Code Lyoko is a French anime-influenced animated series created by Thomas Romain and Tania Palumbo, produced by Antefilms Production and MoonScoop for Cartoon Network and French channels. It follows teenagers who enter the virtual world of Lyoko to fight X.A.N.A., a malicious artificial intelligence. The real world is depicted with traditional animation, while Lyoko uses 3D CGI animation. The original series aired from 2003 to 2007 (France) and until 2008 (U.S.). A follow-up, Code Lyoko: Evolution, incorporated live action footage for real-world scenes, aired in 2012–2013 for one season, but ended without continuation due to MoonScoop’s bankruptcy in 2014.
Plot
Jeremy Belpois, an 8th grade prodigy attending boarding school at Kadic Academy, discovers a quantum supercomputer in an abandoned factory near his school. Upon activating it, he discovers a virtual world called Lyoko, consisting of four separate environments known as "sectors", and inhabited by an artificially intelligent girl named Aelita. He also finds out about X.A.N.A., a fully autonomous, malevolent, and highly intelligent multi-agent system, that also dwells within the Supercomputer. Using structures on Lyoko known as Towers to gain access to the real world, X.A.N.A. can possess electronics and other targets like a virus to wreak havoc. X.A.N.A. is determined to eliminate anyone aware of the Supercomputer's existence to achieve freedom to conquer Earth and destroy humanity.
In Season 1, Jeremy works tirelessly to materialize Aelita into the real world and stop attacks caused by X.A.N.A., being aided by his three friends, Odd Della Robbia, Ulrich Stern, and Yumi Ishiyama, collectively known as the Lyoko Warriors, whom he virtualizes into Lyoko through devices known as scanners. They achieve this by escorting Aelita to various Towers on Lyoko, all while under attack from hostile, X.A.N.A.-controlled programs known as monsters. Once a Tower is deactivated by Aelita, Jeremy can launch the "Return to the Past" program, which sends the world back in time to undo any damage caused by X.A.N.A., while anyone scanned into the Supercomputer retains their memory of the events. In the episode "Code: Earth," Aelita is finally materialized, but the group discovers that X.A.N.A. had planted a virus inside of her which will kill her if the Supercomputer is turned off. They realize that they cannot destroy X.A.N.A. without destroying Aelita in the process.
In Season 2, Aelita adjusts to life in the real world, while Jeremy attempts to develop an antivirus program to liberate her from X.A.N.A.'s influence. On Lyoko, a fifth sector is discovered and the group explores more of Lyoko's secrets and mysteries. The gang begins to uncover information about a mysterious man named Franz Hopper, the supposed creator of the Supercomputer, Lyoko, and X.A.N.A. who went missing ten years ago. Eventually it is discovered that Hopper is indeed alive somewhere, hiding in the uncharted parts of Lyoko to avoid X.A.N.A. All the while, X.A.N.A. attempts to steal the Keys to Lyoko, lines of code which it can use to flee the confines of the Supercomputer into the internet, from Aelita's memory. At the end of the season, the group discovers that Aelita is actually human and the biological daughter of Hopper, and rather than being infected with a virus, is instead missing some fragment of herself. In "The Key," X.A.N.A. tricks them with an imposter, thus succeeding in stealing Aelita's memory and escaping the Supercomputer. Aelita appears to perish as a result but is revived when Hopper restores her completely, along with her missing fragment: the memories of her life on Earth before she was virtualized on Lyoko.
In Season 3, X.A.N.A., no longer bound to the Supercomputer, seeks to destroy Lyoko by erasing each of its four surface sectors, until only Sector Five remains. Initially reluctant, the Lyoko Warriors decide to invite fellow Kadic student William Dunbar as the sixth member. Shortly after being virtualized, however, he is possessed by X.A.N.A. and proceeds to destroy the Core of Lyoko, destroying the virtual world and rendering the group unable to fight X.A.N.A., endangering the entire real world. After what they thought was their defeat, Jeremy receives a coded message from Hopper, which contains knowledge necessary for rebuilding Lyoko.
In Season 4, Jeremy and Aelita finish reconstructing Lyoko, and construct a digital submarine known as the Skidbladnir to travel across the Digital Sea to destroy X.A.N.A.'s "Replikas," copies of Lyoko's sectors linked to X.A.N.A.-controlled supercomputers on Earth, all created for its goal of world domination. X.A.N.A. uses William as a weapon throughout the season to defend the Replikas and target the Lyoko Warriors. To prevent suspicion regarding William's disappearance, Jeremy manages to program a specter to take William's place at Kadic, although its seemingly unintelligent behavior confuses teachers and students alike. Near the end of the season, X.A.N.A. decides to draw energy from all of its Replikas to create the Kolossus, a gigantic monster which later destroys the Skidbladnir. After eventually being released from X.A.N.A.'s control thanks to Jeremy's efforts, William has a difficult time regaining the trust of the group. While Ulrich defeats the Kolossus, Hopper sacrifices himself to power Jeremy's "anti-X.A.N.A. program," which destroys X.A.N.A. forever upon activation. Shortly after, the group, albeit reluctant due to their nostalgia, decides to shut down the Supercomputer.
Characters
Lyoko Warriors
- Jeremy Belpois
- Aelita Schaeffer
- Odd Della Robbia
- Ulrich Stern
- Yumi Ishiyama
- William Dunbar
Villains
- X.A.N.A.
- The Lyoko Monsters
Recurring characters
- Elisabeth "Sissi" Delmas
- Herb Pichon
- Nicolas Poliakoff
- Jean-Pierre Delmas
- Jim Morales
- Suzanne Hertz
- Milly Solovieff and Tamiya Diop
- Hiroki Ishiyama
- Takeho and Akiko Ishiyama
Supporting characters
- Waldo Franz Schaeffer
- Yolanda Perraudin
- Samantha "Sam" Knight
- Johnny Cleary
- Anthea Hopper-Schaeffer
Development
Origins
Code Lyoko originates from the film short Les enfants font leur cinéma ("The children make their movies"), directed by Thomas Romain and produced by a group of students from Parisian visual arts school Gobelins School of the Image.17 Romain worked with Tania Palumbo, Stanislas Brunet, and Jerome Cottray to create the film, which was screened at the 2000 Annecy International Animated Film Festival.18 French animation company Antefilms took interest in the film due to its atmosphere and offered Romain and Palumbo a contract to turn it into a series.19 This led to the development of the pilot, Garage Kids.20
Garage Kids was produced in 2001 by Antefilms. The project was created by Palumbo, Romain, and Carlo de Boutiny and developed by Anne de Galard. Its producers were Eric Garnet, Nicolas Atlan, Benoît di Sabatino, and Christophe di Sabatino.
Similar to its succeeding show Code Lyoko, Garage Kids was originally envisioned as a 26-episode miniseries detailing the lives of four French boarding school students who discover the secret of the virtual world of Xanadu; created by a research group headed by a character known as the "Professor". The pilot featured both traditional animation and CGI.21 The Matrix had "enormous influence" on the pilot according to Romain, citing the concept of a machine allowing the characters to dive in a virtual world, an operator who supervises the trip and the correlation between the action in the real world and the virtual world.22 Anime also served as inspiration, specifically Serial Experiments Lain for its "worrying digital dimension" and Neon Genesis Evangelion for its dangerous entities to fight. While similarities to Tron have been noted, Romain admitted to not having seen the film yet when the series was being developed.
When the concept on the virtual world was added, Antefilms suggested animating it with CGI to help make the series unique, promote a video game theme and make the separation between the virtual and real worlds clearer.23 While incorporating it, Palumbo and Romain wanted to avoid making the series "too playful and superficial" and sought to "get around the censoring done by TV channels that tend to soften youth programs" by writing episodes "with tension, suspense, even tragic scenes. Things that are hard to imagine seeing in a cartoon series for kids."
A team of artists were recruited in order to give the backgrounds of the real world a realistic appearance. The factory and boarding schools specifically were modelled after locations in France. The factory was based on a Renault production plant in Boulogne-Billancourt (Île Seguin), which has since been demolished.24 The school, Kadic Academy, is based on Lycée Lakanal in Sceaux, which Romain had attended.2526 Palumbo and Romain were adamant on keeping the locales based on "the France we knew", as they wanted to avoid what they perceived as "fantastical" or "Americanized" locations other French cartoons used at the time.27
Scripting for the series officially began in January 2002, with Frédéric Lenoir, Françoise Charpiat, and Laurent Turner being brought on as writers.2829 It was around then when Aelita was added, who at this point was an AI who lived on the virtual world. When choosing a director, the team wanted "a new generation" to be in charge of the series.30 Jérôme Mouscadet was hired in June 2002 after having dinner with a friend who worked at Antefilms. While Mouscadet had experience with animation from directing short films at a small company, he never directed a series before. One of his first major contributions was to drop the idea of the characters retaining their powers in the real world, which he decided after wanting to further separate the virtual world from the real world.31 Progress was slow over the summer of 2002, which Mouscadet attributed to the series' head writer "[taking] a lot of vacation".32 Antefilms reached out to Sophie Decroisette as a replacement, who had recently been a writer for Malo Korrigan and was on a break after giving birth to her first child.33 Decroisette described this stage of writing as expanding the concept and finding strong motivations for the characters. On Garage Kids' pilot, she said: "I really just saw a teaser that was focusing on images[. T]here were great ideas in the images, notably the transition from one universe to the other, but plot-wise, it was just "they travel from one universe to the other", with no explanation on "how" and "why". They had no real motivation, they were fighting X.A.N.A., which was represented as black spheres, something like this, but none of this was clearly defined. Our job, with the other writers, was to try to introduce "scientific accuracy"". The writers struggled the most with finding a motivation for Jeremy. Charpiat suggested during a meeting that he want to bring Aelita onto Earth, which became the basis for the first season. Another concept emerged from Lenoir in the form of a time travel mechanism to explain how X.A.N.A. could cause massive damage to Earth, with other people witnessing the destruction, and have the heroes fix it without people becoming suspicious.3435 This eventually turned into the Supercomputer's "Return to the Past" function.
Networks were hesitant to Garage Kids due to its serial nature, as they feared it would alienate potential viewers who missed the first episodes and they wanted to rerun the series without worrying about episode order.36 This lead the writing team to shift to a more episodic format. Romain ultimately chose to leave the series after this change in 2003 to work on the French-Japanese anime series Ōban Star-Racers. Tania Palumbo remained on the series through its conclusion as creative director. She designed and named the main characters, with Jeremy being named after one of her and Romain's classmates at Gobelins. The series' human character designs were primarily influenced by Japanese animator Kōji Morimoto's style.
After the series was sold to France 3 and Canal J, producers felt "Garage Kids" was too unclear for a title and requested it be renamed.37 Palumbo and production manager Anne de Galard ultimately settled on "Code Lyoko", with Lyoko originating from the Japanese word "旅行" (Ryokō) meaning "travel" to further emphasis the dive into the virtual world.38 The virtual world was subsequently renamed "Lyoko" as well.
Writing
The writing process for Code Lyoko usually began with the head writer asking the other writers for story pitches.39 If they liked an idea, it next had to receive approval from the show's director, producers and broadcasters before it could be turned into a 4-page synopsis. After going through the approval process again, it was then expanded into a script and approved one last time to be sent off for production. Writing an episode typically lasted 2–3 weeks, though some took longer if higher-ups were unhappy with the story or it ran into issues. Sophie Decroisette, head writer of Code Lyoko's first three seasons, described Image Problem as "very difficult to write" after its original writer left the show following the synopsis phase, requiring another writer to step in and finish it. The writing team was also mandated by production to approve 4 scripts per month.
Following the success of the first season, the show was able to have more continuous storylines. Decroisette and show director Jérôme Mouscadet wrote the series' backstory during the break between season 1 and 2.40 Before Romain left the project, the idea of Lyoko being created by a team of researchers had changed to just one: Franz Hopper. However his motivations and identity were never established. Decroisette revealed during production of season 4 that the full backstory would not be told in the show, as she considered it "very complicated... dense and [not] really important to the story."41
The show's international success in the United States also affected production. Romance elements were ultimately reduced after season 2 to appease American audiences.42 Aside from this, Decroisette otherwise noted that she "never felt censored" while working on the series, apart from a self-imposed restriction to write stories appropriate for children.43 Bruno Regeste became head writer for Code Lyoko's final season after Decroisette stepped down while she was pregnant with her second child, though she continued writing scripts and closely monitored episodes involving Replikas.
Animation
The series' traditional animation was handled overseas by Animation Services Hong Kong Limited,4445 Fantasia Animation and Welkin Animation also worked on the show's first two seasons.46 Starting around the third season, a team dedicated to Code Lyoko was formed at Hong Kong Limited's studio, who were managed on-site by two members from Antefilms' Paris office.47 This change stemmed from Mouscadet's desire for a more consistent animation quality, which he described trying to manage it prior to that point as "a little bit like steering an ocean liner with binoculars". The 3D segments were animated in-house by Antefilm's CGI team at their Angoulême office.
Episodes
Main article: List of Code Lyoko episodes
Season | Episodes | Originally released | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
First released | Last released | |||
1 | 26 | September 3, 2003 (2003-09-03) | February 25, 2004 (2004-02-25) | |
2 | 26 | August 31, 2005 (2005-08-31) | December 9, 2005 (2005-12-09) | |
Prequel | 2 | October 2, 2006 (2006-10-02) | October 3, 2006 (2006-10-03) | |
3 | 13 | September 9, 2006 (2006-09-09) | October 23, 2006 (2006-10-23) | |
4 | 30 | May 18, 2007 (2007-05-18) | November 10, 2007 (2007-11-10) |
Telecast and home media
The show first premiered on France 3 on 3 September 2003 and ended on 10 November 2007 in France and on Cartoon Network in the U.S. on 19 April 2004. The second season started on 19 September 2005. The two-part X.A.N.A. Awakens prequel aired on 2–3 October 2006, and the third season started a day later on 4 October 2006. The fourth and final season began on 18 May 2007. The final episode aired on Cartoon Network was "Cousins Once Removed", and the remaining seven episodes were released online on Cartoon Network Video. During its run, it was simultaneously both part of its afterschool weekday action animation light-toned programming block, Miguzi from 2004 until 2007 when it was carried over into its rebranded Master Control block. It was also a standalone show on its primetime slot and continued until 2008. The show also aired on Kabillion from 2007 to 2015.
The show also aired in Latin America and Japan on Jetix. In Italy, the show aired on Disney Channel, Rai 2, RaiSat Smash, Rai Gulp4849 and was published on DVD by Delta Pictures under the label 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment.
In January 2011, all four seasons of Code Lyoko were released on iTunes in the U.S. and France by MoonScoop Holdings, although as of May 2019, only seasons 1 and 2 are available and other seasons have been removed. In October 2011, all four seasons were released on Amazon Instant Streaming and on DVD in the U.S., however, these DVDs are now out of print.
All four seasons were made available on Netflix on 6 August 2012, but were removed for unknown reasons. The show was eventually returned to Netflix on 1 October 2020 after being taken down following MoonScoop's bankruptcy.50 Since 2015, all of the English-dubbed episodes (including the prequel X.A.N.A. Awakens) are viewable on YouTube. Since 2019, an upscaled HD version of the series is also available on Amazon Prime Video in the U.S. and the United Kingdom.51
Reception
Emily Ashby of Common Sense Media gave the show 4/5 stars, writing: "Kids will like the battles in Lyoko -- each plays out much like a video game", and added: "Strategy and teamwork are themes throughout the series."52 In a 2020 retrospective of the show for Comic Book Resources, Noah Dominguez wrote: "Whether you're a returning traveler or are only visiting Lyoko for the first time, Code Lyoko still holds up as a unique, easily-accessible gem of the 2000s".53
Code Lyoko was voted as the best show by Canal J viewers in France.54 The series has achieved international fame as well, becoming the #2 show on Cartoon Network's Miguzi block upon its premiere in the United States.55 It was the block's most popular series in 2005 and Cartoon Network's #3 best performing show overall in 2006.5657 Kabillion had it as #4 in monthly average views in 2010.58 The show has reached success in Spain as one of Clan TVE's highest-rated shows,59 on Italy's Rai2 network,60 and in Finland and the United Kingdom as well. The show also won France's Prix de l'Export 2006 Award for Animation in December 2006.61
Merchandise
Several Code Lyoko products have been released, including DVDs, a series of cine-manga by Tokyopop, a series of four novels by Italian publisher Atlantyca Entertainment, apparel, and other accessories. In 2006, Marvel Toys released a line of Code Lyoko toys and action figures.
When the show was about to come to an end in 2007, The Game Factory released three video games based on the show: Code Lyoko and Code Lyoko: Fall of X.A.N.A. for the Nintendo DS, and Code Lyoko: Quest for Infinity for the Wii, PSP, and PlayStation 2. The games were met with mixed to positive reviews from critics despite some criticisms of gameplay. There have been other games released through various mediums, one being Facebook.6263
A series of Clan TVE festivals in Spain included live stage shows based on Code Lyoko among other things.64 A game show known as Code Lyoko Challenge was planned to be released in late 2012, but fell through.65
Novels
A series of four chapter books was released by Atlantyca Entertainment and distributed in Italy and other countries.66 The novels delve deeper into the unanswered questions of the series. Taking place after the end of the series, X.A.N.A. has miraculously survived and returns though weakened and initially missing its memories. X.A.N.A. possesses Eva Skinner, an American girl, and travels to France in order to infiltrate the gang and kill them off. Unaware of their enemy's presence, the group works to find clues about Aelita's past, left by her father Franz Hopper, and confirm whether or not her mother is still alive somewhere, but at the same time, a terrorist group, the Green Phoenix, has become interested in the Supercomputer and intend to use both it and the virtual world of Lyoko for evil purposes.
It was confirmed that the series will never be released officially in English, nor the final two books released in French. However, sometime later, a fan community came together and sought to not only finish the series but translate it into more languages, including English. They have since completed their work and made it available for free download in September 2014.67
See also
- Animation portal
- France portal
- Television portal
- 2000s portal
- List of French animated television series
- List of French television series
- Code Lyoko: Evolution, a spin-off of Code Lyoko that continues after the events of the show
- Tron - Many similarities between Code Lyoko and Tron have been noted
- The Matrix - Served as inspiration
- Neon Genesis Evangelion - Served as inspiration
- Serial Experiments Lain - Served as inspiration
Notes
External links
Wikiquote has quotations related to Code Lyoko.- Code Lyoko at IMDb
References
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