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Kubuntu
Derivative of the Ubuntu operating system

Kubuntu is an official flavor of the Ubuntu operating system that uses the KDE Plasma Desktop Environment instead of the GNOME desktop environment. As part of the Ubuntu project, Kubuntu uses the same underlying systems. Kubuntu shares the same repositories as Ubuntu and is released regularly on the same schedule as Ubuntu.

Kubuntu was sponsored by Canonical Ltd. until 2012, and then directly by Blue Systems. Now, employees of Blue Systems contribute upstream to KDE and Debian, and Kubuntu development is led by community contributors. During the changeover, Kubuntu retained the use of Ubuntu project servers and existing developers.

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Name

"Kubuntu" is a registered trademark held by Canonical.5 It is derived from the name Ubuntu, prefixing a K to represent the KDE platform that Kubuntu is built upon (following a widespread naming convention of prefixing K to the name of any software released for use on KDE platforms), as well as the KDE community.

Ubuntu is a Bantu term translating roughly to 'humanity'. Since Bantu grammar involves prefixes to form noun classes, and the prefix ku- has the meaning 'toward' in Bemba, kubuntu is therefore also a meaningful Bemba word or phrase translating to 'toward humanity'. Reportedly, the same word, by coincidence, also takes the meaning of 'free' (in the sense of 'without payment') in Kirundi.6

Comparison with Ubuntu

Kubuntu typically differs from Ubuntu in graphical applications and tools:

SoftwareUbuntuKubuntu
Kernel and coreLinux kernel and Ubuntu core
Display serverX.Org Server and Wayland
Sound serverPipeWire
MultimediaGNOME Videos and RhythmboxVLC and Elisa
Window managerMutterKWin
Desktop EnvironmentGNOMEPlasma Desktop
Primary toolkitGTKQt
BrowserFirefox
Office suiteLibreOffice
Email and PIMThunderbird

History

Development started back in December 2004 at the Ubuntu Mataró Conference in Mataró, Spain7 when a Canonical employee Andreas Mueller, from Gnoppix, had the idea to make an Ubuntu KDE variant and got the approval from Mark Shuttleworth to start the first Ubuntu variant, called Kubuntu. On the same evening Chris Halls from the OpenOffice.org project and Jonathan Riddell from KDE started volunteering on the newborn project.

Shortly after Ubuntu was started, Mark Shuttleworth stated in an interview that he recognized the need for the KDE-based distribution in order to maintain diversity in Linux distributions, which in his belief aligns with Ubuntu project's overall purpose of increasing the adoption of free software.8

K Desktop Environment 3 was used as default interface until Kubuntu 8.04. That version included KDE Plasma Desktop as unsupported option which became default in the subsequent release, 8.10.9

On February 6, 2012 (2012-02-06), Canonical employee Jonathan Riddell announced the end of Canonical's Kubuntu sponsorship.10 On April 10, 2012 (2012-04-10), Blue Systems was announced on the Kubuntu website as the new sponsor.11 As a result, both developers employed by Canonical to work on Kubuntu–Jonathan Riddell and Aurélien Gâteau–transferred to Blue Systems.12

Since 2019, Kubuntu has partnered with MindShare Inc. to offer "Kubuntu Focus" laptops and mini-PCs optimized and supported specifically for the LTS releases.13

Releases

Kubuntu follows the same naming/versioning system as Ubuntu, with each release having a code name and a version number (based on the year and month of release). Canonical provides support and security updates for Kubuntu components that are shared with Ubuntu for 18 months – five years in case of long-term support (LTS) versions – after release.14 Both a desktop version and an alternative (installation) version (for the x86 and AMD64 platforms) are available. Kubuntu CDs were also available through the ShipIt service (which was discontinued as of April 2011).15

VersionRelease dateCode nameSupported until16Linux kernelKDE PlasmaQtNotes
5.042005-04-081718Hoary Hedgehog2006-10-312.6.1019—Initial release including KDE 3.4 and a selection of the most useful KDE programs. Some of these are not in the official KDE itself, including Amarok, Kaffeine, Gwenview, and K3b. Inclusion of update-manager/upgrade-notifier; Kickstart compatibility.
5.102005-10-132021Breezy Badger2007-04-132.6.1222KDE 3.4.3 and the Guidance configuration tools. It also comes with the Adept Package Manager, the first to make use of debtags for easier searching (replacing the Kynaptic package manager used in the previous release); System Settings, a re-organised kcontrol-like centre and KDE Bluetooth; Graphical boot process with progress bar (Usplash); OEM Installer Support; Launchpad tracking; GCC 4.0.
6.06 LTSArchived 24 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine2006-06-01232425Dapper Drake2009-062.6.1526Long Term Support (LTS) release; Live CD and Installer on one disc; Ubiquity installer; Adept Notifier and Simplified Installer; X Display Configuration from Guidance; Better Asian language support; Avahi networking software.
6.102006-10-262728Edgy Eft2008-042.6.1729KDE 3.5.5. This release adds the photo management application digiKam and accessibility profiles–benefiting people with disabilities. System Settings is also redesigned, and power management, laptop button support & networking are improved. Also features automated problem reports and Upstart.30
7.04Archived 4 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine2007-04-1931Feisty Fawn2008-102.6.2032KDE 3.5.6; Migration assistant; KVM; Easy codec/restricted drivers installation; System Settings restructured into General and Advanced categories; Improved Hewlett-Packard printer management; KNetworkManager included; WPA support; Topic-based help system; OEM installer update; PowerPC support officially dropped.
7.10Archived 29 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine2007-10-183334Gutsy Gibbon2009-04-182.6.2235New background art. Ships with Strigi and Dolphin by default. Qt port of GDebi graphical installer for package files. Includes Restricted Drivers Manager for the first time.36 New kubuntu-restricted-extras package is available for download from the repositories.
8.04&2008-04-2437Hardy Heron2009-102.6.2438It has two versions: KDE 3.5 and KDE 4.0 (With community support only). This version intends to provide feature parity with GNOME-based Ubuntu.39 This includes a port of system-config-printer to Qt to enable printer auto-detection, easy video codec installation in Kaffeine, a simple Compiz setup tool and inclusion of Bulletproof X in KDM,4041 and automatic grabbing and releasing of the mouse cursor when running on a VMware virtual machine. Unlike its Ubuntu counterpart, which is a long-term support release, Kubuntu 8.04 is not.42
8.102008-10-30Intrepid Ibex432010-04-30442.6.2745KDE 4.1.2 desktop environment by default, Linux 2.6.27, Xserver 1.5, Adept Manager 3, KNetworkManager 0.7, KWin desktop effects by default, various Kubuntu tool integration.
9.042009-04-23Jaunty Jackalope2010-102.6.2846KDE 4.2.2 desktop environment by default, kernel 2.6.28, Xserver 1.6, Adept superseded by KPackageKit,47 implementation of the ext4 filesystem, faster boot time,48 addition of community-supported PowerPC images49
9.102009-10-305051Karmic Koala2011-04-282.6.3152KDE 4.3.2 desktop environment by default, GRUB 2, init system moved to Upstart, kernel 2.6.31
10.04 LTS2010-04-29Lucid Lynx2013-05-092.6.3253Long Term Support (LTS) release. Security updates will be available for three years for desktops and five years for servers. KDE 4.4.2 desktop environment by default, kernel 2.6.32, KPackageKit 0.5.4, Firefox KDE integration, touchpad configuration module by default.
10.102010-10-105455Maverick Meerkat2012-042.6.3556KDE Software Compilation 4.5. Faster login. Default browser changed to rekonq. New Bluetooth stack. PulseAudio inclusion. Updated KPackageKit with categories. Global menu for netbook. Updated Installer. Combining of the Desktop and Netbook Editions (autodetection).
11.042011-04-28575859Natty Narwhal2012-10-282.6.38KDE SC 4.6, GStreamer multimedia backend for Phonon, GTK Oxygen theme, games in the default install, UDisks and UPower replace HAL.
11.102011-10-126061Oneiric Ocelot2013-05-093.0.3KDE SC 4.7, replacing KPackageKit with Muon Software Centre, Kubuntu low fat setting, OpenGL ES Powered Desktop Effects, KDE-PIM 4.7.262
12.04 LTS2012-04-256364Precise Pangolin2017-04-283.2.0The third Kubuntu LTS release. KDE SC 4.8
12.102012-10-1865Quantal Quetzal2014-043.5.566LibreOffice 3.6.2.2, rekonq 1.1, KDE SC 4.9.2
13.04Archived 4 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine2013-04-2567Raring Ringtail2014-01683.8.069KDE SC 4.10, Muon Suite 2, LibreOffice 4, Optional Homerun launcher, out-of-the-box MTP support
13.102013-10-1770Saucy Salamander2014-07-173.1171KDE SC 4.11.2, LibreOffice 4.1.2 rc3
14.04 LTS2014-04-1772Trusty Tahr2019-04-25733.1374KDE SC 4.13.0, LibreOffice 4.2.3.3. Default browser changed back to Firefox.
14.102014-10-23757677Utopic Unicorn2015-07-233.1678KDE SC 4.14, KDE Plasma 5 as technical preview.
15.042015-04-237980Vivid Vervet2015-123.195.2.2—KDE Plasma 5.2.2 is now the default desktop environment. Adaptation to systemd and to SDDM. Behind-the-scenes work on the change to Wayland.
15.102015-10-2281Wily Werewolf2016-07-224.2825.483Firefox 41.0, LibreOffice 5.0.
16.04 LTS2016-04-2184Xenial Xerus2019-04-21854.4865.5.587Firefox 45, LibreOffice 5.1
16.102016-10-1388Yakkety Yak2017-07-204.85.7.5KDE Applications 16.04.3, KDE Frameworks 5.26.0, LibreOffice 5.2, Firefox 49
17.042017-04-1389Zesty Zapus2018-01-114.105.9KDE Applications 16.12.3, KDE Frameworks 5.31, LibreOffice 5.3, Firefox 52
17.102017-10-1990Artful Aardvark2018-07-194.135.10KDE Applications 17.04.3, KDE Frameworks 5.38, LibreOffice 5.4.1, Firefox 56, Cantata replaces Amarok as audio player, VLC media player replaces Dragon Player as media player
18.04 LTS2018-04-269192Bionic Beaver2021-05-01934.155.12 LTSLibreOffice 6.0 and Firefox 59; double-click is now default to open files; file indexing default changed to "basic" only (not file content).94
18.102018-10-1895Cosmic Cuttlefish2019-07-18964.185.13KDE Applications 18.04.3, KDE Frameworks 5.50, LibreOffice 6.1.2, Firefox 63; snap integration by default in software centre, Plasma Wayland session-can be installed for testing (but is not supported), fingerprint scanner support, only available in 64-bit ISO images979899
19.042019-04-18100Disco Dingo1012020-01-231025.05.15.45.12.2KDE Applications 18.12.3, KDE Frameworks 5.56, LibreOffice 6.2.2, Firefox 66, KDE Connect 1.3.4, KDevelop 5.3.2, Krita 4.1.7, Latte Dock 0.8.8103104
19.102019-10-17105Eoan Ermine2020-07-171065.35.16.55.12.4KDE Applications 19.04.3, KDE Frameworks 5.62, LibreOffice 6.3, Firefox 69
20.04 LTS2020-04-23107Focal Fossa2023-04-295.45.18 LTS5.12.8KDE Frameworks 5.68.0, LibreOffice 6.4.2.2, Firefox 75
20.102020-10-22Groovy Gorilla2021-07-221085.85.19.55.14.2KDE Frameworks 5.74.0, LibreOffice 7.0.2, Firefox 82
21.042021-04-22109Hirsute Hippo2022-01-201105.115.215.15.2KDE Frameworks 5.80, LibreOffice 7.1, Firefox 87
21.102021-10-14111Impish Indri2022-07-145.135.22.55.15.2KDE Gear 21.08, KDE Frameworks 5.86, LibreOffice 7.2, Firefox 92
22.04 LTS2022-04-21Jammy Jellyfish2025-04-245.155.24 LTS5.15.3KDE Gear 21.12.3, KDE Frameworks 5.92, LibreOffice 7.3.2.2, Firefox 99
22.102022-10-21Kinetic Kudu2023-07-201125.185.255.15.5KDE Gear 22.04.1, LibreOffice 7.4, Firefox 103, KDE Frameworks 5.95
23.042023-04-20Lunar Lobster2024-01-206.25.275.15.8.KDE Gear 22.12, LibreOffice 7.5, Firefox 111, KDE Frameworks 5.104
23.102023-10-17Mantic Minotaur2024-076.55.27.85.15.10KDE Gear 23.08, LibreOffice 7.6.2.1, Firefox 118
24.04 LTS2024-04-25Noble Numbat2027-046.85.27.115.15.13
24.102024-10-10Oracular Oriole2025-076.116.1Qt6 6.6 / Qt5 5.15.13Wayland as default Plasma session
25.042025-04-17Plucky Puffin2026-016.146.3Qt6.8KDE Frameworks 6.12.0, Firefox 137 snap, LibreOffice 25.2, Linux kernel 6.14
Legend:   Old version, not maintained   Older version, still maintained   Current stable version   Future version

System requirements

The desktop version of Kubuntu currently supports the AMD 64 architectures, Intel x86 support was discontinued after the 18.04 release and existing 32-bit users were supported until 2023.113 The recommended minimum system requirements for a desktop installation are as follows:

Minimum Requirement114
64-bit Processor2.0 GHz dual-core
Memory2 GB
Hard drive capacity10 GB
Recommended Requirement115
64-bit Processor2.5 GHz quad-core
Memory8 GB
Hard drive capacity50 GB

Deployments

Kubuntu rollouts include the world's largest Linux desktop deployment, that includes more than 500,000 desktops in Brazil (in 42,000 schools of 4,000 cities).116117118119

The software of the 14,800 Linux workstations of Munich was switched to Kubuntu LTS 12.04 and KDE 4.11.120121

The Taipei City Government decided to replace Windows with a Kubuntu distribution on 10,000 PCs for schools.122123

The French Parliament announced in 2006 that they would switch over 1,000 workstations to Kubuntu by June 2007.124125

A Kubuntu distribution, by La Laguna University, is used in more than 3,000 computers spread in several computer labs, laboratories and libraries, among other internal projects in the Canary Islands.126 Since October 2007, Kubuntu is now used in all of the 1,100 state schools in the Canary Islands.127128

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kubuntu.

References

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