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Anacleto Formation
Geologic formation in Argentina

The Anacleto Formation is a geologic formation with outcrops in the Argentine Patagonian provinces of Mendoza, Río Negro, and Neuquén. It is the youngest formation within the Neuquén Group and belongs to the Río Colorado Subgroup. Formerly that subgroup was treated as a formation, and the Anacleto Formation was known as the Anacleto Member.

The type locality of this formation lies 40 kilometres (25 mi) west of the city of Neuquén. At its base, the Anacleto Formation conformably overlies the Bajo de la Carpa Formation, also of the Río Colorado Subgroup, and it is in turn unconformably overlain by the Allen Formation of the younger Malargüe Group.

The Anacleto Formation varies between 60 and 90 metres (200 and 300 ft) thick, and consists mainly of claystones and mudstones, purple and dark red in color, deposited in fluvial, lacustrine and floodplain environments. Geodes are often found scattered throughout this formation.

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Fossil content

Color key
TaxonReclassified taxonTaxon falsely reported as presentDubious taxon or junior synonymIchnotaxonOotaxonMorphotaxon
Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

The following animals are known from bones found in the Anacleto Formation:

Crocodylomorphs

Crocodylomorphs reported from the Anacleto Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
GasparinisuchusG. peirosauroidesCañadón Amarrillo, south Malargüe city, Mendoza Province.4PV-CRIDC-12 (right premaxilla and maxilla, isolated teeth, and part of the postcranial skeleton).5A peirosaurid also known from the Bajo de la Carpa Formation.
PeirosaurusP. torminniCañadón Amarrillo, south Malargüe city, Mendoza Province.6PV-CRIDC-12 (right premaxilla and maxilla, isolated teeth, and part of the postcranial skeleton).7Specimen reassigned to Gasparinisuchus.

Dinosaurs

Ornithischians

Ornithischians reported from the Anacleto Formation
GenusSpeciesStratigraphic positionPresenceMaterialNotesImages
GasparinisauraG. cincosaltensisCinco Saltos, Río Negro Province.8Multiple specimens.9A small ornithopod.

Sauropods

Nests of dinosaur eggs, many with preserved embryos inside, have been discovered in large quantities at the famous Auca Mahuevo locality, and have been attributed to titanosaurs.10

Sauropods reported from the Anacleto Formation
GenusSpeciesStratigraphic PositionPresenceMaterialNotesImages
AntarctosaurusA. wichmannianus11A titanosaur.
BarrosasaurusB. casamiquelaiLowerNeuquén Province.12Vertebrae.13A titanosaur.
Chadititan14C. calvoiLowerGeneral Roca city, Río Negro Province.A few fragment holotype consists of caudal vertebrae, partial humeri, femur bone, ulna, and pubis.A titanosaur.
LaplatasaurusL. araukanicusUppermostSeveral localities in Patagonia.15Multiple specimens.16A titanosaur.
NarambuenatitanN. palomoiLowerRemains of a subadult.17A titanosaur.
NeuquensaurusN. australisUppermostCinco Saltos, Río Negro Province.18Six caudal vertebrae.A saltasaurine.
PitekunsaurusP. macayai"Braincase, left frontal, one tooth, four cervical vertebrae, three dorsal vertebrae, four caudal vertebrae, right ulna and scapula, proximal extreme of left femur, rib fragments and uncertain remains".19A titanosaur.
TeratopodusT. malarguensisSouthern Mendoza Province.20Footprint trackways.21A titanosaur ichnotaxon.

Theropods

The oldest known unequivocal bird footprints from South America were discovered in the Anacleto Formation. The small footprints were tentatively assigned to the ichnogenus Aquatilavipes and might have been produced by Patagopteryx (whose fossils were only found in the Bajo de la Carpa Formation however) or some unknown wader-like bird; they lack a hind toe. Ignotornis refers to similar footprints made by larger birds with a small hind toe; they might have been left by Neuquenornis, but this is also only known from the Bajo de la Carpa Formation. Footprints of these two ichnogenera have also been found elsewhere, but it must be understood that assignment to the same ichnogenus does not imply a close relatedness of the organisms that produced these traces, only a similar morphology.22

Even smaller and somewhat unusual footprints assigned to Barrosopus are only known from the Anacleto Formation. They were almost certainly made by some tiny theropod, but whether this was a bird is not quite clear: the innermost front toes of the animal leaving these tracks attached in a position higher than the others. In that, and in their dimensions, they are a very close match for the odd-footed enantiornithine bird Yungavolucris brevipedalis, but this is only known from the Maastrichtian Lecho Formation which is some 10 million years younger.23

Theropods reported from the Anacleto Formation
GenusSpeciesStratigraphic PositionPresenceMaterialNotesImages
AbelisauridaeIndeterminateLowerNorthwest Patagonia.2425MPCN-PV 69, consisting of a partial premaxilla, fragmentary vertebrae, proximal portion of both humeri, distal portion of the pubis, and an incomplete pedal ungual.2627An indeterminate abelisaurid.
AbelisaurusA. comahuensisLago Pellegrini stone quarries.28Skull.29An abelisaurid, originally thought to be from the Allen Formation.
AerosteonA. riocoloradensis"Cañadon Amarillo (S 37.5°, W 70.5°), north of Cerro Colorado, 1 km north of the Río Colorado near the southern border of Mendoza Province, Argentina."30Skeletal remains.31A megaraptorid.
AucasaurusA. garridoiUpperAuca Mahuevo.32Skeleton of an adult (MCF-PVPH-236).33An abelisaurid.
Megaraptora indet.IndeterminateUpperAuca Mahuevo.34MCF-PVPH-416, a fragmentary pubic boot with unfused proximal symphysial contact.35A large megaraptoran.

Squamates

Squamates reported from the Anacleto Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
DinilysiaD. sp.Aguada Toledo, south of Mari Menuco Lake.3624 articulated mid-posterior trunk vertebrae with the base of their respective ribs (UNC-CIP 1).37A large snake.

Testudines

Testudines reported from the Anacleto Formation
GenusSpeciesStratigraphic PositionPresenceMaterialNotesImages
ProchelidellaP. palomoiAguada Grande site, Neuquén Province.38A partially preserved skull, carapace remains, an almost complete plastron, and a left ilium (MAU-Pv-AG-452).39A chelid turtle.
YaminuechelysY. aff. maiorLowerNeuquén Province.40Two specimens (MAU-Pv-N-475 & MAU-Pv-PR-455).41A long-necked chelid turtle.

See also

  • Geology portal
  • Paleontology portal

Bibliography

Further reading

  • S. Brizuela and A. Albino. 2011. A Scincomorpha lizard from the Campanian of Patagonia. Cretaceous Research 32:781-785
  • I. A. Cerda. 2008. Gastroliths in an ornithopod dinosaur. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 53(2):351-355
  • L. M. Chiappe, R. A. Coria, L. Dingus, F. Jackson, A. Chinsamy and M. Fox. 1998. Sauropod dinosaur embryos from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Nature 396:258-261
  • R. A. Coria and L. M. Chiappe. 2000. Un nuevo terópodo abelisaurio de la Fm. Río Colorado (Cretácico Superior) de la Provincia del Neuquén [A new abelisaur theropod from the Río Colorado Fm. (Upper Cretaceous) of Neuquén province]. Actas XVI Jornadas Argentinas de Paleontología de Vertebrado, San Luis, Argentina 13
  • L. S. Filippi and A. C. Garrido. 2012. Nuevo registro del género Dinilysia (Squamata, Serpentes) para la Formación Anacleto (Campaniano inferior-medio), Rincón de los Sauces, Neuquén, Argentina. Ameghiniana 49(1):132-136
  • B. J. González Riga. 2011. Speeds and stance of titanosaur sauropods: analysis of Titanopodus tracks from the Late Cretaceous of Mendoza, Argentina. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 83(1):279-290
  • A. M. Praderio, A. G. Martinelli, and C. R. A. Candeiro. 2008. Mesoeucrocodilos en el Cretácico de Malargüe: primer registro de Peirosaurus tormini (Crocodyliformes, Peirosauridae) para la provincia de Mendoza (Argentina). Actas del 4to. Encuentro Internacional del International Center of Earth Sciences (E-ICES-4), Malargüe, Mendoza 1-7
  • L. Salgado, S. Apesteguía, and S. Heredia. 2005. A new specimen of Neuquensaurus australis, a Late Cretaceous saltasaurine titanosaur from North Patagonia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25(3):623-634
  • L. Salgado, R. A. Coria, and S. E. Heredia. 1996. Nuevos materiales de ornitópodos (Ornithischia) en la Formación Rio Colorado (Cretácico Superior) de la Provincia de Rio Negro [New materials of ornithopods (Ornithischia) in the Rio Colorado Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Rio Negro province]. Ameghiniana 33(4):471
  • P. C. Sereno, R. N. Martínez, J. A. Wilson, D. J. Varricchio, O. A. Alcober and H. C. E. Larsson. 2008. Evidence for avian intrathoracic air sacs in a new predatory dinosaur from Argentina. PLoS ONE 3(9):e3303:1-20

References

  1. Sánchez et al. (2006)

  2. Fossa Mancini et al. (1938), Leanza et al. (2004)

  3. Leanza et al. (2004), Sánchez et al. (2006)

  4. Martinelli, Agustín G.; Sertich, Joseph J.W.; Garrido, Alberto C.; Praderio, Ángel M. (2012). "A new peirosaurid from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina: Implications for specimens referred to Peirosaurus torminni Price (Crocodyliformes: Peirosauridae)". Cretaceous Research. 37: 191–200. Bibcode:2012CrRes..37..191M. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2012.03.017. ISSN 0195-6671. https://www.academia.edu/1964846

  5. Martinelli, Agustín G.; Sertich, Joseph J.W.; Garrido, Alberto C.; Praderio, Ángel M. (2012). "A new peirosaurid from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina: Implications for specimens referred to Peirosaurus torminni Price (Crocodyliformes: Peirosauridae)". Cretaceous Research. 37: 191–200. Bibcode:2012CrRes..37..191M. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2012.03.017. ISSN 0195-6671. https://www.academia.edu/1964846

  6. Martinelli, Agustín G.; Sertich, Joseph J.W.; Garrido, Alberto C.; Praderio, Ángel M. (2012). "A new peirosaurid from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina: Implications for specimens referred to Peirosaurus torminni Price (Crocodyliformes: Peirosauridae)". Cretaceous Research. 37: 191–200. Bibcode:2012CrRes..37..191M. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2012.03.017. ISSN 0195-6671. https://www.academia.edu/1964846

  7. Martinelli, Agustín G.; Sertich, Joseph J.W.; Garrido, Alberto C.; Praderio, Ángel M. (2012). "A new peirosaurid from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina: Implications for specimens referred to Peirosaurus torminni Price (Crocodyliformes: Peirosauridae)". Cretaceous Research. 37: 191–200. Bibcode:2012CrRes..37..191M. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2012.03.017. ISSN 0195-6671. https://www.academia.edu/1964846

  8. Salgado, Leonardo; Coria, Rodolfo A.; Heredia, Susana E. (1997). "New Materials of Gasparinisaura cincosaltensis (Ornithischia, Ornithopoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina". Journal of Paleontology. 71 (5): 933–940. Bibcode:1997JPal...71..933S. doi:10.1017/S0022336000035861. ISSN 0022-3360. JSTOR 1306569. S2CID 132358890. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1306569

  9. Salgado, Leonardo; Coria, Rodolfo A.; Heredia, Susana E. (1997). "New Materials of Gasparinisaura cincosaltensis (Ornithischia, Ornithopoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina". Journal of Paleontology. 71 (5): 933–940. Bibcode:1997JPal...71..933S. doi:10.1017/S0022336000035861. ISSN 0022-3360. JSTOR 1306569. S2CID 132358890. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1306569

  10. Salgado et al. (2005), Sánchez et al. (2006)

  11. von Huene, F. (1929). "Los saurisquios y ornitisquios del Cretáceo Argentino". Anales del Museo de la Plata (in Spanish). 3 (3): 1–196.

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  13. SALGADO, LEONARDO; CORIA, RODOLFO A. (2009-09-07). "Barrosasaurus casamiquelai gen. et sp. nov., a new titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Anacleto Formation (Late Cretaceous: early Campanian) of Sierra Barrosa (Neuquén, Argentina)". Zootaxa. 2222 (1): 1–16. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2222.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334. https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2222.1.1

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  15. Gallina, Pablo Ariel (October 2015). "Reassessment of Laplatasaurus araukanicus (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina". Ameghiniana. 52 (5): 487–501. doi:10.5710/AMGH.08.06.2015.2911. S2CID 131595654. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279251784

  16. Gallina, Pablo Ariel (October 2015). "Reassessment of Laplatasaurus araukanicus (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina". Ameghiniana. 52 (5): 487–501. doi:10.5710/AMGH.08.06.2015.2911. S2CID 131595654. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279251784

  17. "A new titanosaur sauropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of North Patagonia, Argentina - Acta Palaeontologica Polonica". www.app.pan.pl. Retrieved 2022-12-07. https://www.app.pan.pl/article/item/app20100019.html

  18. Salgado, Leonardo; Apesteguía, Sebastián; Heredia, Susana E. (2005). "A New Specimen of Neuquensaurus australis, a Late Cretaceous Saltasaurine Titanosaur from North Patagonia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (3): 623–634. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0623:ANSONA]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0272-4634. JSTOR 4524482. S2CID 85606492. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4524482

  19. Filippi, L.; Garrido, Alberto (September 2008). "Pitekunsaurus macayai gen. et sp. nov., New titanosaur (Saurischia, Sauropoda) From Upper Cretaceous NeuquéN Basin, Argentina". Ameghiniana. 45 (3): 575–590. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289801911

  20. Tomaselli, María Belén; Ortiz David, Leonardo Daniel; González Riga, Bernardo Javier; Coria, Juan Pedro; Mercado, Claudio Ramón; Guerra, Mauricio; Sánchez Tiviroli, Germán (2022-01-01). "New titanosaurian sauropod tracks with exceptionally well-preserved claw impressions from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina". Cretaceous Research. 129: 104990. Bibcode:2022CrRes.12904990T. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104990. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 238695181. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S019566712100238X

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  23. Chiappe (1993), Coria et al. (2002), Lockley et al. (2006)

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  40. de la Fuente, Marcelo S.; Maniel, Ignacio J.; Jannello, Juan M.; Filippi, Leonardo S.; Cerda, Ignacio (2015-09-01). "Long-necked chelid turtles from the Campanian of northwestern Patagonia with comments on K/P survivorship of the genus Yaminuechelys". Comptes Rendus Palevol. A tribute to France de Lapparent de Broin / Un hommage à France de Lapparent de Broin. 14 (6): 563–576. Bibcode:2015CRPal..14..563D. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2015.04.008. hdl:11336/57605. ISSN 1631-0683. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.crpv.2015.04.008

  41. de la Fuente, Marcelo S.; Maniel, Ignacio J.; Jannello, Juan M.; Filippi, Leonardo S.; Cerda, Ignacio (2015-09-01). "Long-necked chelid turtles from the Campanian of northwestern Patagonia with comments on K/P survivorship of the genus Yaminuechelys". Comptes Rendus Palevol. A tribute to France de Lapparent de Broin / Un hommage à France de Lapparent de Broin. 14 (6): 563–576. Bibcode:2015CRPal..14..563D. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2015.04.008. hdl:11336/57605. ISSN 1631-0683. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.crpv.2015.04.008