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31st parallel north

The 31st parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 31 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Africa, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean. At this latitude the sun is visible for 14 hours, 10 minutes during the summer solstice and 10 hours, 8 minutes during the winter solstice.¹

Part of the border between Iran and Iraq is defined by the parallel.

In the United States, it defines part of the border between the states of Mississippi and Louisiana, and most of the border between Alabama and Florida. Andrew Ellicott surveyed this parallel in 1797, which in Pinckney's Treaty two years before had been defined as the border between the United States and the Spanish territory of West Florida.

Around the world

Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 31° north passes through:

32nd parallel north

The 32nd parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 32 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Africa, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.

In the United States, the parallel defines part of the border between New Mexico and Texas. It was the proposed route of the Texas Pacific Railroad.²

From 27 August 1992 to 4 September 1996, the parallel defined the limit of the southern no-fly zone in Iraq as part of Operation Southern Watch. This limit was then moved to the 33rd parallel north.³

At this latitude the sun is visible for 14 hours, 15 minutes during the summer solstice and 10 hours, 3 minutes during the winter solstice.⁴

Around the world

Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 32° north passes through:

33rd parallel north

The 33rd parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 33 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It is approximate at the midpoint between the equator (0 degrees) and the Arctic Circle (66.6 degrees North Latitude.) It crosses North Africa, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America and the Atlantic Ocean.

In Iraq, the parallel defined the limit of the southern no-fly zone from 4 September 1996 to 30 August 2003. (Before this time, it had been set at the 32nd parallel north) as part of Operation Southern Watch.⁵

In the United States, it approximately forms the border between Arkansas in the north and Louisiana on the south. (The border is actually a couple of kilometres north of the parallel.) The Louisiana Territory was that part of the 1803 Louisiana Purchase which lay north of the 33rd parallel.

The parallel is part of the horse latitudes.

At this latitude the sun is visible for 14 hours, 20 minutes during the summer solstice and 9 hours, 58 minutes during the winter solstice.⁶

Around the world

Starting at the prime meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 33° north passes through:

34th parallel north

For 34th parallel south, see 34th parallel south.

The 34th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 34 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America and the Atlantic Ocean.

The parallel formed the southern boundary of the original Colony of Virginia as outlined in the London Company charter.⁷

In the Confederate States, the parallel formed the northern boundary of Arizona Territory.⁸

At this latitude the sun is visible for 14 hours, 25 minutes during the summer solstice and 9 hours, 53 minutes during the winter solstice.⁹

Around the world

Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 34° north passes through:

35th parallel north

The 35th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 35 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America and the Atlantic Ocean.

In the United States, the parallel defines the southern border of Tennessee, and the border between North Carolina and Georgia, as well as the tripoint of Arizona–California–Nevada.

At this northern latitude, the Sun is visible for 14 hours, 31 minutes on its summer solstice (in June) and for 9 hours, 48 minutes on its winter solstice (in December).¹⁰

This parallel is sometimes used to define the northern boundary of the subtropics.

Around the world

Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 35° north passes through:

See also

• Circles of latitude between the 25th parallel north and the 30th parallel north
• Circles of latitude between the 35th parallel north and the 40th parallel north
• Country Club Dispute

References

1. "Duration of Daylight/Darkness Table for One Year". U.S. Naval Observatory. 2019-09-24. Archived from the original on 2019-10-12. Retrieved 2021-03-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20191012094319/http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/Dur_OneYear.php ↩

2. Means, Richard Nathaniel Griffith (August 2001). Empire, Progress, and the American Southwest: The Texas and Pacific Railroad, 1850-1882 (PhD thesis). University of Southern Mississippi. ProQuest 304724941. https://www.proquest.com/docview/304724941 ↩

3. "Containment: The Iraqi no-fly zones". BBC News. 29 December 1998. Retrieved 4 February 2012. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/crisis_in_the_gulf/forces_and_firepower/244364.stm ↩

4. "Duration of Daylight/Darkness Table for One Year". U.S. Naval Observatory. 2019-09-24. Archived from the original on 2019-10-12. Retrieved 2021-03-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20191012094319/http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/Dur_OneYear.php ↩

5. "Containment: The Iraqi no-fly zones". BBC News. 29 December 1998. Retrieved 4 February 2012. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/crisis_in_the_gulf/forces_and_firepower/244364.stm ↩

6. "Duration of Daylight/Darkness Table for One Year". U.S. Naval Observatory. 2019-09-24. Archived from the original on 2019-10-12. Retrieved 2021-03-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20191012094319/http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/Dur_OneYear.php ↩

7. "The First Charter of Virginia; April 10, 1606". The Avalon Project. 2008. http://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/va01.asp ↩

8. "Confederate Statutes - CHAP. XLIV.--An Act to organize the Territory of Arizona - 1862, Jan. 18". http://docsouth.unc.edu/imls/19conf/19conf.html#p242 ↩

9. "Duration of Daylight/Darkness Table for One Year". Archived from the original on 2007-12-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20071223025623/http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/Dur_OneYear.php ↩

10. "Duration of Daylight/Darkness Table for One Year". U.S. Naval Observatory. 2019-09-24. Archived from the original on 2019-10-12. Retrieved 2021-03-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20191012094319/http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/Dur_OneYear.php ↩