Isotopes of bismuth - Reference.org

On this page

Isotopes of bismuth

Bismuth (83Bi) has 41 known isotopes, ranging from 184Bi to 224Bi. Bismuth has no stable isotopes, but does have one very long-lived isotope; thus, the standard atomic weight can be given as 208.98040(1). Although bismuth-209 is now known to be radioactive, it has classically been considered to be a stable isotope because it has a half-life of approximately 2.01×1019 years, which is more than a billion times the age of the universe. Besides 209Bi, the most stable bismuth radioisotopes are 210mBi with a half-life of 3.04 million years, 208Bi with a half-life of 368,000 years and 207Bi, with a half-life of 32.9 years, none of which occur in nature. All other isotopes have half-lives under 1 year, most under a day. Of naturally occurring radioisotopes, the most stable is radiogenic 210Bi with a half-life of 5.012 days. 210mBi is unusual for being a nuclear isomer with a half-life multiple orders of magnitude longer than that of the ground state.

List of isotopes

Nuclide¹	Historicname	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da)² ³ ⁴	Half-life ⁵ ⁶	Decaymode ⁷ ⁸	Daughterisotope ⁹	Spin andparity ¹⁰ ¹¹ ¹²	Isotopicabundance
Nuclide¹	Historicname	Excitation energy¹³			Half-life ⁵ ⁶	Decaymode ⁷ ⁸	Daughterisotope ⁹	Spin andparity ¹⁰ ¹¹ ¹²	Isotopicabundance
184Bi¹⁴		83	101	184.00135(13)#	6.6(15) ms	α	180Tl	3+#
184mBi¹⁵		150(100)# keV			13(2) ms	α	180Tl	10−#
185Bi¹⁶		83	102	184.99760(9)#	2.8+2.3−1.0 μs	p (92%)	184Pb	(1/2+)
185Bi¹⁶		83	102	184.99760(9)#	2.8+2.3−1.0 μs	α (8%)	181Tl	(1/2+)
185mBi		70(50)# keV			58(2) μs	IT	185Bi	(7/2−, 9/2−)
186Bi		83	103	185.996623(18)	14.8(7) ms	α (99.99%)	182Tl	(3+)
						β+ (?%)	186Pb
						β+, SF (0.011%)	(various)
186mBi¹⁷		170(100)# keV			9.8(4) ms	α (99.99%)	182Tl	(10−)
						β+ (?%)	186Pb
						β+, SF (0.011%)	(various)
187Bi		83	104	186.993147(11)	37(2) ms	α	183Tl	(9/2−)
187m1Bi		108(8) keV			370(20) μs	α	183Tl	1/2+
187m2Bi		252(3) keV			7(5) μs	IT	187Bi	(13/2+)
188Bi		83	105	187.992276(12)	60(3) ms	α	184Tl	(3+)
188Bi		83	105	187.992276(12)	60(3) ms	β+, SF (0.0014%)	(various)	(3+)
188m1Bi		66(30) keV			>5 μs			7+#
188m2Bi		153(30) keV			265(15) ms	α	184Tl	(10−)
188m2Bi		153(30) keV			265(15) ms	β+, SF (0.0046%)	(various)	(10−)
189Bi		83	106	188.989195(22)	688(5) ms	α	185Tl	9/2−
189m1Bi		184(5) keV			5.0(1) ms	α (83%)	185Tl	1/2+
189m1Bi		184(5) keV			5.0(1) ms	IT (17%)	189Bi	1/2+
189m2Bi		357.6(5) keV			880(50) ns	IT	189Bi	13/2+
190Bi		83	107	189.988625(23)	6.3(1) s	α (77%)	186Tl	(3+)
						β+ (23%)	190Pb
						β+, SF (6×10−6%)	(various)
190m1Bi		120(40) keV			6.2(1) s	α (70%)	186Tl	10−
						β+ (30%)	190Pb
						β+, SF (4×10−6%)	(various)
190m2Bi		121(15) keV			175(8) ns	IT	190Bi	(5−)
190m3Bi		394(40) keV			1.3(8) μs	IT	190Bi	(8−)
191Bi		83	108	190.985787(8)	12.4(3) s	α (51%)	187Tl	9/2−
191Bi		83	108	190.985787(8)	12.4(3) s	β+ (49%)	191Pb	9/2−
191m1Bi		242(4) keV			125(8) ms	α (68%)	187Tl	1/2+
						IT (?%)	191Bi
						β+ (?%)	191Pb
191m2Bi		429.7(5) keV			562(10) ns	IT	191Bi	13/2+
191m3Bi		1875(25)# keV			400(40) ns	IT	191Bi	25/2-#
192Bi		83	109	191.98547(3)	34.6(9) s	β+ (88%)	192Pb	(3+)
192Bi		83	109	191.98547(3)	34.6(9) s	α (12%)	188Tl	(3+)
192mBi		140(30) keV			39.6(4) s	β+ (90%)	192Pb	10−
192mBi		140(30) keV			39.6(4) s	α (10%)	188Tl	10−
193Bi		83	110	192.982947(8)	63.6(30) s	β+ (96.5%)	193Pb	9/2−
193Bi		83	110	192.982947(8)	63.6(30) s	α (3.5%)	189Tl	9/2−
193m1Bi		305(6) keV			3.20(14) s	α (84%)	189Tl	1/2+
193m1Bi		305(6) keV			3.20(14) s	β+ (16%)	193Pb	1/2+
193m2Bi		605.53(18) keV			153(10) ns	IT	193Bi	13/2+
193m3Bi		2349.6(6) keV			85(3) μs	IT	193Bi	29/2+
193m4Bi		2405.1(7) keV			3.02(8) μs	IT	193Bi	(29/2−)
194Bi		83	111	193.982799(6)	95(3) s	β+ (99.54%)	194Pb	3+
194Bi		83	111	193.982799(6)	95(3) s	α (0.46%)	190Tl	3+
194m1Bi		150(50) keV			125(2) s	β+	194Pb	(6+, 7+)
194m2Bi		163(4) keV			115(4) s	β+ (99.80%)	194Pb	(10−)
194m2Bi		163(4) keV			115(4) s	α (0.20%)	190Tl	(10−)
195Bi		83	112	194.980649(6)	183(4) s	β+ (99.97%)	195Pb	9/2−
195Bi		83	112	194.980649(6)	183(4) s	α (0.030%)	191Tl	9/2−
195m1Bi		399(6) keV			87(1) s	β+ (67%)	195Pb	1/2+
195m1Bi		399(6) keV			87(1) s	α (33%)	191Tl	1/2+
195m2Bi		2381.0(5) keV			614(5) ns	IT	195Bi	(29/2−)
195m3Bi		2615.9(5) keV			1.49(1) μs	IT	195Bi	29/2+
196Bi		83	113	195.980667(26)	5.13(20) min	β+	196Pb	(3+)
196Bi		83	113	195.980667(26)	5.13(20) min	α (0.00115%)	192Tl	(3+)
196m1Bi		166.4(29) keV			0.6(5) s	IT	196Bi	(7+)
196m2Bi		272(3) keV			4.00(5) min	β+ (74.2%)	196Pb	(10−)
						IT (25.8%)	196Bi
						α (3.8×10−4%)	196Bi
197Bi		83	114	196.978865(9)	9.33(50) min	β+	197Pb	9/2−
197m1Bi		533(12) keV			5.04(16) min	α (55%)	193Tl	1/2+
197m1Bi		533(12) keV			5.04(16) min	β+ (45%)	197Pb	1/2+
197m2Bi		2403(12) keV			263(13) ns	IT	197Bi	(29/2−)
197m3Bi		2929.5(5) keV			209(30) ns	IT	197Bi	(31/2−)
198Bi		83	115	197.979201(30)	10.3(3) min	β+	198Pb	3+
198m1Bi		290(40) keV			11.6(3) min	β+	198Pb	7+
198m2Bi		540(40) keV			7.7(5) s	IT	198Bi	10−
199Bi		83	116	198.977673(11)	27(1) min	β+	199Pb	9/2−
199m1Bi		667(3) keV			24.70(15) min	β+ (>98%)	199Pb	(1/2+)
						IT (<2%)	199Bi
						α (0.01%)	195Tl
199m2Bi		1962(23) keV			0.10(3) μs	IT	199Bi	25/2+#
199m3Bi		2548(23) keV			168(13) ns	IT	199Bi	29/2−#
200Bi		83	117	199.978131(24)	36.4(5) min	β+	200Pb	7+
200m1Bi¹⁸		100(70)# keV			31(2) min	β+ (?%)	200Pb	(2+)
200m1Bi¹⁸		100(70)# keV			31(2) min	IT (?%)	200Bi	(2+)
200m2Bi		428.20(10) keV			400(50) ms	IT	200Bi	(10−)
201Bi		83	118	200.976995(13)	103(3) min	β+	201Pb	9/2−
201m1Bi		846.35(18) keV			57.5(21) min	β+	201Pb	1/2+
201m1Bi		846.35(18) keV			57.5(21) min	α (?%)	197Tl	1/2+
201m2Bi		1973(23) keV			118(28) ns	IT	201Bi	25/2+#
201m3Bi		2012(23) keV			105(75) ns	IT	201Bi	27/2+#
201m4Bi		2781(23) keV			124(4) ns	IT	201Bi	29/2−#
202Bi		83	119	201.977723(15)	1.72(5) h	β+	202Pb	5+
202Bi		83	119	201.977723(15)	1.72(5) h	α (<10−5%)	198Tl	5+
202m1Bi		625(12) keV			3.04(6) μs	IT	202Bi	10−#
202m2Bi		2617(12) keV			310(50) ns	IT	202Bi	(17+)
203Bi		83	120	202.976892(14)	11.76(5) h	β+	203Pb	9/2−
203m1Bi		1098.21(9) keV			305(5) ms	IT	203Bi	1/2+
203m2Bi		2041.5(6) keV			194(30) ns	IT	203Bi	25/2+
204Bi		83	121	203.977836(10)	11.22(10) h	β+	204Pb	6+
204m1Bi		805.5(3) keV			13.0(1) ms	IT	204Bi	10−
204m2Bi		2833.4(11) keV			1.07(3) ms	IT	204Bi	17+
205Bi		83	122	204.977385(5)	14.91(7) d	β+	205Pb	9/2−
205m1Bi		1497.17(9) keV			7.9(7) μs	IT	205Bi	1/2+
205m2Bi		2064.7(4) keV			100(6) ns	IT	205Bi	21/2+
205m3Bi		2139.0(7) keV			220(25) ns	IT	205Bi	25/2+
206Bi		83	123	205.978499(8)	6.243(3) d	β+	206Pb	6+
206m1Bi		59.897(17) keV			7.7(2) μs	IT	206Bi	4+
206m2Bi		1044.8(7) keV			890(10) μs	IT	206Bi	10−
206m3Bi		9233.3(8) keV			155(15) ns	IT	206Bi	(28−)
206m4Bi		10170.5(8) keV			>2 μs	IT	206Bi	(31+)
207Bi		83	124	206.9784706(26)	31.22(17) y	β+	207Pb	9/2−
207mBi		2101.61(16) keV			182(6) μs	IT	207Bi	21/2+
208Bi		83	125	207.9797421(25)	3.68(4)×105 y	β+	208Pb	5+
208mBi		1571.1(4) keV			2.58(4) ms	IT	208Bi	10−
209Bi ¹⁹ ²⁰		83	126	208.9803986(15)	2.01(8)×1019 y²¹	α	205Tl	9/2−	1.0000
210Bi	Radium E	83	127	209.9841202(15)	5.012(5) d	β−	210Po	1−	Trace²²
210Bi	Radium E	83	127	209.9841202(15)	5.012(5) d	α (1.32×10−4%)	206Tl	1−	Trace²²
210mBi		271.31(11) keV			3.04(6)×106 y	α	206Tl	9−
211Bi	Actinium C	83	128	210.987269(6)	2.14(2) min	α (99.72%)	207Tl	9/2−	Trace²³
211Bi	Actinium C	83	128	210.987269(6)	2.14(2) min	β− (0.276%)	211Po	9/2−	Trace²³
211mBi		1257(10) keV			1.4(3) μs	IT	211Bi	(25/2−)
212Bi	Thorium C	83	129	211.991285(2)	60.55(6) min	β− (64.05%)	212Po	1−	Trace²⁴
						α (35.94%)	208Tl
						β−, α (0.014%)	208Pb
212m1Bi		250(30) keV			25.0(2) min	α (67%)	208Tl	(8−, 9−)
						β−, α (30%)	208Pb
						β− (3%)	212Po
212m2Bi		1479(30) keV			7.0(3) min	β−	212Po	(18−)
213Bi²⁵ ²⁶		83	130	212.994384(5)	45.60(4) min	β− (97.91%)	213Po	9/2−	Trace²⁷
213Bi²⁵ ²⁶		83	130	212.994384(5)	45.60(4) min	α (2.09%)	209Tl	9/2−	Trace²⁷
213mBi		1353(21) keV			>168 s			25/2−#
214Bi	Radium C	83	131	213.998711(12)	19.9(4) min	β− (99.98%)	214Po	1−	Trace²⁸
						α (0.021%)	210Tl
						β−, α (0.003%)	210Pb
214mBi		539(30) keV			>93 s			8−#
215Bi		83	132	215.001749(6)	7.62(13) min	β−	215Po	(9/2−)	Trace²⁹
215mBi		1367(20)# keV			36.9(6) s	IT (76.9%)	215Bi	(25/2−)
215mBi		1367(20)# keV			36.9(6) s	β− (23.1%)	215Po	(25/2−)
216Bi		83	133	216.006306(12)	2.21(4) min	β−	216Po	(6−, 7−)
216mBi³⁰		24(19) keV			6.6(21) min	β−	216Po	3−#
217Bi		83	134	217.009372(19)	98.5(13) s	β−	217Po	9/2−#
217mBi		1491(20) keV			3.0(2) μs	IT	217Bi	25/2−#
218Bi		83	135	218.014188(29)	33(1) s	β−	218Po	8−#
219Bi		83	136	219.01752(22)#	8.7(29) s	β−	219Po	9/2−#
220Bi		83	137	220.02250(32)#	9.5(57) s	β−	220Po	1−#
221Bi		83	138	221.02598(32)#	2# s[>300 ns]			9/2−#
222Bi		83	139	222.03108(32)#	3# s[>300 ns]			1−#
223Bi		83	140	223.03461(43)#	1# s[>300 ns]			9/2−#
224Bi		83	141	224.03980(43)#	1# s[>300 ns]			1−#
This table header & footer: view

Bismuth-213

Bismuth-213 (213Bi) has a half-life of 45 minutes and decays via alpha emission. Commercially, bismuth-213 can be produced by bombarding radium with bremsstrahlung photons from a linear particle accelerator, which populates its progenitor actinium-225. In 1997, an antibody conjugate with 213Bi was used to treat patients with leukemia. This isotope has also been tried in targeted alpha therapy (TAT) program to treat a variety of cancers.³¹ Bismuth-213 is also found in the decay chain of uranium-233, which is the fuel bred by thorium reactors.

Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
"News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

References

mBi – Excited nuclear isomer. /wiki/Nuclear_isomer ↩
Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. ↩
# – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS). ↩
Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae. https://www-nds.iaea.org/amdc/ame2020/NUBASE2020.pdf ↩
Bold half-life – nearly stable, half-life longer than age of universe. /wiki/Age_of_universe ↩
Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae. https://www-nds.iaea.org/amdc/ame2020/NUBASE2020.pdf ↩
Modes of decay: EC:Electron captureIT:Isomeric transitionp:Proton emission /wiki/Electron_capture ↩
Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable. ↩
Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae. https://www-nds.iaea.org/amdc/ame2020/NUBASE2020.pdf ↩
( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments. ↩
# – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN). ↩
# – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN). ↩
Andreyev, A. N.; Ackermann, D.; Heßberger, F. P.; Hofmann, S.; Huyse, M.; Kojouharov, I.; Kindler, B.; Lommel, B.; Münzenberg, G.; Page, R. D.; Vel, K. Van de; Duppen, P. Van; Heyde, K. (1 October 2003). "α-decay spectroscopy of light odd-odd Bi isotopes - II: 186Bi and the new nuclide 184Bi" (PDF). The European Physical Journal A. 18 (1): 55–64. Bibcode:2003EPJA...18...55A. doi:10.1140/epja/i2003-10051-1. ISSN 1434-601X. S2CID 122369569. Retrieved 20 June 2023. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epja/i2003-10051-1.pdf ↩
Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain. ↩
Doherty, D. T.; Andreyev, A. N.; Seweryniak, D.; Woods, P. J.; Carpenter, M. P.; Auranen, K.; Ayangeakaa, A. D.; Back, B. B.; Bottoni, S.; Canete, L.; Cubiss, J. G.; Harker, J.; Haylett, T.; Huang, T.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Jenkins, D. G.; Kondev, F. G.; Lauritsen, T.; Lederer-Woods, C.; Li, J.; Müller-Gatermann, C.; Potterveld, D.; Reviol, W.; Savard, G.; Stolze, S.; Zhu, S. (12 November 2021). "Solving the Puzzles of the Decay of the Heaviest Known Proton-Emitting Nucleus 185Bi". Physical Review Letters. 127 (20): 202501. Bibcode:2021PhRvL.127t2501D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.202501. hdl:20.500.11820/ac1e5604-7bba-4a25-a538-795ca4bdc875. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 34860042. S2CID 244089059. Retrieved 20 June 2023. https://journals.aps.org/prl/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.202501 ↩
Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain. ↩
Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain. ↩
Formerly believed to be final decay product of 4n+1 decay chain /wiki/Decay_product ↩
Primordial radioisotope, also some is radiogenic from the extinct nuclide 237Np /wiki/Primordial_nuclide ↩
Formerly believed to be the heaviest stable nuclide ↩
Intermediate decay product of 238U /wiki/Uranium-238 ↩
Intermediate decay product of 235U /wiki/Uranium-235 ↩
Intermediate decay product of 232Th /wiki/Thorium-232 ↩
Used in medicine such as for cancer treatment. /wiki/Nuclear_medicine ↩
A byproduct of thorium reactors via 233U. ↩
Intermediate decay product of 237Np /wiki/Neptunium-237 ↩
Intermediate decay product of 238U /wiki/Uranium-238 ↩
Intermediate decay product of 235U /wiki/Uranium-235 ↩
Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain. ↩
Imam, S (2001). "Advancements in cancer therapy with alpha-emitters: a review". International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 51 (1): 271–278. doi:10.1016/S0360-3016(01)01585-1. PMID 11516878. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩