In geometry, John Horton Conway defines architectonic and catoptric tessellations as the uniform tessellations (or honeycombs) of Euclidean 3-space with prime space groups and their duals, as three-dimensional analogue of the Platonic, Archimedean, and Catalan tiling of the plane. The singular vertex figure of an architectonic tessellation is the dual of the cell of the corresponding catoptric tessellation, and vice versa. The cubille is the only Platonic (regular) tessellation of 3-space, and is self-dual. There are other uniform honeycombs constructed as gyrations or prismatic stacks (and their duals) which are excluded from these categories.
Enumeration
The pairs of architectonic and catoptric tessellations are listed below with their symmetry group. These tessellations only represent four symmetry space groups, and also all within the cubic crystal system. Many of these tessellations can be defined in multiple symmetry groups, so in each case the highest symmetry is expressed.
| Ref.1indices | Symmetry | Architectonic tessellation | Catoptric tessellation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NameCoxeter diagramImage | Vertex figureImage | Cells | Name | Cell | Vertex figures | ||
| J11,15A1W1G22δ4 | nc[4,3,4] | Cubille(Cubic honeycomb) | Octahedron, | Cubille | Cube, | ||
| J12,32A15W14G7t1δ4 | nc[4,3,4] | Cuboctahedrille(Rectified cubic honeycomb) | Cuboid, | Oblate octahedrille | Isosceles square bipyramid | , | |
| J13A14W15G8t0,1δ4 | nc[4,3,4] | Truncated cubille(Truncated cubic honeycomb) | Isosceles square pyramid | Pyramidille | Isosceles square pyramid | , | |
| J14A17W12G9t0,2δ4 | nc[4,3,4] | 2-RCO-trille(Cantellated cubic honeycomb) | Wedge | Quarter oblate octahedrille | irr. Triangular bipyramid | , , | |
| J16A3W2G28t1,2δ4 | bc[[4,3,4]] | Truncated octahedrille(Bitruncated cubic honeycomb) | Tetragonal disphenoid | Oblate tetrahedrille | Tetragonal disphenoid | ||
| J17A18W13G25t0,1,2δ4 | nc[4,3,4] | n-tCO-trille(Cantitruncated cubic honeycomb) | Mirrored sphenoid | Triangular pyramidille | Mirrored sphenoid | , , | |
| J18A19W19G20t0,1,3δ4 | nc[4,3,4] | 1-RCO-trille(Runcitruncated cubic honeycomb) | Trapezoidal pyramid | Square quarter pyramidille | Irr. pyramid | , , , | |
| J19A22W18G27t0,1,2,3δ4 | bc[[4,3,4]] | b-tCO-trille(Omnitruncated cubic honeycomb) | Phyllic disphenoid | Eighth pyramidille | Phyllic disphenoid | , | |
| J21,31,51A2W9G1hδ4 | fc[4,31,1] | Tetroctahedrille(Tetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb) or | Cuboctahedron, | Dodecahedrille or | Rhombic dodecahedron, | , | |
| J22,34A21W17G10h2δ4 | fc[4,31,1] | truncated tetraoctahedrille(Truncated tetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb) or | Rectangular pyramid | Half oblate octahedrille or | rhombic pyramid | , , | |
| J23A16W11G5h3δ4 | fc[4,31,1] | 3-RCO-trille(Cantellated tetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb) or | Truncated triangular pyramid | Quarter cubille | irr. triangular bipyramid | ||
| J24A20W16G21h2,3δ4 | fc[4,31,1] | f-tCO-trille(Cantitruncated tetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb) or | Mirrored sphenoid | Half pyramidille | Mirrored sphenoid | ||
| J25,33A13W10G6qδ4 | d[[3[4]]] | Truncated tetrahedrille(Cyclotruncated tetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb) or | Isosceles triangular prism | Oblate cubille | Trigonal trapezohedron | ||
Vertex Figures
The vertex figures of all architectonic honeycombs, and the dual cells of all catoptric honeycombs are shown below, at the same scale and the same orientation:
Symmetry
These four symmetry groups are labeled as:
| Label | Description | space groupIntl symbol | Geometricnotation2 | Coxeternotation | Fibrifoldnotation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| bc | bicubic symmetryor extended cubic symmetry | (221) Im3m | I43 | [[4,3,4]] | 8°:2 |
| nc | normal cubic symmetry | (229) Pm3m | P43 | [4,3,4] | 4−:2 |
| fc | half-cubic symmetry | (225) Fm3m | F43 | [4,31,1] = [4,3,4,1+] | 2−:2 |
| d | diamond symmetryor extended quarter-cubic symmetry | (227) Fd3m | Fd4n3 | [[3[4]]] = [[1+,4,3,4,1+]] | 2+:2 |
- Crystallography of Quasicrystals: Concepts, Methods and Structures by Walter Steurer, Sofia Deloudi (2009), p. 54-55. 12 packings of 2 or more uniform polyhedra with cubic symmetry
Further reading
- Conway, John H.; Burgiel, Heidi; Goodman-Strauss, Chaim (2008). "21. Naming Archimedean and Catalan Polyhedra and Tilings". The Symmetries of Things. A K Peters, Ltd. pp. 292–298. ISBN 978-1-56881-220-5.
- Inchbald, Guy (July 1997). "The Archimedean honeycomb duals". The Mathematical Gazette. 81 (491). Leicester: The Mathematical Association: 213–219. doi:10.2307/3619198. JSTOR 3619198. [1]
- Branko Grünbaum, (1994) Uniform tilings of 3-space. Geombinatorics 4, 49 - 56.
- Norman Johnson (1991) Uniform Polytopes, Manuscript
- A. Andreini, (1905) Sulle reti di poliedri regolari e semiregolari e sulle corrispondenti reti correlative (On the regular and semiregular nets of polyhedra and on the corresponding correlative nets), Mem. Società Italiana della Scienze, Ser.3, 14 75–129. PDF [2]
- George Olshevsky, (2006) Uniform Panoploid Tetracombs, Manuscript PDF [3]
- Pearce, Peter (1980). Structure in Nature is a Strategy for Design. The MIT Press. pp. 41–47. ISBN 9780262660457.
- Kaleidoscopes: Selected Writings of H. S. M. Coxeter, edited by F. Arthur Sherk, Peter McMullen, Anthony C. Thompson, Asia Ivic Weiss, Wiley-Interscience Publication, 1995, ISBN 978-0-471-01003-6 [4]
- (Paper 24) H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes III, [Math. Zeit. 200 (1988) 3-45] See p318 [5]
References
For cross-referencing of Architectonic solids, they are given with list indices from Andreini (1-22), Williams(1-2,9-19), Johnson (11-19, 21-25, 31-34, 41-49, 51-52, 61-65), and Grünbaum(1-28). Coxeters names are based on δ4 as a cubic honeycomb, hδ4 as an alternated cubic honeycomb, and qδ4 as a quarter cubic honeycomb. /wiki/Cubic_honeycomb ↩
Hestenes, David; Holt, Jeremy (February 27, 2007). "Crystallographic space groups in geometric algebra" (PDF). Journal of Mathematical Physics. 48 (2). AIP Publishing LLC: 023514. doi:10.1063/1.2426416. ISSN 1089-7658. https://davidhestenes.net/geocalc/pdf/CrystalGA.pdf ↩