Hussein of Jordan

Hussein bin Talal was <a href="/facts/King_of_Jordan/CfH6UWN5">King of Jordan</a> from 11 August 1952 until <a href="/facts/Death_and_state_funeral_of_King_Hussein/N29pmHnv">his death</a> in 1999. As a member of the <a href="/facts/Hashemites/IESwVa7f">Hashemite</a> dynasty, the royal family of <a href="/facts/Jordan/JC5sS1oJ">Jordan</a> since 1921, Hussein was a <a href="/facts/Hashemites_family_tree/IESwVa7f">40th-generation</a> <a href="/facts/Sayyid/g5BAtTrk">direct descendant</a> of the <a href="/facts/Islam/zDLbL45C">Islamic</a> prophet <a href="/facts/Muhammad/5VcA7XrT">Muhammad</a>.
Hussein was born in <a href="/facts/Amman/eGCyJk1L">Amman</a> as the eldest child of <a href="/facts/Talal_bin_Abdullah/a67wWBIR">Talal bin Abdullah</a> and <a href="/facts/Zein_al-Sharaf_bint_Jamil/Yez3eHfj">Zein Al-Sharaf</a>. Talal was at that time the heir to his own father, <a href="/facts/King_Abdullah_I/SELbyU44">King Abdullah I</a>. Hussein began his schooling in Amman, continuing his education abroad. After Talal became king in 1951, Hussein was named <a href="/facts/Heir_apparent/XMlhNjEY">heir apparent</a>. The <a href="/facts/Jordanian_Parliament/qIQr5TWz">Jordanian Parliament</a> forced Talal to <a href="/facts/Abdicate/ptcIGUdn">abdicate</a> a year later due to his illness, and a <a href="/facts/Regency_council/K0JDrJ6K">regency council</a> was appointed until Hussein came of age. He was enthroned at the age of 17 on 2 May 1953. Hussein was married four separate times and fathered eleven children.
Hussein, a <a href="/facts/Constitutional_monarch/C0TtVRq8">constitutional monarch</a>, started his rule by allowing the formation of the <a href="/facts/Suleiman_Nabulsi%2527s_cabinet/mcBNL72k">only democratically elected</a> government in Jordan's history in <a href="/facts/1956_Jordanian_general_election/s3EGC1sx">1956</a>, which he <a href="/facts/1957_alleged_Jordanian_military_coup_attempt/YgLGNA8z">forced to resign</a> a few months later, declaring <a href="/facts/Martial_law/fUKQMx0b">martial law</a> and banning political parties. Under Hussein, Jordan fought three wars with Israel, including the 1967 <a href="/facts/Six-Day_War/xM8d0Wy1">Six-Day War</a>, which ended in Jordan's loss of the <a href="/facts/West_Bank/xzTTVNJl">West Bank</a>. In 1970, Hussein expelled <a href="/facts/Palestinian_fedayeen/S3xbh408">Palestinian militants</a> from Jordan in what became known as <a href="/facts/Black_September/ga7jYcgt">Black September</a>. The King <a href="/facts/Jordanian_disengagement_from_the_West_Bank/6xHJq8Rz">renounced Jordan's ties</a> to the West Bank in 1988 after the <a href="/facts/Palestine_Liberation_Organization/9Kk16qMp">Palestine Liberation Organization</a> was recognized internationally as the sole representative of the Palestinians. He lifted martial law and reintroduced <a href="/facts/Elections_in_Jordan/us6hV9xP">elections</a> in <a href="/facts/1989_Jordanian_general_election/Uflmdzaj">1989</a> when <a href="/facts/1989_Jordanian_protests/TqMGsutQ">riots over price hikes</a> spread in southern Jordan. In 1994 he became the second Arab head of state to sign <a href="/facts/Israel%25E2%2580%2593Jordan_peace_treaty/GT3LPRgv">a peace treaty</a> with Israel.
At the time of Hussein's accession in 1953, Jordan was a young nation and <a href="/facts/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank/6xHJq8Rz">controlled</a> the <a href="/facts/West_Bank/xzTTVNJl">West Bank</a>. The country had few natural resources, and a large Palestinian refugee population as a result of the <a href="/facts/1948_Palestine_War/lGFHlU7R">1948 Palestine War</a>. Hussein led his country through four turbulent decades of the <a href="/facts/Arab%25E2%2580%2593Israeli_conflict/2MYWXMWk">Arab–Israeli conflict</a> and the <a href="/facts/Cold_War/spJdJQ3q">Cold War</a>, successfully balancing pressures from <a href="/facts/Arab_nationalists/AJAwbyX8">Arab nationalists</a>, <a href="/facts/Islamists/4u3G2nEf">Islamists</a>, the <a href="/facts/Soviet_Union/m7wWsPto">Soviet Union</a>, <a href="/facts/Western_countries/UQl4e7du">Western countries</a>, and Israel, transforming Jordan by the end of his 46-year reign into a stable modern state. After 1967 he engaged in efforts to solve the <a href="/facts/Israeli%25E2%2580%2593Palestinian_conflict/JU7ynqCl">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>. He acted as a conciliatory intermediate between various Middle Eastern rivals, and came to be seen as the region's peacemaker. He was revered for pardoning political dissidents and opponents, and giving them senior posts in the government. Hussein, who survived dozens of assassination attempts and plots to overthrow him, was the region's longest-reigning leader. He died at the age of 63 from cancer in 1999 and was succeeded by his eldest son, Abdullah II.

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Hussein of Jordan