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English philosopher

English philosopher (1910–1989)

French writer and philosopher

British writer and lecturer

Alasdair MacIntyre

Scottish philosopher (1929–2025)

Albert Schweitzer

French-German physician, theologian, musician and philosopher (1875-1965)

Aleksey Khomyakov

Russian philosopher

Alfred North Whitehead

English mathematician and philosopher (1861–1947)

Alfred Rosenberg

Nazi theorist and war criminal

British analytic and evidentialist philosopher

Arthur Schopenhauer

German philosopher (1788–1860)

18th c. French philosopher and pioneer of positivism

Benedetto Croce

Italian philosopher

Benjamin Constant

French-Swiss politician, writer on politics and religion (1767-1830)

Bernard Bosanquet (philosopher)

English philosopher

Bernard Lonergan

Canadian philosopher and theologian

Bernard Stiegler

French philosopher (1952–2020)

Bernard Williams

English moral philosopher

Bernard-Henri Lévy

French philosopher

Bertrand Russell

British philosopher and logician (1872–1970)

Charles Sanders Peirce

American thinker who founded pragmatism (1839–1914)

Charles Taylor (philosopher)

Canadian philosopher (born 1931)

American philosopher and political activist (born 1953)

Japanese scholar who popularized Zen Buddhism in the West

American philosopher (1942–2024)

Canadian philosopher

David Lewis (philosopher)

American philosopher (1941–2001)

Australian philosopher (1927-1994)

British philosopher (1942–2017)

Dominique Lecourt

French philosopher (born 1944)

Donald Davidson (philosopher)

American philosopher (1917–2003)

Douglas Hofstadter

American professor of cognitive science (born 1945)

German philosopher, known as the father of phenomenology

Austrian philosopher, historian, journalist, actor, cabaret performer (Kabarettist) and theatre critic

Finnish philosopher and psychologist (1890-1958)

Romanian philosopher, aphorist and essayist (1911–1995)

Emmanuel Levinas

French philosopher

German philosopher (1874–1945)

British philosopher

Félix Guattari

Institutional psychotherapist, philosopher, and semiologist

Chinese philosopher (1895-1990)

French West Indian psychiatrist, philosopher (1925–1961)

Friedrich Hölderlin

German poet and philosopher (1770-1843)

Friedrich Nietzsche

German philosopher

Friedrich Schleiermacher

German theologian, philosopher, and biblical scholar

Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling

German philosopher

G. E. M. Anscombe

British analytic philosopher

British philosopher

French philosopher, playwright and music critic

Gaston Bachelard

French writer and philosopher (1884-1962)

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

German philosopher (1770–1831)

George Santayana

Spanish-American philosopher

Georges Bataille

French intellectual and literary figure (1897–1962)

Georges Canguilhem

French philosopher

French philosopher

English philosopher

French philosopher (1925–1995)

Giorgio Agamben

Italian philosopher

György Lukács

Hungarian philosopher and critic

German American historian and philosopher (1906–1975)

Hans-Georg Gadamer

German philosopher

French philosopher

Henry David Thoreau

19th-century American essayist, poet and philosopher

British, Irish theologian (1926–2001)

German philosopher

American mathematician

Houston Stewart Chamberlain

British-born German anti-Semitic philosopher

American philosopher

Hungarian philosopher of mathematics and science

British philosopher and social and political theorist

Austrian philosopher and theologist

English philosopher

Australian philosopher

Jaakko Hintikka

Finnish philosopher and logician

Jacques Derrida

French philosopher (1930–2004)

Jean-François Lyotard

French philosopher, sociologist, and literary theorist (1924-1998)

French philosopher (born 1940)

Jean-Paul Sartre

French existentialist philosopher (1905–1980)

American philosopher

Johann Friedrich Herbart

German philosopher, psychologist, and founder of pedagogy as an academic discipline

American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer

John Fiske (philosopher)

American philosopher and historian

English philosopher of religion and theologian

South African philosopher and academic

American political philosopher

American philosopher

John Stuart Mill

British philosopher and political economist

José Ortega y Gasset

Spanish philosopher and essayist

American philosopher

American feminist gender studies philosopher (born 1956)

Judith Jarvis Thomson

American philosopher

Bulgarian-French philosopher, psychoanalyst & academic

Italian radical-right philosopher and esotericist (1898–1974)

Jürgen Habermas

German sociologist and philosopher

Psychiatrist and philosopher from Germany

German philosopher

Austrian-British philosopher of science

Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz

Polish philosopher and logician (1890-1963)

Leonard Peikoff

Canadian-American philosopher

Russian existentialist philosopher (1866 – 1938)

Louis Althusser

French Marxist philosopher (1918–1990)

French politician and philosopher

Ludwig Büchner

German philosopher and scientist (1824-1899)

Ludwig Feuerbach

German philosopher and anthropologist (1804-1872)

Ludwig Wittgenstein

Austrian philosopher and logician (1889–1951)

Argentine-Canadian philosopher

Marshall McLuhan

Canadian philosopher and communications scholar (1911–1980)

Martha Nussbaum

American philosopher and academic

German-Israeli philosopher (1878–1965)

Martin Heidegger

German philosopher (1889–1976)

American radical feminist philosopher and theologian

British philosopher and ethicist

Maurice Blanchot

French writer, philosopher, and literary theorist

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

French phenomenological philosopher (1908–1961)

German philosopher (1874-1928)

German philosopher

Michael Polanyi

Hungarian-British polymath

Michel Foucault

French philosopher

French philosopher and writer

Miguel de Unamuno

Spanish writer (1864–1936)

German philosopher (1882-1936)

Chinese philosopher and translator

Nikolai Fyodorov (philosopher)

Russian philosopher and life extensionist

Nikolay Chernyshevsky

Russian writer and nihilist philosopher (1828–1889)

Oswald Spengler

German historian and philosopher

Austrian economist, philosopher and sociologist

Patricia Churchland

Canadian-American analytic philosopher

Paul Feyerabend

Austrian philosopher of science (1924–1994)

French philosopher

Pavel Florensky

Russian Orthodox priest, theologian, philosopher, engineer, inventor and polymath

Australian moral philosopher

Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe

French philosopher, literary critic, and translator

French physicist (1861–1916)

Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar

Indian spiritual Guru, philosopher, social reformer and composer

Pyotr Chaadayev

Russian philosopher (1794-1856)

R. G. Collingwood

British historian and philosopher (1889–1943)

British moral philosopher

Ralph Waldo Emerson

American philosopher, essayist, and poet

French philosopher, sociologist, journalist and political scientist (1905–1983)

Rebecca Goldstein

American novelist, short story writer, biographer, philosopher

American philosopher

Robert M. Pirsig

American writer and philosopher (1928–2017)

American political philosopher (1938-2002)

English conservative philosopher

American legal philosopher

German philosopher and logician

Rudolf Christoph Eucken

19th/20th-century German philosopher

Austrian esotericist (1861–1925)

American philosopher and neuroscientist (born 1967)

US American philosopher and logician

Simon Blackburn

English academic philosopher (born 1944)

Simone de Beauvoir

French philosopher, social theorist and activist (1908–1986)

Slovenian philosopher (born 1949)

Søren Kierkegaard

Danish theologian, philosopher, poet and social critic (1813–1855)

Surendranath Dasgupta

Bengali scholar of Sanskrit and philosophy

British philosopher (1836-1882)

Chinese philosopher

Theodore Parker

American transcendalist

Scottish essayist, historian and philosopher (1795–1881)

American historian, physicist and philosopher

American philosopher

French philosopher

Czech philosopher and photographer

Vladimir Solovyov (philosopher)

Russian philosopher

Willard Van Orman Quine

American philosopher and logician (1908–2000)

American philosopher

American philosopher, psychologist, and pragmatist (1842–1910)

William Whewell

19th-century English scientist and theologian

Chinese essayist and philosopher (1885-1968)

Chinese translator