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Taxonomy

The genus Criniger was introduced in 1820 by the Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck,¹ the name Criniger is Latin for "long-haired" (from crinis, meaning "hair" and gerere, meaning "to carry").² A year later Temminck designated the type species as the western bearded greenbul.³⁴

Species

The genus contains five species:⁵

Former species

Formerly, some authorities also considered the following species (or subspecies) as species within the genus Criniger:

• Striated bulbul (as Tricophorus striatus or Criniger striatus)⁶⁷
• Streak-eared bulbul (as Criniger Conradi)⁸
• Western greenbul (as Trichophorus tephrolaemus)⁹
• Olive-headed greenbul (as Criniger olivaceiceps)¹⁰
• Golden greenbul (as Criniger serinus)¹¹
• Honeyguide greenbul (as Criniger indicator)¹²
• Upper Guinea honeyguide greenbul (as Trichophorus leucurus)¹³
• Yellow-bellied greenbul (as Trichophorus flaviventris)¹⁴
• Falkenstein's greenbul (as Criniger Falkensteini)¹⁵
• Simple greenbul (as Trichophorus simplex)¹⁶
• Yellow-throated leaflove (as Trichophorus flavicollis or Criniger flavicollis)¹⁷
• Uganda yellow-throated greenbul (as Trichophorus flavigula)¹⁸
• Northern brownbul (as Criniger strepitans)¹⁹
• Fischer's greenbul (as Criniger Fischeri)²⁰
• Cabanis's greenbul (as Criniger cabanisi)²¹
• Icterine greenbul (as Trichophorus icterinus)²²
• Red-tailed bristlebill (multicolor) (as Criniger multicolor)²³
• Green-tailed bristlebill (as Trichophorus eximius)²⁴
• Yellow-lored bristlebill (as Trichophorus notatus)²⁵
• Grey-headed bristlebill (as Trichophorus canicapillus)²⁶
• Finsch's bulbul (as Criniger finschi)²⁷
• White-throated bulbul (as Trichophorus flaveolus or Criniger flaveolus)²⁸
• White-throated bulbul (burmanicus) (as Criniger burmanicus)²⁹
• Puff-throated bulbul (as Criniger pallidus)³⁰
• Grey-crowned bulbul (as Criniger griseiceps)³¹
• Puff-throated bulbul (henrici) (as Criniger Henrici)³²
• Ochraceous bulbul (as Criniger ochraceus)³³
• Ochraceous bulbul (sordidus) (as Criniger sordidus)³⁴
• Ochraceous bulbul (sumatranus) (as Criniger sumatranus)³⁵
• Ochraceous bulbul (ruficrissus) (as Criniger ruficrissus)³⁶
• Grey-cheeked bulbul (as Criniger bres)³⁷
• Grey-cheeked bulbul (tephrogenys) (as Trichophorus tephrogenys)³⁸
• Grey-cheeked bulbul (gutturalis) (as Trichophorus gutturalis or Criniger gutturalis)³⁹
• Palawan bulbul (as Criniger frater)⁴⁰
• Yellow-bellied bulbul (as Criniger phaeocephalus)⁴¹
• Yellow-bellied bulbul (diardi) (as Criniger diardi)⁴²
• Yellow-bellied bulbul (sulphuratus) (as Trichophorus sulphuratus)⁴³
• Yellow-browed bulbul (as Trichophorus indicus)⁴⁴
• Yellow-browed bulbul (icterica) (as Criniger ictericus)⁴⁵
• Hairy-backed bulbul (as Trichophorus minutus)⁴⁶
• Hairy-backed bulbul (sericeus) (as Criniger sericea)⁴⁷
• Grey-eyed bulbul (as Criniger propinquus)⁴⁸
• Charlotte's bulbul (as Criniger charlottae)⁴⁹
• Sulphur-bellied bulbul (as Criniger palawanensis)⁵⁰
• Seram golden bulbul (as Criniger affinis)⁵¹
• Ambon golden bulbul (as Trichophorus flavicaudus)⁵²
• Northern golden bulbul (as Criniger longirostris)⁵³
• Sangihe golden bulbul (as Criniger Platenae)⁵⁴
• Togian golden bulbul (as Criniger aureus)⁵⁵
• Halmahera golden bulbul (as Criniger Chloris)⁵⁶
• Buru golden bulbul (as Criniger mystacalis)⁵⁷
• Yellowish bulbul (as Criniger Everetti)⁵⁸
• Sulu bulbul (as Criniger Haynaldi)⁵⁹

Further reading

• Huntley, Jerry W.; Harvey, Johanna A.; Pavia, Marco; Boano, Giovanni; Voelker, Gary (2017). "The systematics and biogeography of the Bearded Greenbuls (Aves: Criniger) reveals the impact of Plio-Pleistocene forest fragmentation on Afro-tropical avian diversity". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 183 (3): 672–686. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx086.

References

1. Temminck, Coenraad Jacob (1820). Manuel d'ornithologie, ou, Tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (in French). Vol. Part 1 (2nd ed.). Paris: H. Cousin. p. 60 (LX). /wiki/Coenraad_Jacob_Temminck ↩

2. Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Names. London, UK: Christopher Helm. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4. 978-1-4081-2501-4 ↩

3. Mayr, Ernst; Greenway, James C. Jr, eds. (1960). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 9. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 273. /wiki/Ernst_Mayr ↩

4. Temminck, Coenraad Jacob (1838) [1821]. Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon (in French). Vol. 3. Paris: F.G. Levrault. Plate 88. The 5 volumes were originally issued in 102 livraison (parts), 1820-1839. For the dates see: Dickinson, E.C. (2001). "Systematic notes on Asian birds. 9. The Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées of Temminck & Laugier (1820–1839)". Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden. 335: 7–53. /wiki/Coenraad_Jacob_Temminck ↩

5. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2021). "Bulbuls". IOC World Bird List Version 11.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 27 June 2021. /wiki/Frank_Gill_(ornithologist) ↩

6. "Pycnonotus striatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-03-08. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=AF1E4A9BE6B8640A ↩

7. Admin, Avis (2014-09-10). "277. Alcurus striatus". AVIS-IBIS. Retrieved 2017-03-08. http://avis.indianbiodiversity.org/books/pycnonotus-striatus/21994 ↩

8. "Pycnonotus conradi - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-03-31. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=E5A86DFA&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

9. "Arizelocichla tephrolaema - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-03. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=DA399CC6AFD9B0DA ↩

10. "Arizelocichla olivaceiceps - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-06. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=3754823802AF0CB3 ↩

11. "Calyptocichla serinus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-11. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=3B3C39F173CE8DCB ↩

12. "Baeopogon indicator - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-11. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=E6A0D208&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

13. "Baeopogon indicator leucurus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-11. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=C2289951&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

14. "Chlorocichla flaviventris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-13. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=D083BB3F92A1CBC0 ↩

15. "Chlorocichla falkensteini - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-16. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=FCA9F934B4B074A0 ↩

16. "Chlorocichla simplex - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-16. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=D3D4D1B7CDB80226 ↩

17. Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum: Passeriformes, or perching birds. Cichlomorphœ: pt. III-IV, containing the ... family Timeliidœ (babbling-thrushes) by R.B. Sharpe. order of the Trustees. 1881-01-01. https://books.google.com/books?id=cItIAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22Xenocichla+flavicollis%22&pg=PA97 ↩

18. "Atimastillas flavicollis flavigula - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-17. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=89C51401&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

19. "Phyllastrephus strepitans - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-04-21. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=29820AD92710CDC0 ↩

20. "Phyllastrephus fischeri - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-05-02. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=2DA2C52F36170D37 ↩

21. "Phyllastrephus cabanisi - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-05-02. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=3029C547F9319279 ↩

22. "Phyllastrephus icterinus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-05-04. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=7D300BBE&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

23. "Bleda syndactylus syndactylus (multicolor) - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-05-07. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=2B6F9DF3&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

24. "Bleda eximius - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-05-07. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=68043A8853CE665E ↩

25. "Bleda notatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-05-07. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=619DFAA8&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

26. "Bleda canicapillus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-05-07. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=D4B9EE90&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

27. "Alophoixus finschii - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-05-12. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=F9E2A503B23EF856 ↩

28. "Alophoixus flaveolus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-05-12. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=31754E31D9C19D12 ↩

29. "Alophoixus flaveolus burmanicus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-05-13. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=8A6E6C26&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

30. "Alophoixus pallidus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-05-14. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=C916F1C7&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

31. "Alophoixus pallidus griseiceps - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-05-14. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=D02FCDDF&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

32. "Alophoixus pallidus henrici - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-05-14. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=EA27F692&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

33. "Alophoixus ochraceus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-05-15. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=2AB998D6&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

34. "Alophoixus ochraceus sordidus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-05-15. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=024A92B5&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

35. "Alophoixus ochraceus sumatranus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-05-15. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=BD982CA0&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

36. "Alophoixus ochraceus ruficrissus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-05-15. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=D5AFE4A7&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

37. "Alophoixus bres - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-05-15. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=44DB2E85&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

38. "Alophoixus bres tephrogenys - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-05-15. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=0CA534B2&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

39. "Alophoixus bres gutturalis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-05-15. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=EDC6A24F&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

40. "Alophoixus frater - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-05-23. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=50D0244D&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

41. "Alophoixus phaeocephalus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-05-29. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=3499C2A5&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

42. "Alophoixus phaeocephalus diardi - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-05-29. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=1FD7EE54&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

43. "Alophoixus phaeocephalus sulphuratus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-05-29. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=A2FB2BD3&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

44. "Acritillas indica - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-06-01. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=36D71C61&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

45. "Acritillas indica icterica - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-06-01. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=8B9592CB&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

46. The Ibis. British Ornithologists' Union. 1872. https://books.google.com/books?id=cQFHAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22Trichophorus+minutus%22&pg=PA490 ↩

47. "Tricholestes criniger sericeus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-06-03. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=31F2E6BC&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

48. "Iole propinqua - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-06-05. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=176522DA2AC5064A ↩

49. "Buff-vented Bulbul (Iole charlottae)". www.hbw.com. Retrieved 2017-06-05. http://www.hbw.com/species/buff-vented-bulbul-iole-charlottae ↩

50. "Iole palawanensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-06-05. http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=4763A554B752FD79 ↩

51. "Thapsinillas affinis (Seram Golden Bulbul) - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-10-18. https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=712764DC&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

52. "Thapsinillas affinis flavicaudus (Ambon Golden Bulbul) - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-10-18. https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=FDB1A2B1&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

53. "Thapsinillas longirostris (Sula Golden-Bulbul) - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-10-21. https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=33A73A5B&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

54. "Thapsinillas platenae (Sangihe Golden-Bulbul) - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-10-21. https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=C4890A33&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

55. "Thapsinillas aurea (Togian Golden-Bulbul) - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-10-21. https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=61540F2E&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

56. "Thapsinillas chloris (Halmahera Golden-Bulbul) - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-10-21. https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=8EA40B11&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

57. "Thapsinillas mysticalis (Buru Golden Bulbul) - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-10-21. https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=07BCEAC0&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩

58. "Hypsipetes everetti (Yellowish Bulbul) - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-11-06. https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=8190AD1FC3F99BAC ↩

59. "Hypsipetes everetti haynaldi (Sulu Bulbul) - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-11-06. https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=D18AE87D&sec=summary&ssver=1 ↩