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Code page 866
Code page

Code page 866 (CCSID 866) (CP 866, "DOS Cyrillic Russian") is a code page used under DOS and OS/2 in Russia to write Cyrillic script. It is based on the "alternative code page" (Russian: Альтернативная кодировка) developed in 1984 in IHNA AS USSR and published in 1986 by a research group at the Academy of Science of the USSR. The code page was widely used during the DOS era because it preserves all of the pseudographic symbols of code page 437 (unlike the "Main code page" or Code page 855) and maintains alphabetic order (although non-contiguously) of Cyrillic letters (unlike KOI8-R). Initially this encoding was only available in the Russian version of MS-DOS 4.01 (1990), but with MS-DOS 6.22 it became available in any language version.

The WHATWG Encoding Standard, which specifies the character encodings permitted in HTML5 which compliant browsers must support, includes Code page 866. It is the only single-byte encoding listed which is not named as an ISO 8859 part, Mac OS specific encoding, Microsoft Windows specific encoding (Windows-874 or Windows-125x) or KOI-8 variant. Authors of new pages and the designers of new protocols are instructed to use UTF-8 instead.

Two very similar but not identical encodings are standardised in GOST R 34.303-92 as KOI-8 N1 and KOI-8 N2 (not to be confused with the original KOI-8).

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Character set

Each non-ASCII character is shown with its equivalent Unicode code point. The first half (code points 0–127) of this table is the same as that of code page 437.

Code page 86612131415161718
0123456789ABCDEF
0xNUL☺263A☻263B♥2665♦2666♣2663♠2660•2022◘25D8○25CB◙25D9♂2642♀2640♪266A♫266B☼263C
1x►25BA◄25C4↕2195‼203C00B6§00A7▬25AC↨21A8↑2191↓2193→2192←2190∟221F↔2194▲25B2▼25BC
2x SP !"#$%&'()*+,-./
3x0123456789:;<=>?
4x@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
5xPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_
6x`abcdefghijklmno
7xpqrstuvwxyz{|}~⌂2302
8xА0410Б0411В0412Г0413Д0414Е0415Ж0416З0417И0418Й0419К041AЛ041BМ041CН041DО041EП041F
9xР0420С0421Т0422У0423Ф0424Х0425Ц0426Ч0427Ш0428Щ0429Ъ042AЫ042BЬ042CЭ042DЮ042EЯ042F
Axа0430б0431в0432г0433д0434е0435ж0436з0437и0438й0439к043Aл043Bм043Cн043Dо043Eп043F
Bx░2591▒2592▓2593│2502┤2524╡2561╢2562╖2556╕2555╣2563║2551╗2557╝255D╜255C╛255B┐2510
Cx└2514┴2534┬252C├251C─2500┼253C╞255E╟255F╚255A╔2554╩2569╦2566╠2560═2550╬256C╧2567
Dx╨2568╤2564╥2565╙2559╘2558╒2552╓2553╫256B╪256A┘2518┌250C█2588▄2584▌258C▐2590▀2580
Exр0440с0441т0442у0443ф0444х0445ц0446ч0447ш0448щ0449ъ044Aы044Bь044Cэ044Dю044Eя044F
FxЁ0401ё0451Є0404є0454Ї0407ї0457Ў040Eў045E°00B0∙2219·00B7√221A№2116¤00A4■25A0NBSP00A0
  Symbols and punctuation

Variants

There existed a few variants of the code page, but the differences were mostly in the last 16 code points (240–255).

Alternative code page

The original version of the code page by Bryabrin et al. (1986)19 is called the "Alternative code page" (Russian: Альтернативная кодировка), to distinguish it from the "Main code page" (Russian: Основная кодировка) by the same authors. It supports only Russian and Bulgarian. It is mostly the same as code page 866, except for codes F2hex through F7hex (which code page 866 changes to Ukrainian and Belarusian letters) and codes F8hex through FBhex (where code page 866 matches code page 437 instead). The differing row is shown below.

Alternative code page20
0123456789ABCDEF
FxЁ0401ё0451🮣1FBA3🮢1FBA2🮠1FBA0🮡1FBA1→2192←2190↓2193↑2191÷00F7±00B1№2116¤00A4■25A0NBSP00A0
  Characters later changed by code page 866

Modified code page 866

An unofficial variant with code points 240–255 identical to code page 437. However, the letter Ёё is usually placed at 240 and 241.21 This version supports only Russian and Bulgarian. The differing row is shown below.

Modified CP 866
0123456789ABCDEF
FxЁ0401ё0451≥2265≤2264⌠2320⌡2321÷00F7≈2248°00B0∙2219·00B7√221Aⁿ207F²00B2■25A0NBSP00A0
  Different from compliant code page 866 to match OEM-US

GOST R 34.303-92

The GOST R 34.303-92 standard defines two variants, KOI-8 N1 and KOI-8 N2. These are not to be confused with the KOI-8 encoding, which they do not adhere to.

KOI-8 N2

KOI-8 N2 is the more extensive variant and matches code page 866 and the Alternative code page except for the last row or stick.22 For this last row, it supports letters for Belarusian and Ukrainian in addition to Russian, but in a layout unrelated to code page 866 or 1125. Notably the Russian Ё/ё (which was unchanged between the Alternative code page and code page 866) is also in a different location. KOI-8 N2's final stick is shown below.23

KOI-8 N2 (GOST R 34.303-92)
0123456789ABCDEF
FxSHY№2116Ґ0490ґ0491Ё0401ё0451Є0404є0454І0406і0456Ї0407ї0457Ў040Eў045E■25A0NBSP00A0
  Different from code page 866 and Alternative code page

KOI-8 N1

The other variant, KOI-8 N1, is a subset of KOI-8 N2 which omits the non-Russian Cyrillic letters and mixed single/double lined box-drawing characters, leaving them empty for further internationalization (compare with code page 850). The affected sticks are shown below.24

KOI-8 N1 (GOST R 34.303-92)
0123456789ABCDEF
Bx░2591▒2592▓2593│2502┤2524╣2563║2551╗2557╝255D┐2510
Cx└2514┴2534┬252C├251C─2500┼253C╚255A╔2554╩2569╦2566╠2560═2550╬256C
Dx┘2518┌250C█2588▄2584▌258C▐2590▀2580
Exр0440с0441т0442у0443ф0444х0445ц0446ч0447ш0448щ0449ъ044Aы044Bь044Cэ044Dю044Eя044F
FxSHY№2116Ё0401ё0451■25A0NBSP00A0

Lithuanian variants

KBL

The KBL code page, unofficially known as Code page 771,25 is the earliest DOS character encoding for Lithuanian.26 It mostly matches code page 866 and the Alternative code page, but replaces the last row and some block characters with letters from the Lithuanian alphabet not otherwise present in ASCII. The Russian Ё/ё is not supported,27 similarly to KOI-7.

A modified version, Code page 773, which replaces the Cyrillic letters with Latvian and Estonian letters, also exists.28

KBL (Code page 771)2930
0123456789ABCDEF
Dx╨2568╤2564╥2565╙2559╘2558╒2552╓2553╫256B╪256A┘2518┌250C█2588Ą0104ą0105Č010Cč010D
Exр0440с0441т0442у0443ф0444х0445ц0446ч0447ш0448щ0449ъ044Aы044Bь044Cэ044Dю044Eя044F
FxĘ0118ę0119Ė0116ė0117Į012Eį012FŠ0160š0161Ų0172ų0173Ū016Aū016BŽ017Dž017E■25A0NBSP00A0
  Different from code page 866 and Alternative code page

LST 1284

Lithuanian Standard LST 1284:1993, known as Code page 1119 or unofficially as Code page 772,31 mostly matches the "modified" Code page 866, except for the addition of quotation marks in the last row and the replacement of the mixed single-double box-drawing characters with Lithuanian letters (compare code page 850). Unlike KBL, the Russian Ё/ё is retained.

It accompanies LST 1283 (Code page 774/1118), which encodes the additional Lithuanian letters at the same locations as LST 1284, but is based on Code page 437 instead. It was later superseded by LST 1590-1 (Code page 775),32 which encodes these Lithuanian letters in the same locations, but does not include Cyrillic letters, replacing them with Latvian and Estonian letters.33

LST 1284:1993 (Code page 772 / 1119)3435
0123456789ABCDEF
Bx░2591▒2592▓2593│2502┤2524Ą0104Č010CĘ0118Ė0116╣2563║2551╗2557╝255DĮ012EŠ0160┐2510
Cx└2514┴2534┬252C├251C─2500┼253CŲ0172Ū016A╚255A╔2554╩2569╦2566╠2560═2550╬256CŽ017D
Dxą0105č010Dę0119ė0117į012Fš0161ų0173ū016Bž017E┘2518┌250C█2588▄2584▌258C▐2590▀2580
Exр0440с0441т0442у0443ф0444х0445ц0446ч0447ш0448щ0449ъ044Aы044Bь044Cэ044Dю044Eя044F
FxЁ0401ё0451≥2265≤2264„201E“201C÷00F7≈2248°00B0∙2219·00B7√221Aⁿ207F²00B2■25A0NBSP00A0
  Different from "modified" code page 866

Ukrainian and Belarusian variants

Ukrainian standard RST 2018-91 is designated by IBM as Code page 1125 (CCSID 1125),36 abbreviated CP1125, and also known as CP866U, CP866NAV or RUSCII.37 It matches the original Alternative code page for all points except for F2hex through F9hex inclusive, which are replaced with Ukrainian letters.38 Code page/CCSID 11313940 matches code page 866 for all points except for F8hex, F9hex, and FChex through FEhex inclusive, which are replaced with otherwise-missing Ukrainian and Belarusian letters, in the process displacing the bullet character (∙) from F9hex to FEhex.4142 The differing rows are shown below.

IBM code page 1125 (Ukrainian standard RST 2018-91)43444546
0123456789ABCDEF
FxЁ0401ё0451Ґ0490ґ0491Є0404є0454І0406і0456Ї0407ї0457÷00F7±00B1№2116¤00A4■25A0NBSP00A0
  Code page 1125 different from Alternative code page IBM code page 1131 (Belarusian)474849
0123456789ABCDEF
FxЁ0401ё0451Є0404є0454Ї0407ї0457Ў040Eў045EІ0406і0456·00B7¤00A4Ґ0490ґ0491∙2219NBSP00A0
  Code page 1131 different from code page 866

Also, the so-called CP 866ukr code page is a modified version of CP866 with the replacement of Ўў by Іі. Unlike CP1125, it maintains full compatibility of Ukrainian letters with CP866, although Ґґ is missing. It is not included in the standard Windows distributions, but some users install a home-made patch50 that allows using this encoding to work in command-line programs (such as FAR Manager) with filenames containing the Cyrillic Іі.

Hryvnia variants

FreeDOS code page 30040 is a variant of code page 866 which replaces the currency sign (¤) at byte 0xFB with the hryvnia sign (₴, U+20B4).

FreeDOS code page 30039 is a variant of code page 1125 which makes the same replacement.

Euro sign updates

IBM code page/CCSID 808 is a variant of code page/CCSID 866; with the euro sign (€, U+20AC) in position FDhex, replacing the universal currency sign (¤).515253

IBM code page/CCSID 848 is a variant of code page/CCSID 1125 with the euro sign at FDhex, replacing ¤.545556

IBM code page/CCSID 849 is a variant of code page/CCSID 1131 with the euro sign at FBhex, replacing ¤.575859

Lehner–Czech modification

An unofficial modification used in software developed by Michael Lehner and Peter R. Czech. It replaces three mathematic symbols with guillemets and the section sign which are commonly used in the Russian language. (Lehner and Czech created a number of alternative character sets for other European languages as well, including one based on CWI-2 for Hungarian, a Kamenicky-based one for Czech and Slovak, a Mazovia variant for Polish and a seemingly-unique encoding for Lithuanian. The modified row is shown below.

Lehner–Czech modification
0123456789ABCDEF
FxЁ0401ё0451Є0404є0454Ї0407ї0457Ў040Eў045E»00BB«00AB·00B7§00A7№2116¤00A4■25A0NBSP00A0
  Different from code page 866

Latvian variant

A Latvian variant, supported by Star printers and FreeDOS, is code page 3012 (earlier FreeDOS called it code page 61282). This encoding is nicknamed "RusLat".60

CP3012
0123456789ABCDEF
Bx░2591▒2592▓2593│2502┤2524Ā0100╢2562ņ0146╕2555╣2563║2551╗2557╝255DŌ014C╛255B┐2510
Cx└2514┴2534┬252C├251C─2500┼253Cā0101╟255F╚255A╔2554╩2569╦2566╠2560═2550╬256C╧2567
DxŠ0160╤2564č010DČ010C╘2558╒2552ģ0123Ī012Aī012B┘2518┌250C█2588▄2584ū016BŪ016A▀2580
Exр0440с0441т0442у0443ф0444х0445ц0446ч0447ш0448щ0449ъ044Aы044Bь044Cэ044Dю044Eя044F
FxĒ0112ē0113Ģ0122ķ0137Ķ0136ļ013CĻ013Bž017EŽ017Dō014D·00B7√221AŅ0145š0161■25A0NBSP00A0
  Different from code page 866

FreeDOS

FreeDOS provides additional unofficial extensions of code page 866 for various non-Slavic languages:61

Code page 900

Before Microsoft's final code page for Russian MS-DOS 4.01 was registered with IBM by Franz Rau of Microsoft as CP866 in January 1990, draft versions of it developed by Yuri Starikov (Юрий Стариков) of Dialogue were still called code page 900 internally. While the documentation was corrected to reflect the new name before the release of the product, sketches of earlier draft versions still named code page 900 and without Ukrainian and Belarusian letters, which had been added in autumn 1989, were published in the Russian press in 1990.62 Code page 900 slipped through into the distribution of the Russian MS-DOS 5.0 LCD.CPI codepage information file.63

Notes

Further reading

  • Kornai, Andras; Birnbaum, David J.; da Cruz, Frank; Davis, Bur; Fowler, George; Paine, Richard B.; Paperno, Slava; Simonsen, Keld J.; Thobe, Glenn E.; Vulis, Dimitri; van Wingen, Johan W. (1993-03-13). "CYRILLIC ENCODING FAQ Version 1.3". 1.3. Retrieved 2020-06-04.

References

  1. "CCSID 866 information document". Archived from the original on 2016-03-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20160327022230/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid866.html ↩

  2. Steele, Shawn (1996-04-24). "CP866.TXT: cp866_DOSCyrillicRussian to Unicode table". Unicode Consortium. https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/PC/CP866.TXT ↩

  3. "OS/2" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2016-08-13. Retrieved 2016-06-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20160813063417/http://screenoteka.ru/prospects_OS2 ↩

  4. "Code page 866 information document". Archived from the original on 2016-03-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20160316232819/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cp/cp00866.html ↩

  5. "Code Pages Supported by Windows: OEM Code Pages". Go Global Development Center. Microsoft. Archived from the original on 2011-11-02. Retrieved 2011-10-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20111102135644/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/goglobal/bb964655 ↩

  6. (in Russian) Брябрин В. М., Ландау И. Я., Неменман М. Е. О системе кодирования для персональных ЭВМ // Микропроцессорные средства и системы. — 1986. — № 4. — С. 61–64. http://www.wdigest.ru/mpss1986/mpss04_1986.htm ↩

  7. "8.2.2.3. Character encodings". HTML 5.1 2nd Edition. W3C. User agents must support the encodings defined in the WHATWG Encoding standard, including, but not limited to […] https://www.w3.org/TR/html51/syntax.html#character-encodings ↩

  8. van Kesteren, Anne. "Legacy single-byte encodings". Encoding Standard. WHATWG. /wiki/Anne_van_Kesteren ↩

  9. van Kesteren, Anne. "Legacy single-byte encodings". Encoding Standard. WHATWG. /wiki/Anne_van_Kesteren ↩

  10. van Kesteren, Anne. "Names and labels". Encoding Standard. WHATWG. /wiki/Anne_van_Kesteren ↩

  11. (in Russian) ГОСТ Р 34.303-92. Наборы 8-битных кодированных символов. 8-битный код обмена и обработки информации. = 8-bit coded character sets. 8-bit code for information interchange. http://docs.cntd.ru/document/gost-r-34-303-92 ↩

  12. "OEM 866". Go Global Development Center. Microsoft. Archived from the original on 2012-02-04. Retrieved 2011-10-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20120204084436/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/goglobal/cc305166 ↩

  13. "Code page 866 information document". Archived from the original on 2016-03-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20160316232819/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cp/cp00866.html ↩

  14. Steele, Shawn (1996-04-24). "CP866.TXT: cp866_DOSCyrillicRussian to Unicode table". Unicode Consortium. https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/PC/CP866.TXT ↩

  15. van Kesteren, Anne (2018-01-06). "Index index-ibm866". Encoding Standard. WHATWG. /wiki/Anne_van_Kesteren ↩

  16. Code Page CPGID 00866 (pdf) (PDF), IBM https://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/globalization/gcoc/attachments/CP00866.pdf ↩

  17. Code Page CPGID 00866 (txt), IBM https://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/globalization/gcoc/attachments/CP00866.txt ↩

  18. International Components for Unicode (ICU), ibm-866_P100-1995.ucm, 2002-12-03 https://github.com/unicode-org/icu/blob/master/icu4c/source/data/mappings/ibm-866_P100-1995.ucm ↩

  19. (in Russian) Брябрин В. М., Ландау И. Я., Неменман М. Е. О системе кодирования для персональных ЭВМ // Микропроцессорные средства и системы. — 1986. — № 4. — С. 61–64. http://www.wdigest.ru/mpss1986/mpss04_1986.htm ↩

  20. (in Russian) Брябрин В. М., Ландау И. Я., Неменман М. Е. О системе кодирования для персональных ЭВМ // Микропроцессорные средства и системы. — 1986. — № 4. — С. 64. http://www.wdigest.ru/images/mpss/1986/mpss04_1986/mpss04_1986_p63.jpg ↩

  21. (in Russian) Фигурнов В. Э. IBM PC для пользователя. — 2-е изд. — М.: 1992. — С. 279. ↩

  22. i.e. codes 240 through 255, or F0hex through FFhex ↩

  23. (in Russian) ГОСТ Р 34.303-92. Наборы 8-битных кодированных символов. 8-битный код обмена и обработки информации. = 8-bit coded character sets. 8-bit code for information interchange. http://docs.cntd.ru/document/gost-r-34-303-92 ↩

  24. (in Russian) ГОСТ Р 34.303-92. Наборы 8-битных кодированных символов. 8-битный код обмена и обработки информации. = 8-bit coded character sets. 8-bit code for information interchange. http://docs.cntd.ru/document/gost-r-34-303-92 ↩

  25. "Codepages: Comprehensive list". Aivosto. https://www.aivosto.com/articles/charsets-codepages.html ↩

  26. "Rašmenų koduotės". Lietuvių kalba informacinėse technologijose (in Lithuanian). http://xn--lietuvyb-ceb.lt/standartai/ra%C5%A1men%C5%B3-koduo%C4%8Di%C5%B3-standartai/ ↩

  27. "Rašmenų koduotės". Lietuvių kalba informacinėse technologijose (in Lithuanian). http://xn--lietuvyb-ceb.lt/standartai/ra%C5%A1men%C5%B3-koduo%C4%8Di%C5%B3-standartai/ ↩

  28. "Rašmenų koduotės". Lietuvių kalba informacinėse technologijose (in Lithuanian). http://xn--lietuvyb-ceb.lt/standartai/ra%C5%A1men%C5%B3-koduo%C4%8Di%C5%B3-standartai/ ↩

  29. "771 kodų lentelė" (in Lithuanian). Likit. http://www.likit.lt/nostyle/771.htm ↩

  30. "771 kodų lentelė". Lietuvių kalba informacinėse technologijose – Rašmenų koduotės (in Lithuanian). http://xn--lietuvyb-ceb.lt/podelis/vaizdai/koduot%C4%97s/771.gif ↩

  31. "Codepages: Comprehensive list". Aivosto. https://www.aivosto.com/articles/charsets-codepages.html ↩

  32. "Codepages: Comprehensive list". Aivosto. https://www.aivosto.com/articles/charsets-codepages.html ↩

  33. "Rašmenų koduotės". Lietuvių kalba informacinėse technologijose (in Lithuanian). http://xn--lietuvyb-ceb.lt/standartai/ra%C5%A1men%C5%B3-koduo%C4%8Di%C5%B3-standartai/ ↩

  34. "772 kodų lentelė" (in Lithuanian). Likit. http://www.likit.lt/nostyle/772.htm ↩

  35. "772 kodų lentelė". Lietuvių kalba informacinėse technologijose – Rašmenų koduotės (in Lithuanian). http://xn--lietuvyb-ceb.lt/podelis/vaizdai/koduot%C4%97s/772.gif ↩

  36. "CCSID 1125 information document". Archived from the original on 2014-12-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20141202002732/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid1125.html ↩

  37. Nechayev, Valentin (2013) [2001]. "Review of 8-bit Cyrillic encodings universe". Archived from the original on 2016-12-05. http://segfault.kiev.ua/cyrillic-encodings/ ↩

  38. Code Page CPGID 01125 (pdf) (PDF), IBM https://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/globalization/gcoc/attachments/CP01125.pdf ↩

  39. "CCSID 1131 information document". Archived from the original on 2016-03-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20160327040306/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid1131.html ↩

  40. "Code page 1131 information document". Archived from the original on 2016-03-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20160317053255/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cp/cp01131.html ↩

  41. IBM. "Code page identifiers: CP 01131". IBM Globalization. Archived from the original on 2016-03-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20160317053255/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cp/cp01131.html ↩

  42. IBM. "Code Page 01131" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-07-08. https://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/globalization/gcoc/attachments/CP01131.pdf ↩

  43. Code Page CPGID 01125 (pdf) (PDF), IBM https://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/globalization/gcoc/attachments/CP01125.pdf ↩

  44. Code Page CPGID 01125 (txt), IBM https://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/globalization/gcoc/attachments/CP01125.txt ↩

  45. International Components for Unicode (ICU), ibm-1125_P100-1997.ucm, 2002-12-03 https://github.com/unicode-org/icu/blob/master/icu4c/source/data/mappings/ibm-1125_P100-1997.ucm ↩

  46. (in Ukrainian) РСТ УРСР 2018-91. Система обробки інформації. Кодування символів української абетки 8-бітними кодами. ↩

  47. Code Page CPGID 01131 (pdf) (PDF), IBM https://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/globalization/gcoc/attachments/CP01131.pdf ↩

  48. Code Page CPGID 01131 (txt), IBM https://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/globalization/gcoc/attachments/CP01131.txt ↩

  49. International Components for Unicode (ICU), ibm-1131_P100-1997.ucm, 2002-12-03 https://github.com/unicode-org/icu/blob/master/icu4c/source/data/mappings/ibm-1131_P100-1997.ucm ↩

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