Kingdom of Hungary

The Kingdom of Hungary was a <a href="/facts/Monarchy/Kg1vY7tt">monarchy</a> in <a href="/facts/Central_Europe/VdxzSbJz">Central Europe</a> that existed for nearly a millennium, from 1000 to 1946 and was a key part of the <a href="/facts/Habsburg_monarchy/ctwsV3TC">Habsburg monarchy</a> from 1526-1918. The <a href="/facts/Principality_of_Hungary/UapIfhaa">Principality of Hungary</a> emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the <a href="/facts/Coronation_of_the_Hungarian_monarch/DgYPDQSE">coronation</a> of the first king <a href="/facts/Stephen_I_of_Hungary/coQ54M9W">Stephen I</a> at <a href="/facts/Esztergom/FRSVeYET">Esztergom</a> around the year 1000; his family (the <a href="/facts/%25C3%2581rp%25C3%25A1d_dynasty/RTfnNwC2">Árpád dynasty</a>) led the monarchy for 300 years. By the 12th century, the kingdom became a European power.
Due to the <a href="/facts/Ottoman_Empire/6QvfTRsg">Ottoman</a> occupation of the central and southern territories of Hungary in the 16th century, the country was partitioned into three parts: the Habsburg <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1526%25E2%2580%25931867)/ISUTYf6c">Royal Hungary</a>, <a href="/facts/Ottoman_Hungary/uj7HByBs">Ottoman Hungary</a>, and the semi-independent <a href="/facts/Principality_of_Transylvania_(1570%25E2%2580%25931711)/vyd17h3N">Principality of Transylvania</a>. The <a href="/facts/House_of_Habsburg/0ttzWDwA">House of Habsburg</a> held the Hungarian throne after the <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Moh%25C3%25A1cs/fVS6YV1x">Battle of Mohács</a> in 1526 continuously until 1918 and also played a key role in the liberation wars against the Ottoman Empire.
From 1867, territories connected to the Hungarian crown were incorporated into <a href="/facts/Austria-Hungary/9WPUPj0W">Austria-Hungary</a> under the name of <a href="/facts/Lands_of_the_Crown_of_Saint_Stephen/L6Q0TqUl">Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen</a>. The monarchy ended with the deposition of the last king <a href="/facts/Charles_I_of_Austria/SxLUDKpX">Charles IV</a> in 1918, after which Hungary became a republic. The kingdom was nominally restored during the "<a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%25E2%2580%25931946)/YCr6T5Y7">Regency</a>" of 1920–46, ending under the <a href="/facts/Hungary_in_World_War_II/2XUa1hfK">Soviet occupation</a> in 1946.
The Kingdom of Hungary was a <a href="/facts/Multiethnic/9HcGUDeP">multiethnic</a> state from its inception until the <a href="/facts/Treaty_of_Trianon/AgvrWJ1I">Treaty of Trianon</a> and it covered what is today <a href="/facts/Hungary/YRedQLtI">Hungary</a>, <a href="/facts/Slovakia/gmJwpwM3">Slovakia</a>, <a href="/facts/Transylvania/6MH7dvbq">Transylvania</a> and other parts of <a href="/facts/Romania/yolzk5cN">Romania</a>, <a href="/facts/Carpathian_Ruthenia/rCWLraVf">Carpathian Ruthenia</a> (now part of <a href="/facts/Ukraine/Qof0uqAj">Ukraine</a>), <a href="/facts/Vojvodina/xQLNdfCn">Vojvodina</a> (now part of <a href="/facts/Serbia/U0LVzPdI">Serbia</a>), the territory of <a href="/facts/Burgenland/Pf9wX83B">Burgenland</a> (now part of <a href="/facts/Austria/4qWIMIyc">Austria</a>), <a href="/facts/Me%25C4%2591imurje_(region)/L9g9Kd9J">Međimurje</a> (now part of <a href="/facts/Croatia/MSS0yyvw">Croatia</a>), <a href="/facts/Prekmurje/WlXDj1jf">Prekmurje</a> (now part of <a href="/facts/Slovenia/EcYU22W4">Slovenia</a>) and a few villages which are now part of <a href="/facts/Poland/eXJ7fd0D">Poland</a>. From 1102, it also included the <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(1102%25E2%2580%25931526)/kwfp0y8Q">Kingdom of Croatia</a>, being in <a href="/facts/Personal_union/cBjL324v">personal union</a> with it, united under the <a href="/facts/King_of_Hungary/224SmG9R">King of Hungary</a>.
According to Hungarian demographers, about 80 percent of the population was made up of <a href="/facts/Hungarians/Aqot45Va">Hungarians</a> before the <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Moh%25C3%25A1cs/fVS6YV1x">Battle of Mohács</a>, however in the mid-19th century out of a population of 14 million less than 6 million were Hungarian due to the resettlement policies and continuous immigration from neighboring countries. Major territorial changes made Hungary ethnically homogeneous after <a href="/facts/World_War_I/vITTUanQ">World War I</a>. More than nine-tenths of the population of modern Hungary is ethnically Hungarian and speaks <a href="/facts/Hungarian_language/nt4g0ano">Hungarian</a> as their mother tongue.
Today, the feast day of the first king <a href="/facts/Stephen_I_of_Hungary/coQ54M9W">Stephen I</a> (20 August) is a <a href="/facts/Public_holidays_in_Hungary/k1s9EE1Q">national holiday</a> in Hungary, commemorating the foundation of the state (Foundation Day).

Kingdom of Hungary open-in-new

Kingdom of Hungary