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Hydration isomerism

In coordination chemistry, hydration isomerism is a kind of isomerism that is observed in some solids. Hydration isomers have identical formula but differ with respect to the numbers of water ligands.

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Examples

One example is the pair [CrCl(H2O)5]Cl2•H2O and [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3.¹ The former has one water of crystallization but the latter does not.

Another example is the pair of titanium(III) chlorides, [Ti(H2O)6]Cl3 and [Ti(H2O)4Cl2]Cl(H2O)2. The former is violet and the latter, with two molecules of water of crystallization, is green.²

References

Barbier, J. P.; Kappenstein, C.; Hugel, R. (1972). "The Hydration Isomers of Chromium(III) Chloride". Journal of Chemical Education. 49 (3): 204. Bibcode:1972JChEd..49..204B. doi:10.1021/ed049p204. /wiki/Bibcode_(identifier) ↩
Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 965. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8. 978-0-08-037941-8 ↩