• Images
• Videos
• Documents
• Books
• Articles

List of isotopes

Iridium-192

Main article: Iridium-192

Iridium-192 (symbol 192Ir) is a radioactive isotope of iridium, with a half-life of 73.83 days.²³ It decays by emitting beta (β) particles and gamma (γ) radiation. About 96% of 192Ir decays occur via emission of β and γ radiation, leading to 192Pt. Some of the β particles are captured by other 192Ir nuclei, which are then converted to 192Os. Electron capture is responsible for the remaining 4% of 192Ir decays.²⁴ Iridium-192 is normally produced by neutron activation of natural-abundance iridium metal.²⁵

Iridium-192 is a very strong gamma ray emitter, with a gamma dose-constant of approximately 1.54 μSv·h−1·MBq−1 at 30 cm, and a specific activity of 341 TBq·g−1 (9.22 kCi·g−1).²⁶²⁷ There are seven principal energy packets produced during its disintegration process ranging from just over 0.2 to about 0.6 MeV.

The 192m2Ir isomer is unusual, both for its long half-life for an isomer, and that said half-life greatly exceeds that of the ground state of the same isotope.

• Isotope masses from:
  • Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
• Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
  • de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
  • Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
• "News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
• Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
  • Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
  • National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
  • Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

External links

• NLM Hazardous Substances Databank – Iridium, Radioactive (referring to iridium-192)

References

1. Belli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Danevich, F. A.; et al. (2019). "Experimental searches for rare alpha and beta decays". European Physical Journal A. 55 (8): 140–1–140–7. arXiv:1908.11458. Bibcode:2019EPJA...55..140B. doi:10.1140/epja/i2019-12823-2. ISSN 1434-601X. S2CID 201664098. /wiki/ArXiv_(identifier) ↩

2. Half-life, decay mode, nuclear spin, and isotopic composition is sourced in:Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S. (2017). "The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 41 (3): 030001. Bibcode:2017ChPhC..41c0001A. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001. https://www-nds.iaea.org/amdc/ame2016/NUBASE2016.pdf ↩

3. mIr – Excited nuclear isomer. /wiki/Nuclear_isomer ↩

4. Wang, M.; Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Xu, X. (2017). "The AME2016 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs, and references" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 41 (3): 030003-1 – 030003-442. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030003. http://nuclearmasses.org/resources_folder/Wang_2017_Chinese_Phys_C_41_030003.pdf ↩

5. ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. ↩

6. # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS). ↩

7. # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN). ↩

8. Modes of decay: EC:Electron captureIT:Isomeric transitionp:Proton emission /wiki/Electron_capture ↩

9. Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable. ↩

10. Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable. ↩

11. ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments. ↩

12. # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN). ↩

13. # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN). ↩

14. Drummond, M. C.; O'Donnell, D.; Page, R. D.; Joss, D. T.; Capponi, L.; Cox, D. M.; Darby, I. G.; Donosa, L.; Filmer, F.; Grahn, T.; Greenlees, P. T.; Hauschild, K.; Herzan, A.; Jakobsson, U.; Jones, P. M.; Julin, R.; Juutinen, S.; Ketelhut, S.; Leino, M.; Lopez-Martens, A.; Mistry, A. K.; Nieminen, P.; Peura, P.; Rahkila, P.; Rinta-Antila, S.; Ruotsalainen, P.; Sandzelius, M.; Sarén, J.; Sayğı, B.; Scholey, C.; Simpson, J.; Sorri, J.; Thornthwaite, A.; Uusitalo, J. (16 June 2014). "α decay of the π h 11 / 2 isomer in Ir 164". Physical Review C. 89 (6): 064309. Bibcode:2014PhRvC..89f4309D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.89.064309. ISSN 0556-2813. Retrieved 21 June 2023. https://journals.aps.org/prc/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevC.89.064309 ↩

15. Hilton, Joshua Ben. "Decays of new nuclides 169Au, 170Hg, 165Pt and the ground state of 165Ir discovered using MARA". University of Liverpool. ProQuest 2448649087. Retrieved 21 June 2023. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2448649087 ↩

16. Drummond, M. C.; O'Donnell, D.; Page, R. D.; Joss, D. T.; Capponi, L.; Cox, D. M.; Darby, I. G.; Donosa, L.; Filmer, F.; Grahn, T.; Greenlees, P. T.; Hauschild, K.; Herzan, A.; Jakobsson, U.; Jones, P. M.; Julin, R.; Juutinen, S.; Ketelhut, S.; Leino, M.; Lopez-Martens, A.; Mistry, A. K.; Nieminen, P.; Peura, P.; Rahkila, P.; Rinta-Antila, S.; Ruotsalainen, P.; Sandzelius, M.; Sarén, J.; Sayğı, B.; Scholey, C.; Simpson, J.; Sorri, J.; Thornthwaite, A.; Uusitalo, J. (16 June 2014). "α decay of the π h 11 / 2 isomer in Ir 164". Physical Review C. 89 (6): 064309. Bibcode:2014PhRvC..89f4309D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.89.064309. ISSN 0556-2813. Retrieved 21 June 2023. https://journals.aps.org/prc/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevC.89.064309 ↩

17. Janiak, Ł.; Gierlik, M.; Kosinski, T.; Matusiak, M.; Madejowski, G.; Wronka, S.; Rzadkiewicz, J. (2024). "Half-life of 190Ir". Physical Review C. 110 (014306). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.110.014306. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩

18. Janiak, Ł.; Gierlik, M.; Kosinski, T.; Matusiak, M.; Madejowski, G.; Wronka, S.; Rzadkiewicz, J. (2024). "Half-life of 190Ir". Physical Review C. 110 (014306). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.110.014306. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩

19. Janiak, Ł.; Gierlik, M.; Kosinski, T.; Matusiak, M.; Madejowski, G.; Wronka, S.; Rzadkiewicz, J. (2024). "Half-life of 190Ir". Physical Review C. 110 (014306). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.110.014306. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩

20. Janiak, Ł.; Gierlik, M.; Kosinski, T.; Matusiak, M.; Madejowski, G.; Wronka, S.; Rzadkiewicz, J. (2024). "Half-life of 190Ir". Physical Review C. 110 (014306). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.110.014306. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩

21. Believed to undergo α decay to 187Re ↩

22. Believed to undergo α decay to 189Re ↩

23. "Radioisotope Brief: Iridium-192 (Ir-192)". Retrieved 20 March 2012. https://emergency.cdc.gov/radiation/isotopes/iridium.asp ↩

24. Baggerly, Leo L. (1956). The radioactive decay of Iridium-192 (PDF) (Ph.D. thesis). Pasadena, Calif.: California Institute of Technology. pp. 1, 2, 7. doi:10.7907/26VA-RB25. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/750/1/Baggerly_ll_1956.pdf ↩

25. "Isotope Supplier: Stable Isotopes and Radioisotopes from ISOFLEX - Iridium-192". www.isoflex.com. Retrieved 2017-10-11. https://www.isoflex.com/products/radioisotopes/iridium-isotopes ↩

26. Delacroix, D; Guerre, J P; Leblanc, P; Hickman, C (2002). Radionuclide and Radiation Protection Data Handbook (PDF). Radiation Protection Dosimetry. Vol. 98, no. 1 (2nd ed.). Ashford, Kent: Nuclear Technology Publishing. pp. 9–168. doi:10.1093/OXFORDJOURNALS.RPD.A006705. ISBN 1870965876. PMID 11916063. S2CID 123447679. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-08-22. 1870965876 ↩

27. Unger, L M; Trubey, D K (May 1982). Specific Gamma-Ray Dose Constants for Nuclides Important to Dosimetry and Radiological Assessment (PDF) (Report). Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 March 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180322020815/https://www.orau.org/documents/ivhp/health-physics/ornl-rsic-45.pdf ↩