Menu
Home Explore People Places Arts History Plants & Animals Science Life & Culture Technology
On this page
List of fastest computers
List article

This is a historical list of fastest computers and includes computers and supercomputers which were considered the fastest in the world at the time they were built.

YearCountry of siteSiteVendor / builderComputerPerformance[a]R
1938 GermanyPersonal research and developmentBerlin, GermanyKonrad ZuseZ11.00IPS
1940Z21.25IPS
1941Z320.00IPS
1944 United KingdomBletchley ParkTommy Flowers and his team,Post Office Research StationColossus5.00kIPS
1945 United StatesUniversity of PennsylvaniaMoore School of Electrical EngineeringENIAC5.00kIPS
1951Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMIT Servomechanisms LaboratoryWhirlwind I20.00kIPS
1958McGuire Air Force BaseIBMAN/FSQ-775.00kIPS
1960 United StatesLos Alamos Scientific Laboratory7090229.00kIPS
Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryRemington Rand's UNIVACLARC250.00kIPS
1961 United StatesLos Alamos Scientific LaboratoryIBM7030 Stretch1.20MIPS
1962 United KingdomUniversity of ManchesterUniversity of Manchester,Ferranti International, and Plessey Co.Atlas1.00MFLOPS
1964 United StatesLawrence Livermore and Los AlamosCDC66003.00MFLOPS
1969Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory760036.00MFLOPS
1974STAR-100100.00MFLOPS
1976Los Alamos Scientific LaboratoryCrayCray-1160.00MFLOPS
1980 United KingdomMeteorological Office, BracknellCDCCyber 205400.00MFLOPS
1983 United StatesNational Security AgencyCrayX-MP/4713.00MFLOPS*
1985 United StatesLawrence Livermore National LaboratoryCrayCray-21.41GFLOPS*
1988NASA Ames Research CenterY-MP/8322.14GFLOPS*
1990 JapanFuji Heavy IndustriesFujitsuVP2600/104.00GFLOPS*
1992 CanadaAtmospheric Environment ServiceNECSX-3/4420.00GFLOPS*
1993 United StatesLos Alamos National LaboratoryThinking MachinesCM-5/102459.70GFLOPS*
 JapanNational Aerospace Laboratory of JapanFujitsuNumerical Wind Tunnel124.20GFLOPS*
1994 United StatesSandia National LaboratoriesIntelParagon XP/S 140143.40GFLOPS*
 JapanNational Aerospace Laboratory of JapanFujitsuNumerical Wind Tunnel170.00GFLOPS*
1996University of TokyoHitachiSR2201232.40GFLOPS*
University of TsukubaCP-PACS368.20GFLOPS*
1997 United StatesSandia National LaboratoriesIntelASCI Red1.06TFLOPS*
2000Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryIBMASCI White4.93TFLOPS*
20017.20TFLOPS*
2002 JapanJAMSTEC Earth Simulator CenterNECEarth Simulator35.86TFLOPS*
2004 United StatesLawrence Livermore National LaboratoryIBMBlue Gene/L70.72TFLOPS*
2005136.80TFLOPS*
280.60TFLOPS*
2007478.20TFLOPS*
2008 United StatesLos Alamos National LaboratoryIBMRoadrunner1.02PFLOPS*
1.10PFLOPS*
2009Oak Ridge National LaboratoryCrayJaguar1.75PFLOPS*
2010 ChinaNational Supercomputing Center of TianjinNational University of Defense TechnologyTianhe-1A2.57PFLOPS*
2011 JapanRIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational ScienceFujitsuK computer10.51PFLOPS*
2012 United StatesLawrence Livermore National LaboratoryIBMSequoia (Blue Gene/Q)16.32PFLOPS*
Oak Ridge National LaboratoryCrayTitan17.59PFLOPS*
2013 ChinaNational Supercomputing Center of GuangzhouNational University of Defense TechnologyTianhe-233.86PFLOPS*
2016National Supercomputing Center of WuxiNRCPCSunway TaihuLight93.01PFLOPS*
2018 United StatesOak Ridge National LaboratoryIBMSummit122.30PFLOPS*
2019148.60PFLOPS*
2020 JapanRIKEN Center for Computational ScienceFujitsuFugaku415.53PFLOPS*
442.01PFLOPS*
2022 United StatesOak Ridge National LaboratoryHPE CrayFrontier1.102EFLOPS*
20231.194EFLOPS*
20241.206EFLOPS*
Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryEl Capitan1.742EFLOPS*

a. ^ An asterisk (*) denotes Rmax – the highest score measured using the LINPACK benchmarks suite.

See also

References

  1. "History of Computers and Computing, Birth of the modern computer, Relays computer, Konrad Zuse". history-computer.com. Retrieved 2020-03-01. https://history-computer.com/ModernComputer/Relays/Zuse.html ↩

  2. "Z2". horst-zuse.hier-im-netz.de. Retrieved 2024-11-20. https://horst-zuse.hier-im-netz.de/Konrad_Zuse_index_english_html/rechner_z2.html ↩

  3. Reinhardt, Helmut (1996). Automatisierungstechnik : theoretische und gerätetechnische Grundlagen, SPS (in German). Berlin: Springer. p. 241. ISBN 3-540-60626-2. OCLC 68764206. 3-540-60626-2 ↩

  4. "The Colossus Machine". cs.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2024-11-20. https://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/courses/soco/projects/2008-09/colossus/colossus.html ↩

  5. Koerner, Brendan I. (2014-11-25). "How the World's First Computer Was Rescued From the Scrap Heap". Wired. Retrieved 2020-02-28. https://www.wired.com/2014/11/eniac-unearthed/ ↩

  6. Everett, R. R. (1951). "The Whirlwind I computer". Papers and Discussions Presented at the December 10–12, 1951, Joint AIEE-IRE Computer Conference: Review of Electronic Digital Computers. ACM: 70–74. doi:10.1145/1434770.1434781. Retrieved 2020-02-29. http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gbell/Computer_Structures__Readings_and_Examples/00000157.htm ↩

  7. "IBM AN/FSQ-7". old-computers.com. Retrieved 2020-02-29. https://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?st=1&c=1050 ↩

  8. "IBM Archives: 7090 Data Processing System". IBM. 2003-01-23. Retrieved 2020-02-28. https://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/mainframe/mainframe_PP7090.html ↩

  9. "LARC Links". people.cs.clemson.edu. Retrieved 2020-03-01. https://people.cs.clemson.edu/~mark/larc.html ↩

  10. Padua, David (2011). Encyclopedia of Parallel Computing. New York: Springer. p. 406. ISBN 978-0-387-09766-4. OCLC 772461594. 978-0-387-09766-4 ↩

  11. Lavington, Simon Hugh (1975). A History of Manchester Computers (2nd ed.). Swindon: British Computer Society. ISBN 978-1-902505-01-5. OCLC 156380308. 978-1-902505-01-5 ↩

  12. Anthony, Sebastian (2012-04-10). "The history of supercomputers". ExtremeTech. Retrieved 2020-02-29. https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/125271-the-history-of-supercomputers ↩

  13. Bell, Gordon (1998-01-25). "CDC 7600". Microsoft Research. Retrieved 2020-02-29. http://gordonbell.azurewebsites.net/craytalk/sld052.htm ↩

  14. LARGE COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND NEW ARCHITECTURES, T. Bloch, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, November 1978 http://www.iaea.org/inis/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/10/462/10462027.pdf ↩

  15. "Company History". Cray. Archived from the original on 2014-07-12. Retrieved 2020-02-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20140712100729/http://www.cray.com/About/History.aspx ↩

  16. "PDS: The Performance Database Server (Linpack)". performance.netlib.org. Retrieved 2020-09-13. https://performance.netlib.org/performance/html/linpack.data.col0.html ↩

  17. "Frequently Asked Questions". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-02-29. https://www.top500.org/resources/frequently-asked-questions/ ↩

  18. "CRAY-2/4-512". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-02-29. https://www.top500.org/system/167086 ↩

  19. "Frequently Asked Questions". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-02-29. https://www.top500.org/resources/frequently-asked-questions/ ↩

  20. "VP2600/10". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2021-10-19. https://www.top500.org/system/172259/ ↩

  21. "AES Installs Worlds Fastest Supercomputer". Very Computer. 1991-10-09. Retrieved 2021-10-19. http://www.verycomputer.com/125_c31ffa015d596e79_1.htm ↩

  22. "CM-5: Los Alamos National Lab". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. https://www.top500.org/resources/top-systems/cm-5-los-alamos-national-lab/ ↩

  23. "Numerical Wind Tunnel: National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. https://www.top500.org/resources/top-systems/numerical-wind-tunnel-national-aerospace-laborator/ ↩

  24. "Intel XP/S 140 Paragon: Sandia National Labs". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. https://www.top500.org/resources/top-systems/intel-xps-140-paragon-sandia-national-labs/ ↩

  25. "Numerical Wind Tunnel: National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. https://www.top500.org/resources/top-systems/numerical-wind-tunnel-national-aerospace-laborator/ ↩

  26. "Hitachi SR2201: University of Tokyo". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. https://www.top500.org/resources/top-systems/hitachi-sr2201-university-of-tokyo/ ↩

  27. "CP-PACS: University of Tsukuba". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. https://www.top500.org/resources/top-systems/cp-pacs-university-of-tsukuba/ ↩

  28. "ASCI Red: Sandia National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. https://www.top500.org/resources/top-systems/asci-red-sandia-national-laboratory/ ↩

  29. "ASCI White: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. https://www.top500.org/resources/top-systems/asci-white-lawrence-livermore-national-laboratory/ ↩

  30. "The Earth Simulator: Earth Simulator Center". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. https://www.top500.org/resources/top-systems/the-earth-simulator-earth-simulator-center/ ↩

  31. "BlueGene/L: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. https://www.top500.org/resources/top-systems/bluegenel-lawrence-livermore-national-laboratory/ ↩

  32. "Roadrunner: Los Alamos National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. https://www.top500.org/resources/top-systems/roadrunner-los-alamos-national-laboratory/ ↩

  33. "Jaguar: Oak ridge National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. https://www.top500.org/resources/top-systems/jaguar-oak-ridge-national-laboratory/ ↩

  34. "Tianhe-1A: National Supercomputing Center in Tianjin". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. https://www.top500.org/resources/top-systems/tianhe-1a-national-supercomputing-center-in-tianji/ ↩

  35. "K Computer: RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. https://www.top500.org/resources/top-systems/k-computer-riken-advanced-institute-for-computatio/ ↩

  36. "Sequoia: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. https://www.top500.org/resources/top-systems/sequoia-lawrence-livermore-national-laboratory/ ↩

  37. "Titan: Oak Ridge National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. https://www.top500.org/resources/top-systems/titan-oak-ridge-national-laboratory/ ↩

  38. "Tianhe-2 (MilkyWay-2) : National University of Defense Technology". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. https://www.top500.org/resources/top-systems/tianhe-2-milkyway-2-national-university-of-defense/ ↩

  39. "Sunway TaihuLight: National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. https://www.top500.org/resources/top-systems/sunway-taihulight-national-supercomputing-center-i/ ↩

  40. "Summit: DOE/SC/Oak Ridge National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. https://www.top500.org/resources/top-systems/summit-doescoak-ridge-national-laboratory/ ↩

  41. "Summit - IBM Power System AC922, IBM POWER9 22C 3.07GHz, NVIDIA Volta GV100, Dual-rail Mellanox EDR Infiniband". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-02-29. https://www.top500.org/system/179397 ↩

  42. "Supercomputer Fugaku - Supercomputer Fugaku, A64FX 48C 2.2GHz, Tofu interconnect D". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-11-16. https://www.top500.org/system/179807/ ↩

  43. "Frontier - HPE Cray EX235a, AMD Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C 2GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X, Slingshot-11". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2024-01-07. https://top500.org/system/180047/ ↩

  44. "El Capitan - HPE Cray EX255a, AMD 4th Gen EPYC 24C 1.8GHz, AMD Instinct MI300A, Slingshot-11, TOSS". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2024-11-19. https://top500.org/system/180307/ ↩