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Man in the Mirror
1988 song by Michael Jackson

"Man in the Mirror" is a song by the American singer Michael Jackson. It was written by Glen Ballard and Siedah Garrett and produced by Jackson and Quincy Jones. It was released in January 1988 as the fourth single from Jackson's seventh solo album, Bad (1987).

In the US, "Man in the Mirror" became Jackson's ninth number-one single on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified triple platinum. It was nominated for Record of the Year at the 31st Grammy Awards. It reached number 21 on the UK singles chart in 1988, and reached number 2 following Jackson's death in 2009. A remix was included on the soundtrack of Jackson's tribute tour Immortal, and an instrumental version was played at his memorial service.

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Writing and recording

"Man in the Mirror" was written by Glen Ballard and Siedah Garrett. Jackson's producer, Quincy Jones, invited Garrett to his home with a group of other songwriters and asked them to write material for Jackson's next album. Garrett recalled that Jones told the group: "I just want hits, that's all I want."2

Garrett took the brief to Ballard, her writing partner, who began playing a keyboard figure; Garrett wrote the lyrics. The two recorded a demo over the course of a week, with Garrett on vocals. Garrett delivered the tape to Jones, who called back a few hours later to tell her he approved.3 At Jackson's request, Garrett and Ballard wrote a longer middle eight and modified the lyrics. Jones enlisted the Andraé Crouch Choir to record gospel vocals.4

The song runs for 5 minutes and 19 seconds and the sheet music for the song shows the key of G major. 2 minutes and 53 seconds, the key changes to A-flat major.5

Critical response

When Ed Hogan reviewed the song, he called it "gentle."6 Jon Pareles of The New York Times noted that this song has "gospelly lift."7 Rolling Stone's Davitt Sigerson thought that "Man in the Mirror" stands among the half dozen best things Jackson has done: "On 'Man in the Mirror,' a song he did not write, Jackson goes a step further and offers a straightforward homily of personal commitment: 'I'm starting with the man in the mirror/I'm asking him to change his ways/And no message could have been any clearer/If you wanna make the world a better place/Take a look at yourself and then make a change.'"8

In 2009, Josh Tyrangiel from Time named "Man in the Mirror" among Jackson's ten best songs and "one of Jackson’s most powerful vocals and accessible social statements, not to mention the best-ever use of a gospel choir in a pop song".9 In 2017, ShortList's Dave Fawbert said the song contained "one of the greatest key changes in music history".10

Music video

The video is a notable departure from Jackson's other videos, mainly because Jackson does not appear in it, aside from a brief clip toward the end in which he can be seen donning a red jacket and standing in a large crowd. Instead, it features a montage of footage of various major news events and famous people.11

The "Man in the Mirror" music video was directed, produced and edited by Don Wilson. Wilson and Jackson developed the idea for the video. Larry Stessel, Epic Records' video commissioner at the time, was the executive producer. It features clips of starving children in Africa, Adolf Hitler, Hitler's American "relatives", George Lincoln Rockwell's American Nazi Party, the Ku Klux Klan, John F. Kennedy and his body being carted away after his assassination, Robert Kennedy and his assassination, Martin Luther King Jr., the Kent State shootings, Mother Teresa, Mahatma Gandhi, the start of the Iran hostage crisis, Muammar Gaddafi, Desmond Tutu, Mikhail Gorbachev, John Lennon, Nelson Mandela, Pieter Botha, Lech Wałęsa, the June Struggle in South Korea, the Camp David Accords, INF Treaty, homeless people in the U.S., the rescue of Jessica McClure, kids in graduation, and other historical figures.1213

The PCM Stereo music video version of this song was included on Number Ones, Michael Jackson's Vision, the Target version DVD of Bad 25, and the song's video that released on VHS in 1989.

An alternate live video was used as the opening song in Jackson's film Moonwalker with live audio and footage from several live performances of the song during the Bad world tour. The first segment of Moonwalker is a live performance of "Man in the Mirror" during his Bad tour in Europe and America. Clips from Met Center can be seen.

Live performances

Jackson performed a live, extended version of the song at the 1988 Grammy Awards, having Garrett, the Winans, and the Andraé Crouch choir perform with him. It was staged by Vincent Paterson. He also performed the song as the ending of the concert during the Bad tour's second leg, and regularly as the ending of the Dangerous World Tour. Live versions of the song are available on the DVDs Live at Wembley July 16, 1988 and Live in Bucharest: The Dangerous Tour. The song was rehearsed for the HIStory World Tour, but was cut from the final set list and was replaced with HIStory as the ending song. On July 16, 1996, Jackson also performed "Man in the Mirror" at the Royal Concert Brunei. The last time this song was performed was on October 21, 2001, at the United We Stand concert that was held in Washington D. C. as a tribute to the victims of September 11 attacks.

The instrumental introduction to the song was played at the end of Jackson's memorial service, while his casket was being carried out; followed by the appearance of a spotlight shining on a microphone on an empty stage, which symbolized his absence. After a closing prayer that incorporated themes from the song, the spotlight remained shining on the lone microphone.1415 The song is also featured as the final number in Michael Jackson's This Is It.

Track listing

  • 12" and CD
  1. "Man in the Mirror" (single version) – 5:04
  2. "Man in the Mirror" (album version) – 5:19
  3. "Man in the Mirror" (instrumental) – 5:19
  • 7"
  1. "Man in the Mirror" (single version) – 5:04
  • 7" / 12" picture disc
  1. "Man in the Mirror" – 4:55
  2. "Man in the Mirror" (instrumental) – 4:55

Chart performance

"Man in the Mirror" was the 4th consecutive number-one single for Jackson's Bad in the United States. The single debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 48 on February 6, 1988, and reached number 1 by its 8th week on the chart, on March 26, 1988, where it remained for 2 weeks.

The song originally peaked at number 21 in the United Kingdom in 1988. However, following Jackson's death on June 25, 2009, "Man in the Mirror" re-entered the UK Singles Chart at number 11, and the following week the song peaked at number 2, held off by Cascada's "Evacuate the Dancefloor". This song had been at top 100 for 15 consecutive weeks in this chart. In Australia the song originally charted at number 39. After Jackson's death, the song re-entered the chart and reached number 8. It was also the top single in iTunes downloads in the US and the UK.16 It has sold 567,280 copies in the UK as of January 2016.17

Personnel

  • Written and composed by Siedah Garrett and Glen Ballard
  • Produced by Quincy Jones
  • Co-produced by Michael Jackson
  • Michael Jackson: lead and background vocals
  • Ollie E. Brown: clap and cymbals
  • Dann Huff: guitar
  • Greg Phillinganes: piano
  • Glen Ballard, Randy Kerber: synthesizers
  • Glen Ballard: drum programming
  • Siedah Garrett: background vocals
  • The Winans: Carvin, Marvin, Michael and Ronald Winans
  • Rhythm arrangement by Glen Ballard and Quincy Jones
  • Synthesizer arrangement by Glen Ballard, Quincy Jones and Jerry Hey
  • Vocal arrangement by Andraé Crouch

Charts

Weekly charts

Weekly chart performance for "Man in the Mirror"
Chart (1988)Peakposition
Australia (Kent Music Report)1839
Belgium (VRT Top 30 Flanders)1911
Canada (RPM 100 Singles)203
Canada (RPM Adult Contemporary)211
Europe (European Hot 100 Singles)2233
Ireland (IRMA)233
Italy (Musica e Dischi)2416
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)2516
Netherlands (Single Top 100)2613
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)274
UK Singles (OCC)2821
US Billboard Hot 100291
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)302
US Billboard Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales311
US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)321
US Radio & Records CHR/Pop Airplay Chart331
West Germany (GfK)3423
Chart (2008)Peakposition
UK Singles (OCC)3555
Chart (2009–2010)Peakposition
Australia (ARIA)368
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)3717
Belgium (Back Catalogue Singles Flanders)386
Denmark (Tracklisten)3912
Eurochart Hot 100407
Hot Canadian Digital Singles417
Ireland (IRMA)423
Japan Hot 1004365
Netherlands (Single Top 100)4422
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)459
Norway (VG-lista)4615
Spain (PROMUSICAE)4750
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)4819
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)4922
UK Singles (OCC)502
US Billboard Hot Digital Songs512

Year-end charts

Chart (1988)Position
Canada Top Singles (RPM)5228
US Billboard Hot 1005321
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)5435
Chart (2009)Position
UK Singles (OCC)5561

Certifications

RegionCertificationCertified units/sales
Canada (Music Canada)563× Platinum240,000‡
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)57Platinum90,000‡
Italy (FIMI)58Gold50,000‡
New Zealand (RMNZ)592× Platinum60,000‡
United Kingdom (BPI)602× Platinum1,200,000‡
United States (RIAA)613× Platinum3,000,000‡

‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

See also

References

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