Ultra-large-scale systems

<p>Ultra-large-scale system (ULSS) is a term used in fields including <a href="/facts/Computer_Science/lN3pEyPz">Computer Science</a>, <a href="/facts/Software_Engineering/KX6cE9kz">Software Engineering</a> and <a href="/facts/Systems_Engineering/gFwRmkDp">Systems Engineering</a> to refer to <a href="/facts/Software/RP79lVSW">software</a> intensive systems with unprecedented amounts of <a href="/facts/Computer_hardware/8jSjsCNv">hardware</a>, lines of <a href="/facts/Source_code/o9J6Jv23">source code</a>, numbers of <a href="/facts/User_(computing)/zQRzG0KG">users</a>, and volumes of <a href="/facts/Data/AUBFN97o">data</a>. The scale of these systems gives rise to many problems: they will be developed and used by many <a href="/facts/Stakeholder_(corporate)/yN9L44ac">stakeholders</a> across multiple organizations, often with conflicting purposes and needs; they will be constructed from <a href="/facts/Heterogeneous/y84KQJxl">heterogeneous</a> parts with complex dependencies and emergent properties; they will be continuously evolving; and software, hardware and human failures will be the norm, not the exception. The term 'ultra-large-scale system' was introduced by Northrop and others to describe challenges facing the <a href="/facts/United_States_Department_of_Defense/dWAvf7e3">United States Department of Defense</a>. The term has subsequently been used to discuss challenges in many areas, including the computerization of <a href="/facts/Financial_market/T8g8qFT5">financial markets</a>. The term "ultra-large-scale system" (ULSS) is sometimes used interchangeably with the term "large-scale complex IT system" (LSCITS). These two terms were introduced at similar times to describe similar problems, the former being coined in the United States and the latter in the United Kingdom.
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Ultra-large-scale systems open-in-new

Ultra-large-scale systems