149</a> and <a href="/facts/Novembers_Doom/k6IcRHVs">Novembers Doom</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:150" href="#fn:150">150</a>

<h4>Funeral doom</h4>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Funeral_doom/zojFcCkp">Funeral doom</a>
Funeral doom is a genre that crosses <a href="/facts/Death-doom/oaJHqu1T">death-doom</a> with <a href="/facts/Dirge/jmw6E1wF">funeral dirge music</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:151" href="#fn:151">151</a> It is played at an extremely slow tempo, and places an emphasis on evoking a sense of emptiness and despair.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:152" href="#fn:152">152</a> Typically, electric guitars are heavily distorted and <a href="/facts/Dark_ambient/lSCCeuoe">dark ambient</a> aspects such as <a href="/facts/Keyboard_instrument/zVUA9QNG">keyboards</a> or <a href="/facts/Synthesizer/NrmdVrPa">synthesizers</a> are often used to create a "dreamlike" atmosphere.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:153" href="#fn:153">153</a> Vocals consist of mournful chants or growls and are often in the background.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:154" href="#fn:154">154</a> Funeral doom was pioneered by <a href="/facts/Mournful_Congregation/T2mlXELe">Mournful Congregation</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:155" href="#fn:155">155</a> <a href="/facts/Esoteric_(band)/8c6Mqbe3">Esoteric</a>, <a href="/facts/Evoken/5PNnJE6X">Evoken</a>, <a href="/facts/Funeral_(band)/9S9DpdJH">Funeral</a>, <a href="/facts/Thergothon/Kka75GjP">Thergothon</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:156" href="#fn:156">156</a> and <a href="/facts/Skepticism_(band)/dPCIAcPg">Skepticism</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:157" href="#fn:157">157</a>

<h3>Drone metal</h3>

Main article: <a href="/facts/Drone_metal/ToF1hBuW">Drone metal</a>
Drone metal (also known as drone doom) is a style of doom metal that is largely defined by <a href="/facts/Drone_(music)/kFLTvxqa">drones</a>; notes or chords that are <a href="/facts/Sustain/FJylhHed">sustained</a> and repeated throughout a piece of music.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:158" href="#fn:158">158</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:159" href="#fn:159">159</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:160" href="#fn:160">160</a> Typically, the electric guitar is performed with large amounts of <a href="/facts/Reverb/188vPg1A">reverb</a> and <a href="/facts/Audio_feedback/NaMWquWb">feedback</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:161" href="#fn:161">161</a> while lacking the presence of drums and vocals.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:162" href="#fn:162">162</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:163" href="#fn:163">163</a> Songs are often very long and lack <a href="/facts/Beat_(music)/xJrxPJfS">beat</a> or <a href="/facts/Rhythm/aHAByx9M">rhythm</a> in the traditional sense.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:164" href="#fn:164">164</a> Drone metal is generally influenced by <a href="/facts/Drone_music/kIM5YWIR">drone music</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:165" href="#fn:165">165</a> <a href="/facts/Noise_music/zzruNzyI">noise music</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:166" href="#fn:166">166</a> and <a href="/facts/Minimalist_music/5c01jljF">minimalist music</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:167" href="#fn:167">167</a> The style emerged in the early 1990s and was pioneered by <a href="/facts/Earth_(American_band)/e9CL2kR9">Earth</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:168" href="#fn:168">168</a> <a href="/facts/Boris_(band)/Qy80mlaI">Boris</a>, and <a href="/facts/Sunn_O)))/lyR2NLuQ">Sunn O)))</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:169" href="#fn:169">169</a>

<h3>Epic doom</h3>
Epic doom has a heavy <a href="/facts/Classical_music/oglVXmSb">classical</a> influence. One of the main characteristics are the vocals; vocalists typically employ clean, <a href="/facts/Opera/eLeXDdsP">operatic</a>, and <a href="/facts/Choir/kzLHDhPh">choral</a> singing, accompanied by keyboarding and drumming performed in a bombastic fashion in order to evoke an "epic" sensation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:170" href="#fn:170">170</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:171" href="#fn:171">171</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:172" href="#fn:172">172</a> Lyrics and imagery are typically inspired by <a href="/facts/Fantasy/gkujmhJg">fantasy</a> or <a href="/facts/Mythology/kG8UTfem">mythology</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:173" href="#fn:173">173</a> Examples of prominent epic doom bands include <a href="/facts/Candlemass_(band)/UEUmkJYQ">Candlemass</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:174" href="#fn:174">174</a> <a href="/facts/Solitude_Aeturnus/nYmjVlhz">Solitude Aeturnus</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:175" href="#fn:175">175</a> <a href="/facts/Solstice_(doom_metal_band)/bL3CePex">Solstice</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:176" href="#fn:176">176</a> <a href="/facts/While_Heaven_Wept/XwyHoN5o">While Heaven Wept</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:177" href="#fn:177">177</a> and <a href="/facts/Doomsword/B8Djh1mq">Doomsword</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:178" href="#fn:178">178</a>

<h3>Gothic-doom</h3>
Gothic-doom, also known as doom-gothic, is a style that combines more traditional elements of doom metal with <a href="/facts/Gothic_rock/djfBWS80">gothic rock</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:179" href="#fn:179">179</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:180" href="#fn:180">180</a> Gothic-doom bands usually play at slow and mid-tempos and employ the usage of instruments that are more related to <a href="/facts/Classical_music/oglVXmSb">classical music</a>, alongside traditional doom metal instruments, in order to create darker and meditative atmospheres.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:181" href="#fn:181">181</a> Doom-gothic lyrics combines the dramatic and romantic elements of gothic rock with the sorrowness and melancholy present in doom metal, while being more introspective and focused on personal experiences such as love, grief, irreparable loss, loss of faith, etc.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:182" href="#fn:182">182</a> Unlike in <a href="/facts/Gothic_metal/eNR5D2Po">gothic metal</a> and <a href="/facts/Death-doom/oaJHqu1T">death-doom</a>, gothic-doom bands prefer the use of cleaner vocals instead of employing <a href="/facts/Death_growl/7DSj58fJ">death growls</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:183" href="#fn:183">183</a> although some of them employ harsher vocals occasionally, and avoid the usage of death metal-like riffage.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:184" href="#fn:184">184</a> Bands labelled as gothic-doom include Weeping Silence,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:185" href="#fn:185">185</a> <a href="/facts/The_Foreshadowing_(band)/TG9h2lEl">the Foreshadowing</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:186" href="#fn:186">186</a> Grave Lines,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:187" href="#fn:187">187</a> <a href="/facts/Artrosis/AQ1fb4tl">Artrosis</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:188" href="#fn:188">188</a> <a href="/facts/Ava_Inferi/QMbQgsyJ">Ava Inferi</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:189" href="#fn:189">189</a> <a href="/facts/Draconian_(band)/M4Ickxlm">Draconian</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:190" href="#fn:190">190</a> and <a href="/facts/Type_O_Negative/gRHqLRc3">Type O Negative</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:191" href="#fn:191">191</a>

<h3>Progressive doom</h3>
Progressive doom is a fusion genre that combines elements of <a href="/facts/Progressive_metal/8y6HIRpw">progressive metal</a> and doom metal.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:192" href="#fn:192">192</a> Notable bands include King Goat,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:193" href="#fn:193">193</a> Below the Sun,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:194" href="#fn:194">194</a> <a href="/facts/Sierra_(progressive_doom_metal_band)/Qn31UJWF">Sierra</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:195" href="#fn:195">195</a> <a href="/facts/Oceans_of_Slumber/QuytawQC">Oceans of Slumber</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:196" href="#fn:196">196</a> and <a href="/facts/Green_Carnation/V2UtSAhG">Green Carnation</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:197" href="#fn:197">197</a>

<h3>Sludge metal</h3>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Sludge_metal/EntFR3j1">Sludge metal</a>
Sludge metal (also known as sludge doom<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:198" href="#fn:198">198</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:199" href="#fn:199">199</a>) is a style that combines doom metal and <a href="/facts/Hardcore_punk/eonxzUyP">hardcore punk</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:200" href="#fn:200">200</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:201" href="#fn:201">201</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:202" href="#fn:202">202</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:203" href="#fn:203">203</a> Many sludge bands compose slow and heavy songs that contain brief hardcore passages.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:204" href="#fn:204">204</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:205" href="#fn:205">205</a> However, some bands emphasise fast tempos throughout their music.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:206" href="#fn:206">206</a> The string instruments are heavily <a href="/facts/Distortion_(music)/gdQ51JHv">distorted</a> and are often played with large amounts of <a href="/facts/Audio_feedback/NaMWquWb">feedback</a> to produce an abrasive, sludgy sound.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:207" href="#fn:207">207</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:208" href="#fn:208">208</a> Drumming is often performed in typical doom metal fashion, but drummers may employ hardcore <a href="/facts/D-beat/P0mL1VDH">d-beat</a> or double-kick drumming during faster passages. Vocals are usually shouted or screamed, and lyrics often focus on suffering, drug abuse, politics and anger towards society. The style was pioneered in the late 1980s by the <a href="/facts/Melvins/rzT6S4lA">Melvins</a>, and in the 1990s by bands such as <a href="/facts/Eyehategod/MwbxKXmu">Eyehategod</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:209" href="#fn:209">209</a> <a href="/facts/Crowbar_(American_band)/kFjLYkP5">Crowbar</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:210" href="#fn:210">210</a> <a href="/facts/Buzzov*en/HKmUDDFj">Buzzov*en</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:211" href="#fn:211">211</a> <a href="/facts/Acid_Bath/Uz4Hu6p6">Acid Bath</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:212" href="#fn:212">212</a> and <a href="/facts/Grief_(band)/JyloDjxz">Grief</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:213" href="#fn:213">213</a>

<h4>Sludgecore</h4>
Sludgecore further combines sludge metal with hardcore punk, and possesses a slow pace, a low and dark pitch, and a grinding dirge-like feel.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:214" href="#fn:214">214</a> Bands regarded as sludgecore include Acid Bath, Eyehategod, <a href="/facts/Soilent_Green/LM6Fzkyn">Soilent Green</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:215" href="#fn:215">215</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:216" href="#fn:216">216</a> Black Sheep Wall, Admiral Angry, and <a href="/facts/The_Abominable_Iron_Sloth/hzxDxBVz">The Abominable Iron Sloth</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:217" href="#fn:217">217</a> Crowbar mixed "detuned, lethargic sludged-out metal with hardcore and <a href="/facts/Southern_rock/KCsuonJt">southern elements</a>".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:218" href="#fn:218">218</a>

<h3>Stoner metal</h3>

Main article: <a href="/facts/Stoner_rock/m3RDLgdk">Stoner rock</a>
Stoner metal or stoner doom<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:219" href="#fn:219">219</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:220" href="#fn:220">220</a> describes doom metal that incorporates <a href="/facts/Psychedelic_rock/gI1vhFHj">psychedelic rock</a> and <a href="/facts/Acid_rock/bNvDRASF">acid rock</a> elements.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:221" href="#fn:221">221</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:222" href="#fn:222">222</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:223" href="#fn:223">223</a> Stoner metal is often heavily <a href="/facts/Distortion_(music)/gdQ51JHv">distorted</a>, <a href="/facts/Groove_(music)/Arh0e7WE">groove</a>-laden <a href="/facts/Bass_guitar/lbeoAatH">bass</a>-heavy sound, making much use of <a href="/facts/Guitar_effects/XhTKhJQC">guitar effects</a> such as <a href="/facts/Distortion_(music)/gdQ51JHv">fuzz</a>, <a href="/facts/Phaser_(effect)/e3uofh4c">phaser</a>, or <a href="/facts/Flanging/JU9Kj7WC">flanger</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:224" href="#fn:224">224</a> Stoner bands typically play in slow-to-mid <a href="/facts/Tempo/P5PfkpTb">tempo</a>, employing the usage of melodic vocals and "retro" production.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:225" href="#fn:225">225</a> It was pioneered in the early–mid-1990s by bands such as <a href="/facts/Kyuss/cHV8mq0t">Kyuss</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:226" href="#fn:226">226</a> <a href="/facts/Sleep_(band)/HrQ1AWL9">Sleep</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:227" href="#fn:227">227</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:228" href="#fn:228">228</a> <a href="/facts/Acid_King/mzXHFuX5">Acid King</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:229" href="#fn:229">229</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:230" href="#fn:230">230</a> <a href="/facts/Electric_Wizard/1RG2GCQu">Electric Wizard</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:231" href="#fn:231">231</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:232" href="#fn:232">232</a> <a href="/facts/Orange_Goblin/FJprtDvq">Orange Goblin</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:233" href="#fn:233">233</a> and <a href="/facts/Sons_of_Otis/1l5anmeu">Sons of Otis</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:234" href="#fn:234">234</a>

<h4>Desert rock</h4>
Desert rock combines the psychedelic elements of stoner metal with <a href="/facts/Hard_rock/yC1FkQcC">hard rock</a> characteristics.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:235" href="#fn:235">235</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:236" href="#fn:236">236</a> Bands of this style include Kyuss,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:237" href="#fn:237">237</a> <a href="/facts/Fu_Manchu_(band)/mBGWqPTB">Fu Manchu</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:238" href="#fn:238">238</a> <a href="/facts/Queens_of_the_Stone_Age/GLbLJ2R8">Queens of the Stone Age</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:239" href="#fn:239">239</a> <a href="/facts/Earthlings%253F/thvrBCAg">Earthlings?</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:240" href="#fn:240">240</a> and <a href="/facts/Yawning_Man/LNrBV15I">Yawning Man</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:241" href="#fn:241">241</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:242" href="#fn:242">242</a>

<h3>Traditional doom</h3>
Influenced by 1970s and 1980s <a href="/facts/Heavy_metal_music/WsIPhM9e">heavy metal</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:243" href="#fn:243">243</a> traditional doom metal bands more commonly use higher guitar tunings, and do not play as slowly as many other doom bands.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:244" href="#fn:244">244</a> Traditional doom bands typically play slow to mid-tempo songs with a thick and heavy sound with the electric bass following the melody line, and sometimes employ the usage of keyboards, although assuming a secondary role on traditional doom metal songs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:245" href="#fn:245">245</a> Vocals are usually clean with the occasional growl or scream.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:246" href="#fn:246">246</a> The lyrics in traditional doom usually are eerie and dark like other doom metal divisions. Some bands who play traditional doom metal are <a href="/facts/Orodruin_(band)/voJS2AL9">Orodruin</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:247" href="#fn:247">247</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:248" href="#fn:248">248</a> <a href="/facts/Reverend_Bizarre/pywNPR43">Reverend Bizarre</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:249" href="#fn:249">249</a> <a href="/facts/Witchcraft_(band)/vXowCdB3">Witchcraft</a>, <a href="/facts/Saint_Vitus_(band)/5qgol1m5">Saint Vitus</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:250" href="#fn:250">250</a> and <a href="/facts/Count_Raven/SkXVXj4l">Count Raven</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:251" href="#fn:251">251</a>

<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/List_of_doom_metal_bands/7rNaILyN">List of doom metal bands</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Emissions_from_the_Monolith/skGtXnfz">Emissions from the Monolith</a>, a doom metal music festival</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Post-metal/yDfYLRto">Post-metal</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Slowcore/V84gCD0J">Slowcore</a>, a genre of indie rock that also employs very slow tempos and pessimistic lyrics</li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>

Wikiquote has quotations related to Doom metal.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Doom metal.

<ul><li><a href="https://www.allmusic.com/style/doom-metal-ma0000004496">Doom metal</a> at <a href="/facts/AllMusic/Hb8cU8Fb">AllMusic</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">K. Kahn-Harris, Extreme Metal: Music and Culture on the Edge (Berg Publishers, 2007), ISBN 1-84520-399-2, p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">"Doom metal". AllMusic. Retrieved 17 January 2016. <a href="https://www.allmusic.com/style/doom-metal-ma0000004496" target="_blank">https://www.allmusic.com/style/doom-metal-ma0000004496</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">"Doom metal". AllMusic. Retrieved 17 January 2016. <a href="https://www.allmusic.com/style/doom-metal-ma0000004496" target="_blank">https://www.allmusic.com/style/doom-metal-ma0000004496</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">"Doom metal". AllMusic. Retrieved 17 January 2016. <a href="https://www.allmusic.com/style/doom-metal-ma0000004496" target="_blank">https://www.allmusic.com/style/doom-metal-ma0000004496</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Rozycki, David (24 August 2021). "Eric Wagner, Lead Singer of Doom Metal Legends Trouble, Has Died from Covid-19". Houston Press. <a href="https://www.houstonpress.com/music/eric-wagner-lead-singer-of-doom-metal-legends-trouble-has-died-from-covid-19-11785165" target="_blank">https://www.houstonpress.com/music/eric-wagner-lead-singer-of-doom-metal-legends-trouble-has-died-from-covid-19-11785165</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Wiederhorn, Jon (2 February 2017). "Doom Metal: A Brief Timeline". Bandcamp daily. Retrieved 30 June 2018. <a href="https://daily.bandcamp.com/2017/02/02/doom-metal-a-brief-timeline/" target="_blank">https://daily.bandcamp.com/2017/02/02/doom-metal-a-brief-timeline/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Piper, Jonathan (2013). Locating experiential richness in doom metal (PhD). UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations. University of California, San Diego. Retrieved 14 September 2019. <a href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bq7387s" target="_blank">https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bq7387s</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">"Doom metal". AllMusic. Retrieved 17 January 2016. <a href="https://www.allmusic.com/style/doom-metal-ma0000004496" target="_blank">https://www.allmusic.com/style/doom-metal-ma0000004496</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Piper, Jonathan (2013). Locating experiential richness in doom metal (PhD). UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations. University of California, San Diego. Retrieved 14 September 2019. <a href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bq7387s" target="_blank">https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bq7387s</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Irwin, William (September 2012). Black Sabbath and Philosophy: Mastering Reality. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Piper, Jonathan (2013). Locating experiential richness in doom metal (PhD). UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations. University of California, San Diego. Retrieved 14 September 2019. <a href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bq7387s" target="_blank">https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bq7387s</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">Wiederhorn, Jon (2 February 2017). "Doom Metal: A Brief Timeline". Bandcamp daily. Retrieved 30 June 2018. <a href="https://daily.bandcamp.com/2017/02/02/doom-metal-a-brief-timeline/" target="_blank">https://daily.bandcamp.com/2017/02/02/doom-metal-a-brief-timeline/</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">Irwin, William (September 2012). Black Sabbath and Philosophy: Mastering Reality. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">Wiederhorn, Jon (2 February 2017). "Doom Metal: A Brief Timeline". Bandcamp daily. Retrieved 30 June 2018. <a href="https://daily.bandcamp.com/2017/02/02/doom-metal-a-brief-timeline/" target="_blank">https://daily.bandcamp.com/2017/02/02/doom-metal-a-brief-timeline/</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">"Doom Metal Music Guide: 11 Doom Metal Bands". Doom metal lyrics often describe paranoia, despair, political upheaval, and depression. They sometimes touch on witchcraft and pagan themes as well. <a href="https://www.masterclass.com/articles/doom-metal-music-guide" target="_blank">https://www.masterclass.com/articles/doom-metal-music-guide</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">Classic Rock Magazine, September 2014 <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Hart, Josh; Fanelli, Damian (11 October 2015). "The 50 Heaviest Songs Before Black Sabbath: #40-31". Guitar World. Archived from the original on 24 April 2018. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202901/https://www.guitarworld.com/features/50-heaviest-songs-black-sabbath-40-31" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202901/https://www.guitarworld.com/features/50-heaviest-songs-black-sabbath-40-31</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">"Doom metal". AllMusic. Retrieved 17 January 2016. <a href="https://www.allmusic.com/style/doom-metal-ma0000004496" target="_blank">https://www.allmusic.com/style/doom-metal-ma0000004496</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">Piper, Jonathan (2013). Locating experiential richness in doom metal (PhD). UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations. University of California, San Diego. Retrieved 14 September 2019. <a href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bq7387s" target="_blank">https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bq7387s</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">Wiederhorn, Jon (2 February 2017). "Doom Metal: A Brief Timeline". Bandcamp daily. Retrieved 30 June 2018. <a href="https://daily.bandcamp.com/2017/02/02/doom-metal-a-brief-timeline/" target="_blank">https://daily.bandcamp.com/2017/02/02/doom-metal-a-brief-timeline/</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">Wiederhorn, Jon & Turman, Katherine (2013). Louder Than Hell: The Definitive Oral History of Metal (loan required). New York: itbooks. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-06-195828-1 – via the Internet Archive. <a href="978-0-06-195828-1" target="_blank">978-0-06-195828-1</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">"Music News, Videos, Photos, Artists, Playlists and More". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 8 May 2009. Retrieved 21 October 2010. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090508144856/http://www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2006/06/21/run-for-your-lives-blue-cheer-at-cbgbs/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090508144856/http://www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2006/06/21/run-for-your-lives-blue-cheer-at-cbgbs/</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">Blows, Kirk. "Uriah Heep The Story: February 1972 – February 1975". Uriah Heep Official Website. Retrieved 7 February 2025. <a href="http://www.uriah-heep.com/newa/heepstory5.php" target="_blank">http://www.uriah-heep.com/newa/heepstory5.php</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">"Budgie". AllMusic. Retrieved 10 December 2012. <a href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/budgie-p12471/biography" target="_blank">http://www.allmusic.com/artist/budgie-p12471/biography</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:25">Ezell, Brice (18 February 2015). "The Album Remains the Same: Led Zeppelin - "No Quarter"". PopMatters. Retrieved 19 January 2016. <a href="https://www.popmatters.com/post/168442-the-album-remains-the-same-led-zeppelin-no-quarter" target="_blank">https://www.popmatters.com/post/168442-the-album-remains-the-same-led-zeppelin-no-quarter</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:26">"Review: Flower Travellin Band – Satori". Sputnikmusic. Retrieved 6 February 2016. <a href="https://www.sputnikmusic.com/review/56820/Flower-Travellin-Band-Satori/" target="_blank">https://www.sputnikmusic.com/review/56820/Flower-Travellin-Band-Satori/</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:27">"Bang". AllMusic. Retrieved 10 December 2012. <a href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/bang-mn0000786623" target="_blank">http://www.allmusic.com/artist/bang-mn0000786623</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:28">"U.S. '70s Proto-Metal Power Trio Bang Returns". Blabbermouth.net. 6 January 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2019. <a href="http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/u-s-70s-proto-metal-power-trio-bang-returns/" target="_blank">http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/u-s-70s-proto-metal-power-trio-bang-returns/</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:29">"Sir Lord Baltimore". AllMusic. Retrieved 10 December 2012. <a href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/sir-lord-baltimore-p20555/biography" target="_blank">http://www.allmusic.com/artist/sir-lord-baltimore-p20555/biography</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:30">"Heavy Planet Stoner Rock Blog: Album Of The Day-Buffalo-Volcanic Rock (1973)". Retrieved 10 December 2012. <a href="http://www.heavyplanet.net/2008/07/album-of-day-buffalo-volcanic-rock-1973.html" target="_blank">http://www.heavyplanet.net/2008/07/album-of-day-buffalo-volcanic-rock-1973.html</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:31">Christe (2003), pg. 345, "Beginning with the overlooked Lucifer's Friend and Necromandus in the early 1970s, doom crawled through the 1980s with Trouble, Witchfinder General, the Obsessed, Candlemass, Pentagram, and Saint Vitus, then into the 1990s with Cathedral, Sleep, and Burning Witch." <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:32">Christe (2003), pg. 345, "Beginning with the overlooked Lucifer's Friend and Necromandus in the early 1970s, doom crawled through the 1980s with Trouble, Witchfinder General, the Obsessed, Candlemass, Pentagram, and Saint Vitus, then into the 1990s with Cathedral, Sleep, and Burning Witch." <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:33">^ Sleazegrinder (March 2007). "The Lost Pioneers of Heavy Metal". Classic Rock. <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:34">"Doom metal". AllMusic. Retrieved 17 January 2016. <a href="https://www.allmusic.com/style/doom-metal-ma0000004496" target="_blank">https://www.allmusic.com/style/doom-metal-ma0000004496</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:35">Kaufman, Spencer (March 2019). "Northwest Terror Fest 2019 lineup: Pig Destroyer, Wolfbrigade, Cirith Ungol, and more to crush Seattle". Consequence of Sound. Retrieved 30 March 2019. <a href="https://consequenceofsound.net/2019/03/northwest-terror-fest-2019-lineup/" target="_blank">https://consequenceofsound.net/2019/03/northwest-terror-fest-2019-lineup/</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:36">Lackey Shaffer, Nancy D. (4 October 2018). "OUT WITH A BANG | Robert Garven and Jarvis Leatherby talk Frost and Fire IV before the metalfest takes its final bow". Ventura County Reporter. Retrieved 30 March 2019. <a href="https://www.vcreporter.com/2018/10/out-with-a-bang-robert-garven-and-jarvis-leatherby-talk-frost-and-fire-iv-before-the-metalfest-takes-its-final-bow/" target="_blank">https://www.vcreporter.com/2018/10/out-with-a-bang-robert-garven-and-jarvis-leatherby-talk-frost-and-fire-iv-before-the-metalfest-takes-its-final-bow/</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:37">Ludwig, Jamie (18 April 2022). "Swedish doom-metal pioneers Candlemass celebrate their epic sounds in Chicago". Chicago Reader. Retrieved 21 December 2023. <a href="https://chicagoreader.com/music/swedish-doom-metal-pioneers-candlemass/" target="_blank">https://chicagoreader.com/music/swedish-doom-metal-pioneers-candlemass/</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:38">DerRozzengarten. "Swallow The Sun interview (10/2005)". Metal Storm. Retrieved 6 January 2013. <a href="http://www.metalstorm.net/pub/interview.php?interview_id=137" target="_blank">http://www.metalstorm.net/pub/interview.php?interview_id=137</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:39">DerRozzengarten. "Swallow The Sun interview (10/2005)". Metal Storm. Retrieved 6 January 2013. <a href="http://www.metalstorm.net/pub/interview.php?interview_id=137" target="_blank">http://www.metalstorm.net/pub/interview.php?interview_id=137</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:40">Vladimir Kozlov. "Russian doom, Finnish-style". The Moscow News. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014. Retrieved 6 January 2013. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140110202504/http://themoscownews.com/arts/20110324/188521655.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20140110202504/http://themoscownews.com/arts/20110324/188521655.html</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:41">DerRozzengarten. "SPIRITUS MORTIS". MusicMight. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014. Retrieved 6 January 2013. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140110201441/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/finland/alavus/spiritus+mortis" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20140110201441/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/finland/alavus/spiritus+mortis</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:42">"Spiritus Mortis interview". Fémforgács. 6 October 2009. Retrieved 6 January 2013. <a href="http://www.femforgacs.hu/interju/473/Spiritus_Mortis_interview" target="_blank">http://www.femforgacs.hu/interju/473/Spiritus_Mortis_interview</a> <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:43">Marsicano, Dan. "Best Finnish Heavy Metal Bands". About.com. Archived from the original on 24 May 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2013. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160524115212/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/toppicks/tp/bestfinnishmetalbands.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160524115212/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/toppicks/tp/bestfinnishmetalbands.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:44">"Spiritus Mortis interview". Fémforgács. 6 October 2009. Retrieved 6 January 2013. <a href="http://www.femforgacs.hu/interju/473/Spiritus_Mortis_interview" target="_blank">http://www.femforgacs.hu/interju/473/Spiritus_Mortis_interview</a> <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:45">DerRozzengarten. "Swallow The Sun interview (10/2005)". Metal Storm. Retrieved 6 January 2013. <a href="http://www.metalstorm.net/pub/interview.php?interview_id=137" target="_blank">http://www.metalstorm.net/pub/interview.php?interview_id=137</a> <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:46">DerRozzengarten. "Swallow The Sun interview (10/2005)". Metal Storm. Retrieved 6 January 2013. <a href="http://www.metalstorm.net/pub/interview.php?interview_id=137" target="_blank">http://www.metalstorm.net/pub/interview.php?interview_id=137</a> <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:47">DerRozzengarten. "Swallow The Sun interview (10/2005)". Metal Storm. Retrieved 6 January 2013. <a href="http://www.metalstorm.net/pub/interview.php?interview_id=137" target="_blank">http://www.metalstorm.net/pub/interview.php?interview_id=137</a> <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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</ol>

Doom metal open-in-new

Doom metal