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Homogenic
1997 studio album by Björk

Homogenic is the third studio album by Icelandic artist Björk, released on 22 September 1997 by One Little Indian Records. Produced by Björk alongside Mark Bell and others, the album blends electronic beats with string instruments, paying tribute to Iceland. Originally planned to be recorded in London, production shifted to Spain following an incident involving a stalker. Critically acclaimed, Homogenic topped the Icelandic albums chart, reached number 28 on the US Billboard 200, and number 4 on the UK Albums Chart. It featured singles like "Jóga" and "Bachelorette" and remains highly regarded in music history.

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Recording and production

After an extensive tour in support of her 1995 album Post, Björk returned to her home in Maida Vale with an urgent need to write new songs as a form of therapy.2 Björk would let audio engineer Markus Dravs into her home studio to start creating new songs. The sessions with Dravs and Björk were casual, with Björk allowing Dravs freedom with the album. Björk only left the studio to cook meals for the both of them.3 One of the first songs created during the sessions was "5 Years" which Dravs created the fast beat for.4 The progress of Homogenic in these sessions was halted due to a media sensation caused by the suicide of Björk's stalker Ricardo López.56 To deal with the stress of being at home during this incident, Björk imagined herself as the protagonist in a Spanish soap opera.7 The character's image inspired a song titled "So Broken" which she sang to herself in her kitchen.8 The song was later included on the Japanese release of the album.9

To record in privacy away from the sudden unwanted media interest, Björk's tour drummer Trevor Morais offered his studio in Spain. Björk went to Málaga and arranged to meet with flamenco guitarist Raimundo Amador.10 Björk had originally intended to stay in Málaga only briefly, but later decided to record the entirety of Homogenic there.11 Björk made a final trip out of the country before staying in Spain. As she had done since moving to London, Björk returned to Iceland for Christmas.12 While there, she wrote more new songs for Homogenic, including "Jóga".13 Before returning to Spain to record, Björk was sidetracked by a two-week worldwide press tour for the promotion of her remix album Telegram, which had just been released.14 After returning to the studio in Spain in late January, Björk decided to end work with producer Nellee Hooper, who had produced both Debut and Post, as she felt they had "stopped surprising each other".151617 Björk had intended to produce the album alone, but sought collaborators including Dravs, Howie B, Guy Sigsworth and LFO's Mark Bell.18 Howie B had worked with Björk on Debut and Post and Sigsworth had played harpsichord on Post.1920 The American hip hop group Wu-Tang Clan almost contributed to the production of Homogenic, but were unable due to their production on the album Wu-Tang Forever, which had taken longer than planned.21 Most of the melodies on the album were created by Björk, who then composed string sections on a Casio keyboard and brought them to programmers who would add rhythmic patterns.22 Björk had wanted to have Mark Bell contribute to her albums Debut and Post;23 Bell was credited for the majority of the album's production, including the songs "Pluto", "Alarm Call", and the bassline in "Jóga". Björk stated that she "trusts and respects what [Bell] does for me. If I were to say who has influenced me most it would be Stockhausen, Kraftwerk, Brian Eno and Mark Bell".24 Other unorthodox methods of recording were used during the production, including Björk wanting to record outside on the porch and using non-professionals to help with production, such as Rebecca Storey, who was hired as a babysitter but added to the production staff after showing interest in the equipment.2526

String arrangements were added late in the recording process.27 Björk had friend Eumir Deodato conduct, transcribe and compose original pieces for the few songs that Björk did not arrange for herself.28 To keep with the Icelandic theme of the album, Björk ordered the services of the Icelandic String Octet.29 By June 1997, the album was behind schedule and Björk was uncertain of the final track listing and unhappy with some of the recorded vocals.30

Music and lyrics

Homogenic is an electronica,3132 trip hop,33 art pop,34 and experimental album.35 Before production began on Homogenic, Björk wanted to create an album with "a simple sound" and "only one flavour".36 Heather Phares of AllMusic described the sound of Homogenic as a "fusion of chilly strings (courtesy of the Icelandic String Octet), stuttering, abstract beats, and unique touches like accordion and glass harmonica".37 The album differs from her previous two releases stylistically, and Neva Chonin of Rolling Stone stated the album was "certain to be rough going for fans looking for the sweet melodies and peppy dance collages of her earlier releases".38 As with other Björk releases, it has been difficult for critics to classify Homogenic within a musical genre. Tiny Mix Tapes considered that "Björk has managed to create something so refreshingly unique that trying to categorize and label the music is rather dubious."39 Writing for Beats Per Minute, Cole Zercoe felt Homogenic represented a pinnacle work of trip hop, forming part of "a sort of holy trinity of this musical aesthetic" along with Massive Attack's Mezzanine and Portishead's Dummy.40

Björk wanted Homogenic to have a conceptual focus on her native Iceland. Producer Markus Dravs recalled Björk wanting it to sound like "rough volcanoes with soft moss growing all over it..."41 In an interview for Oor, Björk explained that "in Iceland, everything revolves around nature, 24 hours a day. Earthquakes, snowstorms, rain, ice, volcanic eruptions, geysers... Very elementary and uncontrollable. But at the other hand, Iceland is incredibly modern; everything is hi-tech. The number of people owning a computer is as high as nowhere else in the world. That contradiction is also on Homogenic. The electronic beats are the rhythm, the heartbeat. The violins create the old-fashioned atmosphere, the colouring."4243

Björk's vocals on Homogenic range from primitive-sounding screams to a traditional singing method used by Icelandic choir men, a combination of speaking and singing as illustrated in the song "Unravel".4445 The majority of songs on Homogenic have lyrics about love and failed relationships. The song "Jóga" was written as a tribute to her best friend and tour masseuse of the same name.46 Björk called "All is Full of Love" a song about "believing in love" and that "Love isn't just about two persons. It's everywhere around you".47 "All Neon Like" contains snippets of a poem Björk wrote called "Techno Prayer" in 1996. The song "5 Years" appeared in live form a few weeks after her breakup with musician Tricky and music journalists considered it a response to it.4849 "Bachelorette" was originally written for director Bernardo Bertolucci for his film Stealing Beauty.50 Björk later faxed Bertolucci, informing him the song would be used for her album instead.51 "Bachelorette" and "Jóga" were written with Icelandic poet Sjón, because Björk wanted to use epic lyrics.5253 "Immature" was written about mistakes in past relationships, shortly after the breakup with Goldie.54 Björk described "Pluto" as about "being plastered, that need to destroy everything so you can start again".55 "Unravel" is a song about lamenting love, with brief flashes of hope.56

Title and artwork

The album's production began with the working title of Homogeneous, but Björk changed it to Homogenic shortly afterwards.57 Björk wanted to create an album with "a simple sound" and "only one flavour",58 hence the title. The title has also been speculated to be suggesting the concept of home, which Björk had said to be incorporating into Homogenic in an interview with Jam!:

"I'm really seeking after something that's Icelandic. And I want it to be more me, this album. Debut and Post are a bit like the Tin Tin books. Sort of Tin Tin goes to Congo. Tin Tin goes to Tibet. So it's all these different flavors, me sort of trying all these different things on, which is very exciting, but now I think it's a bit more Björk goes home."59

The themes of Homogenic are reflected in the album cover designed by Alexander McQueen. According to McQueen biographer Andrew Wilson, Björk approached McQueen after seeing the futuristic image of model Devon Aoki in the February 1997 edition of Visionaire. Dressed by McQueen and photographed by Nick Knight, who shot the Homogenic cover as well, Aoki wears a pink funnel-necked dress with her skin cast in a blueish metallic hue, one eyeball blankly white, a large safety pin closing a slash through her forehead, and her hair pulled into tight buns as she challenges the camera with a direct gaze.60

Björk explained her vision for the Homogenic cover, which carries a resemblance to "someone who is put into an impossible situation, so impossible that she has to become a warrior. A warrior who has to fight not with weapons, but with love. I had 10 kilos of hair on my head, and special contact lenses and a manicure that prevented me from eating with my fingers, and gaffer tape around my waist and high clogs so I couldn't walk easily."61

Release and promotion

The album was released later than One Little Indian Records had intended. Björk was behind schedule and the album's cover design by Nick Knight needed a reshoot.62 Towards the end of August 1997, One Little Indian delayed the album by a month.63 Homogenic was released on 22 September 1997 on One Little Indian in the United Kingdom and on 23 September Elektra Records in North America on compact disc and cassette.64656667 The album was later issued on vinyl and DualDisc formats.68 The Japanese version of Homogenic included several bonus tracks and remixed versions of songs.69 The DualDisc release featured the full album on the CD side and the DVD side included the album with superior sound quality and the music videos for the singles.70

Promotion of Homogenic started on 8 June 1997, when Björk performed several songs from the album at the Tibetan Freedom Concert held at Downing Stadium in New York City.71 The album was launched on 15 July at the Old Truman Brewery in London.72 In the United Kingdom, Björk performed the lead single "Jóga" on TFI Friday on 19 September,73 and Top of the Pops on 3 October.74 She performed the second single "Bachelorette" on the American sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live on 18 October,75 at the 1997 MTV Europe Music Awards on 6 November,76 on Later... with Jools Holland with "Jóga" and "Hunter" on 29 November,77 and again in the United States on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on 22 May 1998.78 In France, Björk performed "Bachelorette" with "Jóga" on Nulle Part Ailleurs on 11 February,79 and with "Hunter" on Hit Machine on 20 June.80 She performed the fourth single "Alarm Call" on CD:UK on 5 December.81

When the release of Homogenic was delayed by a month, its tour began with the audience not being familiar with the album's songs since it had not been released yet.82 The tour started at the beginning of September with a backing band that consisted only of Mark Bell and made stops in Germany, the Netherlands, France, Belgium, Spain, and England. These shows were brief live shows lasting about half an hour consisting of only new material.83 Another tour took place in late October and lasted less than four weeks. Stops on this tour included Italy, Switzerland, France, England, Scotland, Germany, Ireland, and Denmark.84 In late November, Björk was diagnosed with a kidney infection and while she was still healthy she was advised to take a three-week rest and was forced to cancel her American tour.85 In 1998, a North American tour with Radiohead was announced but canceled later due to difficulty of changing the stage between performances of the acts.86 Björk had another tour in the middle of 1998 through Europe, and outside of the continent through other countries, including Chile, Brazil and Argentina.87 Opening acts for portions of the tour included electronic musician μ-Ziq.88

Singles

"Jóga" was released as the lead single from Homogenic on 15 September 1997 to widespread critical acclaim. It peaked atop the Íslenski Listinn Topp 40 in Iceland,89 while reaching the top 20 in Finland.90 Due to its formats, it was initially ineligible to enter the UK Singles Chart, but later peaked at number 191.91 Its mostly computer-animated accompanying music video was directed by Michel Gondry and focuses primarily on different Icelandic terrains and landscapes with Björk's presence only in the beginning and towards the end.92

"Bachelorette" was released as the second single on 8 December. While less successful than "Jóga" in Björk's native Iceland, peaking at number six,93 it was an improvement from "Jóga" in the United Kingdom, where it peaked at numbers 21 and two on the UK Singles Chart and UK Indie Chart, respectively.94 Gondry returned to direct the music video for "Bachelorette", which features Björk as Bachelorette, a woman who finds a book titled My Story buried in her garden which begins to write itself, describing what Bachelorette does as she describes it. It won the MTV Video Music Award for Best Art Direction and was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video.

"Hunter" was released as the third single on 5 October 1998. Despite being critically acclaimed, it was a commercial failure, as it peaked only at number 44 on the UK Singles Chart.95 Its accompanying music video, directed by Paul White, features a close-up of a bald Björk singing into the camera as she morphs into a polar bear and then back to her original state.96

"Alarm Call" was originally scheduled for release as the third single, but switched places with "Hunter".97 It was released as the fourth single on 30 November 1998 and returned Björk to the top ten of Íslenski Listinn Topp 40, as its French mix peaked at number ten.98 In the UK, the song peaked at numbers 33 and three on the UK Singles Chart and UK Indie Chart, respectively.99 The song's accompanying music video was directed by Alexander McQueen,100 who designed the cover artwork for Homogenic, and features Björk floating on a raft on a river in the jungle and her scenes are intercut with footage of snakes, crocodiles, and other animals, with Björk playing with them.

"All Is Full of Love" was released as the fifth and final single on 7 June 1999. DVD single was simultaneously released; some publications regard it as the first DVD single release ever.101102 Critically acclaimed, the song peaked at numbers 24 and three on the UK Singles Chart and UK Indie Chart, respectively.103 It became the only single from Homogenic to enter a chart in the United States, peaking at number eight on the Dance/Electronic Singles Sales chart.104 Directed by Chris Cunningham, the song's music video depicts Björk as a robot being assembled in a factory, who passionately kisses another robot. The video is often cited as one of the best of all time and a milestone in computer animation; it has been displayed in art exhibitions and was on display at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.105

Critical reception

Professional ratings
Contemporary reviews
Review scores
SourceRating
Chicago Tribune106
Entertainment WeeklyA107
The Guardian108
Los Angeles Times109
Music Week110
NME9/10111
The Philadelphia Inquirer112
Pitchfork9.9/10113
Rolling Stone114
Spin9/10115
The Times7/10116
Uncut117

Homogenic received widespread acclaim from critics. David Browne of Entertainment Weekly stated that "Homogenic could have been stuffy and dull — Sting with a sex-change operation. It's a testament to Bjork's continued weirdness that even overtures toward adulthood come out delightfully skewed".118 Neva Chonin of Rolling Stone cited it as "one of the boldest – and most exciting – albums of the year",119 while Los Angeles Times critic Richard Cromelin wrote that it "affirms [Björk's] stature as one of pop music's most uncompromising adventurers".120 NME's Ted Kessler praised Homogenic as Björk's best album and "her most emotional, highly charged and groovy record, as well as a stinging triumph for the spirit of adventure,"121 while The Philadelphia Inquirer remarked that it "boldly ventures into the techno future while never losing its intensely personal vision and human heart".122 In another positive review, Spin opined that with the album, Björk didn't "demonize the artificial and assign innocence to the natural."123 The Chicago Tribune stated that her voice on Homogenic was "like a beacon guiding the listener through a strange, wonderful forest of sound."124

Caroline Sullivan of The Guardian praised the "emotional kick" that she found Post lacked, in addition to lyricism she found to be "less opaque".125 Though Music Week praised the album for its "darker atmosphere" and "more consistent sound",126 a more negative review came from Stephen Thompson of The A.V. Club, who said in contrast that "Homogenic is stylish enough, and it's as restlessly creative as you'd expect, but the album rarely gives Björk's songs a chance to assert themselves".127

Accolades

American critics rated Homogenic highly in year-end polls. It ranked at number nine in The Village Voice's Pazz & Jop critics' poll,128 while Spin ranked it number four in their "Top 20 Albums of the Year".129 In Britain, Melody Maker ranked it at number 33 in the "Albums of the Year" and NME placed it at number 15 in a critics' poll.130131 In 2024, the album was ranked at number 45 on Apple Music's 100 Best albums of All Time.132

Homogenic was nominated in the Best Alternative Music Performance category at the 40th Annual Grammy Awards (1998), losing to Radiohead's OK Computer.133134

Michel Gondry's music video for "Bachelorette" was nominated for Best Short Form Music Video at the 41st Annual Grammy Awards (1999), but lost to Jonas Åkerlund's video for Madonna's "Ray of Light".135136 At the next year's ceremony, Chris Cunningham's video for "All Is Full of Love" was nominated for the same award, but lost to Korn's "Freak on a Leash".137

Homogenic earned Björk the Brit Award for International Female Solo Artist at the 1998 ceremony. Accepting the award, she declared: "I am grateful grapefruit."138

Bloc Party frontman Kele Okereke cited it as his favourite album. "She's a real genius," he said. "No one's been as radical or innovative and still made pop music. I got into it when I was first discovering music. It still has a deep resonance for me."139

Commercial performance

Homogenic debuted and peaked at number four on the UK Albums Chart on 4 October 1997, spending 17 weeks on the chart.140 It debuted at number six on the Australian Albums Chart on 12 October 1997,141 but descended to number 45 after five weeks on the chart. The album debuted at number eight on the New Zealand Albums Chart on 12 October 1997,142 and peaked at number six the following week, but descended after six weeks on the chart.143

In the United States, Homogenic debuted at number 28 on the Billboard 200, spending a total of nine weeks inside the chart, where its final position was at number 164.144 The album was certified gold on 1 August 2001 by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipments of 500,000 copies.145146 Homogenic debuted at twenty on the Canadian Albums Chart, becoming Björk's first album to enter the chart but spent only one week there.147 It was certified gold by the Music Canada on 12 June 1998.148149

Impact and legacy

Professional ratings
Retrospective reviews
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic150
Pitchfork10/10151
The Rolling Stone Album Guide152
Slant Magazine153
Spin154

In the years following its release, Homogenic has continued to receive acclaim from critics, audiences and musicians. In a retrospective review, Heather Phares of AllMusic cited Homogenic as being more emotionally deep than any of Björk's previous work and called it a "seamless fusion of chilly strings, stuttering, abstract beats, and unique touches like an accordion and glass harmonica."155 In 2002, Homogenic placed at number ten on Slant Magazine's list of "The Greatest Electronic Albums of the 20th Century".156 In 2003, it was placed at number 21 on the music webzine Pitchfork's list of the top one hundred albums of the 1990s, in which it was praised as "one of the most perfectly formed records of any era, and it is entirely possible that Björk will never approach this level of consistently enrapturing beauty again".157 In 2007, Slant Magazine critic Sal Cinquemani wrote that "if not the greatest electronic album of all time, it's certainly the greatest of its decade".158 The same year, Spin writer Phoebe Reilly called it Björk's "most sublime and vulnerable album" in a career retrospective.159 In 2011, Slant Magazine placed the album at number one on their list of best albums of the 1990s.160 In 2017, Philip Sherburne of Pitchfork observed that it "showcased a newly focused side of the musician while embracing all of her most provocative contradictions."161 In 2020, Rolling Stone ranked the album at number 202 on its "500 Greatest Albums of All Time" list.162 In 2023, British GQ ranked it at number four on their list of ten best electronic albums of all time.163

According to Tiny Mix Tapes, Homogenic is "one of the most groundbreaking albums of all-time, an album that assuredly caused countless hearts to soar." With Homogenic, Björk has been credited for connecting art pop to electronic dance music.164 Philip Sherburne of Pitchfork described the album as impactful on Björk's own discography, stating: "In retrospect, it's easy to see the way that Homogenic paves the way for later career triumphs like Vespertine and Vulnicura: In its formal audacity and sustained emotional intensity, it represents a phase shift from Debut and Post, fine though they were."165 In an interview with Spin, Radiohead singer Thom Yorke called the song "Unravel" "one of the most beautiful songs I've ever heard."166 The band would cover the song as part of a 2007 live webcast.167 Their guitarist Ed O'Brien claimed Björk inspired them to change their musical style for their fourth studio album Kid A (2000), stating: "I think we've all been a bit envious about the way Björk has been able to reinvent music."168 Homogenic has also been noted to have had influence on Kanye West by various sources, as he departed hip hop in favor of a more experimental sound for his fourth studio album 808s & Heartbreak (2008).169170

Track listing

All tracks are written by Björk, except where noted

Homogenic – Standard edition171172173
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."Hunter" 4:13
2."Jóga"
  • Björk
  • Bell
5:05
3."Unravel"
  • Björk
  • Sigsworth
3:17
4."Bachelorette"
  • Björk
  • Sjón
Björk5:16
5."All Neon Like" 
  • Björk
  • Bell
5:52
6."5 Years" 
  • Björk
  • Bell
4:29
7."Immature" Bell3:06
8."Alarm Call" 
  • Björk
  • Bell
4:19
9."Pluto"
  • Björk
  • Bell
  • Björk
  • Bell
3:19
10."All Is Full of Love" Howie B4:32
Total length:43:32
Homogenic – Japanese limited edition (bonus tracks)174175
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
11."Jóga" (Howie B Main Mix)
  • Björk
  • Sjón
  • Björk
  • Bell
  • Howie B
5:03
12."Sod Off" 
  • Björk
  • Bell
2:56
13."Immature" (Björk's version) Björk2:50
14."So Broken" Björk6:01
15."Nature Is Ancient (a.k.a. My Snare)"
  • Björk
  • Bell
  • Björk
  • Bell
3:39
16."Jóga" (Alec Empire Remix)
  • Björk
  • Sjón
8:46
Total length:73:09
Homogenic – Spain 2CD edition (bonus disc)176
No.TitleProducer(s)Length
1."So Broken"Björk6:01
Total length:49:36
Homogenic – SurroundedDualDisc edition (bonus DVD)
No.TitleLength
1."Jóga" (music video)2:19
2."Bachelorette" (music video)5:26
3."Hunter" (music video)5:51
4."Alarm Call" (music video)5:45
5."All Is Full of Love" (music video)5:01
Total length:24:22

Personnel

Credits adapted from the liner notes of Homogenic.177

Musicians Technical personnel
  • Björk – arrangements, programming, production
  • Howie B – programming, production, mixing
  • Mark Bell – programming, production, drum programming, crew
  • Danny Joe Brown Band – programming, mixing assistance
  • Richard Brown – programming
  • Kirsten Cowie – mixing assistance, assistance
  • Eumir Deodato – arrangements, orchestration, transcription
  • Marius de Vries – programming
  • Markus Dravs – programming, production, engineering, drum programming, crew
  • Jason Groucott – mixing assistance, assistance
  • James Loughrey – mixing assistance, assistance
  • Sie Medway-Smith – mixing assistance, assistance
  • Rob Murphy – mixing assistance, assistance
  • Nilesh Patel – mastering178
  • Russel Polden – mixing assistance, assistance
  • Steve Price – engineering
  • Guy Sigsworth – production
  • Tony Stanton – copying
  • Mark "Spike" Stent – mixing, crew
  • Rebecca Storey – mixing assistance, assistance
  • Paul Walton – mixing assistance
  • Jason Westbrook – mixing assistance, assistance
Artwork

Charts

Weekly charts

Weekly chart performance for Homogenic
Chart (1997)Peakposition
Australian Albums (ARIA)1796
Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)1805
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)1816
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)18213
Canadian Albums (Billboard)18320
Danish Albums (Hitlisten)1841
Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)18512
European Albums (Music & Media)1864
Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista)18710
French Albums (SNEP)1882
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)18910
Greek Albums (IFPI)19010
Hungarian Albums (MAHASZ)19131
Icelandic Albums (Tónlist)1921
Japanese Albums (Oricon)19316
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)1946
Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)1953
Portuguese Albums (AFP)1964
Scottish Albums (OCC)1978
Spanish Albums (AFYVE)19833
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)1995
Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)20013
UK Albums (OCC)2014
UK Independent Albums (OCC)2022
US Billboard 20020328

Year-end charts

1997 year-end chart performance for Homogenic
Chart (1997)Position
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)20481
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)20595
European Albums (Music & Media)20654
French Albums (SNEP)20743
1998 year-end chart performance for Homogenic
Chart (1998)Position
French Albums (SNEP)20856

Certifications and sales

Certifications for Homogenic
RegionCertificationCertified units/sales
Canada (Music Canada)209Gold50,000^
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)210Gold30,000211
Iceland—8,000212
Norway—28,000213
Japan (RIAJ)214Gold100,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)215Gold25,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)216Gold216,000217
United States (RIAA)218Gold501,000219
Summaries
Europe (IFPI)220Platinum1,000,000*

* Sales figures based on certification alone.^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

Release history

Release dates and formats for Homogenic
RegionDateEdition(s)Format(s)Label(s)Ref.
Japan20 September 1997
  • Standard
  • limited
CDPolydor221
Germany22 September 1997StandardMother222
United KingdomOne Little Indian223
United States23 September 1997Elektra224
3 August 2004Digital download225
25 July 2006SurroundedDualDisc226
Japan7 September 2011StandardSHM-CDUniversal Music227
United Kingdom9 March 2015VinylOne Little Indian228
Various29 January 2016229230231
United Kingdom26 April 2019Cassette (reissue)232

See also

  • 1990s portal

Notes

Bibliography

References

  1. Homogenic is officially considered to be Björk's third solo album,[3][4] although technically it can be viewed as fourth if to count her 1977 juvenilia work, or fifth, counting in her 1990 jazz output Gling-Gló. ↩

  2. Pytlik 2003, p. 119 - Pytlik, Mark (2003). Björk: Wow and Flutter. ECW Press. ISBN 1-55022-556-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=bill263dqDAC ↩

  3. Pytlik 2003, p. 120 - Pytlik, Mark (2003). Björk: Wow and Flutter. ECW Press. ISBN 1-55022-556-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=bill263dqDAC ↩

  4. Pytlik 2003, p. 120 - Pytlik, Mark (2003). Björk: Wow and Flutter. ECW Press. ISBN 1-55022-556-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=bill263dqDAC ↩

  5. Colin, Chris (1 May 2001). "Salon.com People Björk". Salon.com. Retrieved 22 November 2015. http://www.salon.com/2001/05/01/bjork/ ↩

  6. Pytlik 2003, p. 121 - Pytlik, Mark (2003). Björk: Wow and Flutter. ECW Press. ISBN 1-55022-556-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=bill263dqDAC ↩

  7. Pytlik 2003, p. 121 - Pytlik, Mark (2003). Björk: Wow and Flutter. ECW Press. ISBN 1-55022-556-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=bill263dqDAC ↩

  8. Pytlik 2003, p. 121 - Pytlik, Mark (2003). Björk: Wow and Flutter. ECW Press. ISBN 1-55022-556-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=bill263dqDAC ↩

  9. Thompson, Dave. "( Homogenic (Japan Bonus Tracks) > Overview )". AllMusic. Retrieved 17 March 2018. https://www.allmusic.com/album/release/homogenic-japan-bonus-tracks-mr0001107513 ↩

  10. Pytlik 2003, p. 121 - Pytlik, Mark (2003). Björk: Wow and Flutter. ECW Press. ISBN 1-55022-556-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=bill263dqDAC ↩

  11. Pytlik 2003, p. 121 - Pytlik, Mark (2003). Björk: Wow and Flutter. ECW Press. ISBN 1-55022-556-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=bill263dqDAC ↩

  12. Pytlik 2003, p. 121 - Pytlik, Mark (2003). Björk: Wow and Flutter. ECW Press. ISBN 1-55022-556-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=bill263dqDAC ↩

  13. Pytlik 2003, p. 122 - Pytlik, Mark (2003). Björk: Wow and Flutter. ECW Press. ISBN 1-55022-556-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=bill263dqDAC ↩

  14. Pytlik 2003, p. 123 - Pytlik, Mark (2003). Björk: Wow and Flutter. ECW Press. ISBN 1-55022-556-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=bill263dqDAC ↩

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