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Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols
Unicode block

Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols is a Unicode block comprising styled forms of Latin and Greek letters and decimal digits that enable mathematicians to denote different notions with different letter styles. The letters in various fonts often have specific, fixed meanings in particular areas of mathematics. By providing uniformity over numerous mathematical articles and books, these conventions help to read mathematical formulas. These also may be used to differentiate between concepts that share a letter in a single problem.

Unicode now includes many such symbols (in the range U+1D400–U+1D7FF). The rationale behind this is that it enables design and usage of special mathematical characters (fonts) that include all necessary properties to differentiate from other alphanumerics, e.g. in mathematics an italic letter "𝐴" can have a different meaning from a roman letter "A". Unicode originally included a limited set of such letter forms in its Letterlike Symbols block before completing the set of Latin and Greek letter forms in this block beginning in version 3.1.

Unicode expressly recommends that these characters not be used in general text as a substitute for presentational markup; the letters are specifically designed to be semantically different from each other. Unicode does not include a set of normal serif letters in the set. Still they have found some usage on social media, for example by people who want a stylized user name, and in email spam, in an attempt to bypass filters.

All these letter shapes may be manipulated with MathML's attribute mathvariant.

The introduction date of some of the more commonly used symbols can be found in the Table of mathematical symbols by introduction date.

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Tables of styled letters and digits

These tables show all styled forms of Latin and Greek letters, symbols and digits in the Unicode Standard, with the normal unstyled forms of these characters shown with a cyan background (the basic unstyled letters may be serif or sans-serif depending upon the font). The styled characters are mostly located in the Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols block, but the 24 characters in cells with a pink background are located in the letterlike symbols block, for example, ℛ (script capital r) is at U+211B rather than the expected U+1D4AD which is reserved. In the code charts for the Unicode Standard, the reserved code points corresponding to the pink cell are annotated with the name and code point of the correct character.4 There are a few characters which have names that suggest that they should belong in the tables below, but in fact do not because their official character names are misnomers:

Latin letters

The Unicode values of the characters in the tables below, except those shown with pink backgrounds or index values of '–', are obtained by adding the base values from the "U+" header row to the index values in the left column (both values are hexadecimal).

Capital letters
SerifSans-serifScript (or calligraphy)FrakturMono-spaceDouble-struck
NormalBoldItalicBolditalicNormalBoldItalicBolditalicNormalBoldNormalBoldNormalBold
U+00411D4001D4341D4681D5A01D5D41D6081D63C1D49C1D4D01D5041D56C1D6701D538
00A𝐀𝐴𝑨𝖠𝗔𝘈𝘼𝒜𝓐𝔄𝕬𝙰𝔸
01B𝐁𝐵𝑩𝖡𝗕𝘉𝘽𝓑𝔅𝕭𝙱𝔹
02C𝐂𝐶𝑪𝖢𝗖𝘊𝘾𝒞𝓒𝕮𝙲
03D𝐃𝐷𝑫𝖣𝗗𝘋𝘿𝒟𝓓𝔇𝕯𝙳𝔻
04E𝐄𝐸𝑬𝖤𝗘𝘌𝙀𝓔𝔈𝕰𝙴𝔼
05F𝐅𝐹𝑭𝖥𝗙𝘍𝙁𝓕𝔉𝕱𝙵𝔽
06G𝐆𝐺𝑮𝖦𝗚𝘎𝙂𝒢𝓖𝔊𝕲𝙶𝔾
07H𝐇𝐻𝑯𝖧𝗛𝘏𝙃𝓗𝕳𝙷
08I𝐈𝐼𝑰𝖨𝗜𝘐𝙄𝓘𝕴𝙸𝕀
09J𝐉𝐽𝑱𝖩𝗝𝘑𝙅𝒥𝓙𝔍𝕵𝙹𝕁
0AK𝐊𝐾𝑲𝖪𝗞𝘒𝙆𝒦𝓚𝔎𝕶𝙺𝕂
0BL𝐋𝐿𝑳𝖫𝗟𝘓𝙇𝓛𝔏𝕷𝙻𝕃
0CM𝐌𝑀𝑴𝖬𝗠𝘔𝙈𝓜𝔐𝕸𝙼𝕄
0DN𝐍𝑁𝑵𝖭𝗡𝘕𝙉𝒩𝓝𝔑𝕹𝙽
0EO𝐎𝑂𝑶𝖮𝗢𝘖𝙊𝒪𝓞𝔒𝕺𝙾𝕆
0FP𝐏𝑃𝑷𝖯𝗣𝘗𝙋𝒫𝓟𝔓𝕻𝙿
10Q𝐐𝑄𝑸𝖰𝗤𝘘𝙌𝒬𝓠𝔔𝕼𝚀
11R𝐑𝑅𝑹𝖱𝗥𝘙𝙍𝓡𝕽𝚁
12S𝐒𝑆𝑺𝖲𝗦𝘚𝙎𝒮𝓢𝔖𝕾𝚂𝕊
13T𝐓𝑇𝑻𝖳𝗧𝘛𝙏𝒯𝓣𝔗𝕿𝚃𝕋
14U𝐔𝑈𝑼𝖴𝗨𝘜𝙐𝒰𝓤𝔘𝖀𝚄𝕌
15V𝐕𝑉𝑽𝖵𝗩𝘝𝙑𝒱𝓥𝔙𝖁𝚅𝕍
16W𝐖𝑊𝑾𝖶𝗪𝘞𝙒𝒲𝓦𝔚𝖂𝚆𝕎
17X𝐗𝑋𝑿𝖷𝗫𝘟𝙓𝒳𝓧𝔛𝖃𝚇𝕏
18Y𝐘𝑌𝒀𝖸𝗬𝘠𝙔𝒴𝓨𝔜𝖄𝚈𝕐
19Z𝐙𝑍𝒁𝖹𝗭𝘡𝙕𝒵𝓩𝖅𝚉
Small letters
SerifSans-serifScript (or calligraphy)FrakturMono-spaceDouble-struck
NormalBoldItalicBolditalicNormalBoldItalicBolditalicNormalBoldNormalBoldNormalBold
U+00611D41A1D44E1D4821D5BA1D5EE1D6221D6561D4B61D4EA1D51E1D5861D68A1D552
00a𝐚𝑎𝒂𝖺𝗮𝘢𝙖𝒶𝓪𝔞𝖆𝚊𝕒
01b𝐛𝑏𝒃𝖻𝗯𝘣𝙗𝒷𝓫𝔟𝖇𝚋𝕓
02c𝐜𝑐𝒄𝖼𝗰𝘤𝙘𝒸𝓬𝔠𝖈𝚌𝕔
03d𝐝𝑑𝒅𝖽𝗱𝘥𝙙𝒹𝓭𝔡𝖉𝚍𝕕
04e𝐞𝑒𝒆𝖾𝗲𝘦𝙚𝓮𝔢𝖊𝚎𝕖
05f𝐟𝑓𝒇𝖿𝗳𝘧𝙛𝒻𝓯𝔣𝖋𝚏𝕗
06g𝐠𝑔𝒈𝗀𝗴𝘨𝙜𝓰𝔤𝖌𝚐𝕘
07h𝐡𝒉𝗁𝗵𝘩𝙝𝒽𝓱𝔥𝖍𝚑𝕙
08i𝐢𝑖𝒊𝗂𝗶𝘪𝙞𝒾𝓲𝔦𝖎𝚒𝕚
09j𝐣𝑗𝒋𝗃𝗷𝘫𝙟𝒿𝓳𝔧𝖏𝚓𝕛
0Ak𝐤𝑘𝒌𝗄𝗸𝘬𝙠𝓀𝓴𝔨𝖐𝚔𝕜
0Bl𝐥𝑙𝒍𝗅𝗹𝘭𝙡𝓁𝓵𝔩𝖑𝚕𝕝
0Cm𝐦𝑚𝒎𝗆𝗺𝘮𝙢𝓂𝓶𝔪𝖒𝚖𝕞
0Dn𝐧𝑛𝒏𝗇𝗻𝘯𝙣𝓃𝓷𝔫𝖓𝚗𝕟
0Eo𝐨𝑜𝒐𝗈𝗼𝘰𝙤𝓸𝔬𝖔𝚘𝕠
0Fp𝐩𝑝𝒑𝗉𝗽𝘱𝙥𝓅𝓹𝔭𝖕𝚙𝕡
10q𝐪𝑞𝒒𝗊𝗾𝘲𝙦𝓆𝓺𝔮𝖖𝚚𝕢
11r𝐫𝑟𝒓𝗋𝗿𝘳𝙧𝓇𝓻𝔯𝖗𝚛𝕣
12s𝐬𝑠𝒔𝗌𝘀𝘴𝙨𝓈𝓼𝔰𝖘𝚜𝕤
13t𝐭𝑡𝒕𝗍𝘁𝘵𝙩𝓉𝓽𝔱𝖙𝚝𝕥
14u𝐮𝑢𝒖𝗎𝘂𝘶𝙪𝓊𝓾𝔲𝖚𝚞𝕦
15v𝐯𝑣𝒗𝗏𝘃𝘷𝙫𝓋𝓿𝔳𝖛𝚟𝕧
16w𝐰𝑤𝒘𝗐𝘄𝘸𝙬𝓌𝔀𝔴𝖜𝚠𝕨
17x𝐱𝑥𝒙𝗑𝘅𝘹𝙭𝓍𝔁𝔵𝖝𝚡𝕩
18y𝐲𝑦𝒚𝗒𝘆𝘺𝙮𝓎𝔂𝔶𝖞𝚢𝕪
19z𝐳𝑧𝒛𝗓𝘇𝘻𝙯𝓏𝔃𝔷𝖟𝚣𝕫
ı 𝚤 
ȷ 𝚥 

Greek letters and symbols

The Unicode values of the characters in the tables below, except those shown with yellow backgrounds or index values of '–', are obtained by adding the base values from the "U+" header row to the index values in the left column (both values are hexadecimal).

Capital letters
NormalBoldItalicBolditalicSans-serifboldSans-serifbolditalic
U+03911D6A81D6E21D71C1D7561D790
00Α𝚨𝛢𝜜𝝖𝞐
01Β𝚩𝛣𝜝𝝗𝞑
02Γ𝚪𝛤𝜞𝝘𝞒
03Δ𝚫𝛥𝜟𝝙𝞓
04Ε𝚬𝛦𝜠𝝚𝞔
05Ζ𝚭𝛧𝜡𝝛𝞕
06Η𝚮𝛨𝜢𝝜𝞖
07Θ𝚯𝛩𝜣𝝝𝞗
08Ι𝚰𝛪𝜤𝝞𝞘
09Κ𝚱𝛫𝜥𝝟𝞙
0AΛ𝚲𝛬𝜦𝝠𝞚
0BΜ𝚳𝛭𝜧𝝡𝞛
0CΝ𝚴𝛮𝜨𝝢𝞜
0DΞ𝚵𝛯𝜩𝝣𝞝
0EΟ𝚶𝛰𝜪𝝤𝞞
0FΠ𝚷𝛱𝜫𝝥𝞟
10Ρ𝚸𝛲𝜬𝝦𝞠
11ϴ𝚹𝛳𝜭𝝧𝞡
12Σ𝚺𝛴𝜮𝝨𝞢
13Τ𝚻𝛵𝜯𝝩𝞣
14Υ𝚼𝛶𝜰𝝪𝞤
15Φ𝚽𝛷𝜱𝝫𝞥
16Χ𝚾𝛸𝜲𝝬𝞦
17Ψ𝚿𝛹𝜳𝝭𝞧
18Ω𝛀𝛺𝜴𝝮𝞨
19𝛁𝛻𝜵𝝯𝞩
Ϝ𝟊 
Small letters
NormalBoldItalicBolditalicSans-serifboldSans-serifbolditalic
U+03B11D6C21D6FC1D7361D7701D7AA
00α𝛂𝛼𝜶𝝰𝞪
01β𝛃𝛽𝜷𝝱𝞫
02γ𝛄𝛾𝜸𝝲𝞬
03δ𝛅𝛿𝜹𝝳𝞭
04ε𝛆𝜀𝜺𝝴𝞮
05ζ𝛇𝜁𝜻𝝵𝞯
06η𝛈𝜂𝜼𝝶𝞰
07θ𝛉𝜃𝜽𝝷𝞱
08ι𝛊𝜄𝜾𝝸𝞲
09κ𝛋𝜅𝜿𝝹𝞳
0Aλ𝛌𝜆𝝀𝝺𝞴
0Bμ𝛍𝜇𝝁𝝻𝞵
0Cν𝛎𝜈𝝂𝝼𝞶
0Dξ𝛏𝜉𝝃𝝽𝞷
0Eο𝛐𝜊𝝄𝝾𝞸
0Fπ𝛑𝜋𝝅𝝿𝞹
10ρ𝛒𝜌𝝆𝞀𝞺
11ς𝛓𝜍𝝇𝞁𝞻
12σ𝛔𝜎𝝈𝞂𝞼
13τ𝛕𝜏𝝉𝞃𝞽
14υ𝛖𝜐𝝊𝞄𝞾
15φ𝛗𝜑𝝋𝞅𝞿
16χ𝛘𝜒𝝌𝞆𝟀
17ψ𝛙𝜓𝝍𝞇𝟁
18ω𝛚𝜔𝝎𝞈𝟂
19𝛛𝜕𝝏𝞉𝟃
1Aϵ𝛜𝜖𝝐𝞊𝟄
1Bϑ𝛝𝜗𝝑𝞋𝟅
1Cϰ𝛞𝜘𝝒𝞌𝟆
1Dϕ𝛟𝜙𝝓𝞍𝟇
1Eϱ𝛠𝜚𝝔𝞎𝟈
1Fϖ𝛡𝜛𝝕𝞏𝟉
ϝ𝟋 

Digits

The Unicode values of the characters in the tables below are obtained by adding the hexadecimal base values from the "U+" header row to the index values in the left column.

NormalBoldDouble-struckSans-serifSans-serifboldMono-space
U+00301D7CE1D7D81D7E21D7EC1D7F6
00𝟎𝟘𝟢𝟬𝟶
11𝟏𝟙𝟣𝟭𝟷
22𝟐𝟚𝟤𝟮𝟸
33𝟑𝟛𝟥𝟯𝟹
44𝟒𝟜𝟦𝟰𝟺
55𝟓𝟝𝟧𝟱𝟻
66𝟔𝟞𝟨𝟲𝟼
77𝟕𝟟𝟩𝟳𝟽
88𝟖𝟠𝟪𝟴𝟾
99𝟗𝟡𝟫𝟵𝟿

Glyph variants

Variation selectors may be used to specify chancery (U+FE00) vs roundhand (U+FE01) forms, if a computer font is available that supports them:

Code pointPlainFE00FE01
U+1D49C𝒜𝒜︀𝒜︁
U+212Cℬ︀ℬ︁
U+1D49E𝒞𝒞︀𝒞︁
U+1D49F𝒟𝒟︀𝒟︁
U+2130ℰ︀ℰ︁
U+2131ℱ︀ℱ︁
U+1D4A2𝒢𝒢︀𝒢︁
U+210Bℋ︀ℋ︁
U+2110ℐ︀ℐ︁
U+1D4A5𝒥𝒥︀𝒥︁
U+1D4A6𝒦𝒦︀𝒦︁
U+2112ℒ︀ℒ︁
U+2133ℳ︀ℳ︁
U+1D4A9𝒩𝒩︀𝒩︁
U+1D4AA𝒪𝒪︀𝒪︁
U+1D4AB𝒫𝒫︀𝒫︁
U+1D4AC𝒬𝒬︀𝒬︁
U+211Bℛ︀ℛ︁
U+1D4AE𝒮𝒮︀𝒮︁
U+1D4AF𝒯𝒯︀𝒯︁
U+1D4B0𝒰𝒰︀𝒰︁
U+1D4B1𝒱𝒱︀𝒱︁
U+1D4B2𝒲𝒲︀𝒲︁
U+1D4B3𝒳𝒳︀𝒳︁
U+1D4B4𝒴𝒴︀𝒴︁
U+1D4B5𝒵𝒵︀𝒵︁

Chart for the Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols block

Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols[1][2]Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
 0123456789ABCDEF
U+1D40x𝐀𝐁𝐂𝐃𝐄𝐅𝐆𝐇𝐈𝐉𝐊𝐋𝐌𝐍𝐎𝐏
U+1D41x𝐐𝐑𝐒𝐓𝐔𝐕𝐖𝐗𝐘𝐙𝐚𝐛𝐜𝐝𝐞𝐟
U+1D42x𝐠𝐡𝐢𝐣𝐤𝐥𝐦𝐧𝐨𝐩𝐪𝐫𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐯
U+1D43x𝐰𝐱𝐲𝐳𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹𝐺𝐻𝐼𝐽𝐾𝐿
U+1D44x𝑀𝑁𝑂𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆𝑇𝑈𝑉𝑊𝑋𝑌𝑍𝑎𝑏
U+1D45x𝑐𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑔𝑖𝑗𝑘𝑙𝑚𝑛𝑜𝑝𝑞𝑟
U+1D46x𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑣𝑤𝑥𝑦𝑧𝑨𝑩𝑪𝑫𝑬𝑭𝑮𝑯
U+1D47x𝑰𝑱𝑲𝑳𝑴𝑵𝑶𝑷𝑸𝑹𝑺𝑻𝑼𝑽𝑾𝑿
U+1D48x𝒀𝒁𝒂𝒃𝒄𝒅𝒆𝒇𝒈𝒉𝒊𝒋𝒌𝒍𝒎𝒏
U+1D49x𝒐𝒑𝒒𝒓𝒔𝒕𝒖𝒗𝒘𝒙𝒚𝒛𝒜𝒞𝒟
U+1D4Ax𝒢𝒥𝒦𝒩𝒪𝒫𝒬𝒮𝒯
U+1D4Bx𝒰𝒱𝒲𝒳𝒴𝒵𝒶𝒷𝒸𝒹𝒻𝒽𝒾𝒿
U+1D4Cx𝓀𝓁𝓂𝓃𝓅𝓆𝓇𝓈𝓉𝓊𝓋𝓌𝓍𝓎𝓏
U+1D4Dx𝓐𝓑𝓒𝓓𝓔𝓕𝓖𝓗𝓘𝓙𝓚𝓛𝓜𝓝𝓞𝓟
U+1D4Ex𝓠𝓡𝓢𝓣𝓤𝓥𝓦𝓧𝓨𝓩𝓪𝓫𝓬𝓭𝓮𝓯
U+1D4Fx𝓰𝓱𝓲𝓳𝓴𝓵𝓶𝓷𝓸𝓹𝓺𝓻𝓼𝓽𝓾𝓿
U+1D50x𝔀𝔁𝔂𝔃𝔄𝔅𝔇𝔈𝔉𝔊𝔍𝔎𝔏
U+1D51x𝔐𝔑𝔒𝔓𝔔𝔖𝔗𝔘𝔙𝔚𝔛𝔜𝔞𝔟
U+1D52x𝔠𝔡𝔢𝔣𝔤𝔥𝔦𝔧𝔨𝔩𝔪𝔫𝔬𝔭𝔮𝔯
U+1D53x𝔰𝔱𝔲𝔳𝔴𝔵𝔶𝔷𝔸𝔹𝔻𝔼𝔽𝔾
U+1D54x𝕀𝕁𝕂𝕃𝕄𝕆𝕊𝕋𝕌𝕍𝕎𝕏
U+1D55x𝕐𝕒𝕓𝕔𝕕𝕖𝕗𝕘𝕙𝕚𝕛𝕜𝕝𝕞𝕟
U+1D56x𝕠𝕡𝕢𝕣𝕤𝕥𝕦𝕧𝕨𝕩𝕪𝕫𝕬𝕭𝕮𝕯
U+1D57x𝕰𝕱𝕲𝕳𝕴𝕵𝕶𝕷𝕸𝕹𝕺𝕻𝕼𝕽𝕾𝕿
U+1D58x𝖀𝖁𝖂𝖃𝖄𝖅𝖆𝖇𝖈𝖉𝖊𝖋𝖌𝖍𝖎𝖏
U+1D59x𝖐𝖑𝖒𝖓𝖔𝖕𝖖𝖗𝖘𝖙𝖚𝖛𝖜𝖝𝖞𝖟
U+1D5Ax𝖠𝖡𝖢𝖣𝖤𝖥𝖦𝖧𝖨𝖩𝖪𝖫𝖬𝖭𝖮𝖯
U+1D5Bx𝖰𝖱𝖲𝖳𝖴𝖵𝖶𝖷𝖸𝖹𝖺𝖻𝖼𝖽𝖾𝖿
U+1D5Cx𝗀𝗁𝗂𝗃𝗄𝗅𝗆𝗇𝗈𝗉𝗊𝗋𝗌𝗍𝗎𝗏
U+1D5Dx𝗐𝗑𝗒𝗓𝗔𝗕𝗖𝗗𝗘𝗙𝗚𝗛𝗜𝗝𝗞𝗟
U+1D5Ex𝗠𝗡𝗢𝗣𝗤𝗥𝗦𝗧𝗨𝗩𝗪𝗫𝗬𝗭𝗮𝗯
U+1D5Fx𝗰𝗱𝗲𝗳𝗴𝗵𝗶𝗷𝗸𝗹𝗺𝗻𝗼𝗽𝗾𝗿
U+1D60x𝘀𝘁𝘂𝘃𝘄𝘅𝘆𝘇𝘈𝘉𝘊𝘋𝘌𝘍𝘎𝘏
U+1D61x𝘐𝘑𝘒𝘓𝘔𝘕𝘖𝘗𝘘𝘙𝘚𝘛𝘜𝘝𝘞𝘟
U+1D62x𝘠𝘡𝘢𝘣𝘤𝘥𝘦𝘧𝘨𝘩𝘪𝘫𝘬𝘭𝘮𝘯
U+1D63x𝘰𝘱𝘲𝘳𝘴𝘵𝘶𝘷𝘸𝘹𝘺𝘻𝘼𝘽𝘾𝘿
U+1D64x𝙀𝙁𝙂𝙃𝙄𝙅𝙆𝙇𝙈𝙉𝙊𝙋𝙌𝙍𝙎𝙏
U+1D65x𝙐𝙑𝙒𝙓𝙔𝙕𝙖𝙗𝙘𝙙𝙚𝙛𝙜𝙝𝙞𝙟
U+1D66x𝙠𝙡𝙢𝙣𝙤𝙥𝙦𝙧𝙨𝙩𝙪𝙫𝙬𝙭𝙮𝙯
U+1D67x𝙰𝙱𝙲𝙳𝙴𝙵𝙶𝙷𝙸𝙹𝙺𝙻𝙼𝙽𝙾𝙿
U+1D68x𝚀𝚁𝚂𝚃𝚄𝚅𝚆𝚇𝚈𝚉𝚊𝚋𝚌𝚍𝚎𝚏
U+1D69x𝚐𝚑𝚒𝚓𝚔𝚕𝚖𝚗𝚘𝚙𝚚𝚛𝚜𝚝𝚞𝚟
U+1D6Ax𝚠𝚡𝚢𝚣𝚤𝚥𝚨𝚩𝚪𝚫𝚬𝚭𝚮𝚯
U+1D6Bx𝚰𝚱𝚲𝚳𝚴𝚵𝚶𝚷𝚸𝚹𝚺𝚻𝚼𝚽𝚾𝚿
U+1D6Cx𝛀𝛁𝛂𝛃𝛄𝛅𝛆𝛇𝛈𝛉𝛊𝛋𝛌𝛍𝛎𝛏
U+1D6Dx𝛐𝛑𝛒𝛓𝛔𝛕𝛖𝛗𝛘𝛙𝛚𝛛𝛜𝛝𝛞𝛟
U+1D6Ex𝛠𝛡𝛢𝛣𝛤𝛥𝛦𝛧𝛨𝛩𝛪𝛫𝛬𝛭𝛮𝛯
U+1D6Fx𝛰𝛱𝛲𝛳𝛴𝛵𝛶𝛷𝛸𝛹𝛺𝛻𝛼𝛽𝛾𝛿
U+1D70x𝜀𝜁𝜂𝜃𝜄𝜅𝜆𝜇𝜈𝜉𝜊𝜋𝜌𝜍𝜎𝜏
U+1D71x𝜐𝜑𝜒𝜓𝜔𝜕𝜖𝜗𝜘𝜙𝜚𝜛𝜜𝜝𝜞𝜟
U+1D72x𝜠𝜡𝜢𝜣𝜤𝜥𝜦𝜧𝜨𝜩𝜪𝜫𝜬𝜭𝜮𝜯
U+1D73x𝜰𝜱𝜲𝜳𝜴𝜵𝜶𝜷𝜸𝜹𝜺𝜻𝜼𝜽𝜾𝜿
U+1D74x𝝀𝝁𝝂𝝃𝝄𝝅𝝆𝝇𝝈𝝉𝝊𝝋𝝌𝝍𝝎𝝏
U+1D75x𝝐𝝑𝝒𝝓𝝔𝝕𝝖𝝗𝝘𝝙𝝚𝝛𝝜𝝝𝝞𝝟
U+1D76x𝝠𝝡𝝢𝝣𝝤𝝥𝝦𝝧𝝨𝝩𝝪𝝫𝝬𝝭𝝮𝝯
U+1D77x𝝰𝝱𝝲𝝳𝝴𝝵𝝶𝝷𝝸𝝹𝝺𝝻𝝼𝝽𝝾𝝿
U+1D78x𝞀𝞁𝞂𝞃𝞄𝞅𝞆𝞇𝞈𝞉𝞊𝞋𝞌𝞍𝞎𝞏
U+1D79x𝞐𝞑𝞒𝞓𝞔𝞕𝞖𝞗𝞘𝞙𝞚𝞛𝞜𝞝𝞞𝞟
U+1D7Ax𝞠𝞡𝞢𝞣𝞤𝞥𝞦𝞧𝞨𝞩𝞪𝞫𝞬𝞭𝞮𝞯
U+1D7Bx𝞰𝞱𝞲𝞳𝞴𝞵𝞶𝞷𝞸𝞹𝞺𝞻𝞼𝞽𝞾𝞿
U+1D7Cx𝟀𝟁𝟂𝟃𝟄𝟅𝟆𝟇𝟈𝟉𝟊𝟋𝟎𝟏
U+1D7Dx𝟐𝟑𝟒𝟓𝟔𝟕𝟖𝟗𝟘𝟙𝟚𝟛𝟜𝟝𝟞𝟟
U+1D7Ex𝟠𝟡𝟢𝟣𝟤𝟥𝟦𝟧𝟨𝟩𝟪𝟫𝟬𝟭𝟮𝟯
U+1D7Fx𝟰𝟱𝟲𝟳𝟴𝟵𝟶𝟷𝟸𝟹𝟺𝟻𝟼𝟽𝟾𝟿
Notes1.^ As of Unicode version 16.02.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

History

The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols block:

VersionFinal code points7CountL2 IDWG2 IDDocument
3.1U+1D400..1D454, 1D456..1D49C, 1D49E..1D49F, 1D4A2, 1D4A5..1D4A6, 1D4A9..1D4AC, 1D4AE..1D4B9, 1D4BB, 1D4BD..1D4C0, 1D4C2..1D4C3, 1D4C5..1D505, 1D507..1D50A, 1D50D..1D514, 1D516..1D51C, 1D51E..1D539, 1D53B..1D53E, 1D540..1D544, 1D546, 1D54A..1D550, 1D552..1D6A3, 1D6A8..1D7C9, 1D7CE..1D7FF991L2/98-405Beeton, Barbara; Ion, Patrick (1998-12-01), Proposal to encode additional mathematical and technical symbols in ISO/IEC 10646
L2/98-406Sargent, Murray (1998-12-01), Proposal to encode mathematical variant tags
L2/99-049Beeton, Barbara (1999-01-22), Addendum to L2/98-405: Request for assignment of codes to mathematical and technical symbols
L2/99-045Sargent, Murray; Beeton, Barbara (1999-02-04), Proposal to encode mathematical alphanumeric symbols
L2/98-419 (pdf, doc)Aliprand, Joan (1999-02-05), "Mathematical Symbols", Approved Minutes -- UTC #78 & NCITS Subgroup L2 # 175 Joint Meeting, San Jose, CA -- December 1-4, 1998
L2/99-188Beeton, Barbara; Sargent, Murray (1999-06-09), Proposal to encode mathematical alphanumeric symbols
L2/99-176RMoore, Lisa (1999-11-04), "Math", Minutes from the joint UTC/L2 meeting in Seattle, June 8-10, 1999
L2/99-199Freytag, Asmus (1999-06-14), Math Alphabets
L2/99-054RAliprand, Joan (1999-06-21), "Math Variants", Approved Minutes from the UTC/L2 meeting in Palo Alto, February 3-5, 1999
L2/99-195N2086 (html, doc)Sargent, Murray; Beeton, Barbara (1999-09-02), Proposal to encode mathematical alphanumeric symbols
L2/00-010N2103Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2000-01-05), "10.2", Minutes of WG 2 meeting 37, Copenhagen, Denmark: 1999-09-13—16
L2/00-002Beeton, Barbara (2000-01-09), Request for assignment of codes to mathematical and technical symbols that do not appear in Unicode 2.0 or ISO/IEC 10646
L2/00-005R2Moore, Lisa (2000-02-14), "Motion 82-M4", Minutes of UTC #82 in San Jose
L2/00-074N2168Karlsson, Kent (2000-03-02), Comments on "Math Alphanumeric" characters for 10646-2
L2/00-094N2191Proposal for Encoding Additional Mathematical Symbols in the BMP, 2000-03-14
L2/00-1198N2191RWhistler, Ken; Freytag, Asmus (2000-04-19), Encoding Additional Mathematical Symbols in Unicode
L2/00-239Davis, Mark (2000-07-07), Mathematical Letter Symbols
L2/00-240Whistler, Ken (2000-07-07), Re: Mathematical Letter Symbols
L2/00-234N2203 (rtf, txt)Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2000-07-21), "8.18", Minutes from the SC2/WG2 meeting in Beijing, 2000-03-21 -- 24
L2/00-249Karlsson, Kent (2000-08-03), Re: UTC Agenda item: Mathematical Letter Symbols
L2/00-250Davis, Mark (2000-08-03), Re: UTC Agenda item: Mathematical Letter Symbols
L2/00-251Whistler, Ken (2000-08-03), Re: UTC Agenda item: Mathematical Letter Symbols
L2/00-115R2Moore, Lisa (2000-08-08), "Motion 83-M11", Minutes Of UTC Meeting #83
L2/00-271Sargent, Murray (2000-08-11), A Few Remarks Concerning the Math Alphanumerics
L2/00-280Whistler, Ken (2000-08-22), Math alphanumerics and MathML: A challenge
L2/00-187Moore, Lisa (2000-08-23), "Math Alphanumeric Characters", UTC minutes -- Boston, August 8-11, 2000
L2/00-336N2272Freytag, Asmus (2000-09-15), On the requirements for alphanumeric fonts for mathematical use
L2/01-050N2253Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2001-01-21), "8.1 Disposition of ballot comments on FCD 10646-2", Minutes of the SC2/WG2 meeting in Athens, September 2000
L2/02-366Pantelia, Maria (2002-11-07), Proposal to encode two Letterlike Symbols in the UCS
L2/02-345Moore, Lisa (2002-11-18), "Consensus 93-C18", UTC #93 Minutes
L2/20-275RSargent, Murray (2021-01-05), Proposed variation sequences for math calligraphic letters
L2/20-281Hudson, John (2020-11-10), Recent evolution of math alphabetic calligraphic script style
L2/21-016RAnderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Moore, Lisa; Liang, Hai (2021-01-14), "25 Math Calligraphic Alphabets", Recommendations to UTC #166 January 2021 on Script Proposals
L2/21-009Moore, Lisa (2021-01-27), "Consensus 166-C33", UTC #166 Minutes, The UTC accepts 52 variation sequences to distinguish roundhand and chancery style mathematical script alphabetic characters
4.0U+1D4C11N2449Defect Report on MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT SMALL L, 2002-05-15
L2/02-372N2453 (pdf, doc)Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2002-10-30), "12.2 Mathematical script - SMALL L", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 42
4.1U+1D6A4..1D6A52L2/03-194N2590Freytag, Asmus (2003-06-09), Additional Mathematical and Letterlike Characters
5.0U+1D7CA..1D7CB2L2/04-406Freytag, Asmus; Sargent, Murray; Beeton, Barbara; Carlisle, David (2004-11-15), Progress report on Mathematical Symbols
L2/04-410Freytag, Asmus (2004-11-18), Twenty six mathematical characters

See also

References

  1. "22.2 Letterlike Symbols". The Unicode Standard, Version 13.0 (PDF). Mountain View, CA: Unicode, Inc. March 2020. https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode13.0.0/ch22.pdf#G15993

  2. Unicode thus assumes a given font is a serif by default; a sans-serif font that supports the range would thus display the standard letters and the "sans-serif" symbols identically but could not display normal serif symbols of the same.

  3. "Bold and Cursive Unicode Text Tool - 𝐁𝐨𝐥𝐝 and 𝕮𝖚𝖗𝖘𝖎𝖛𝖊". Bold Text Generator Tool. 2023-07-18. Retrieved 2023-07-18. https://www.boldtextgenerator.co/

  4. Unicode code chart U1D400 (PDF) https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1D400.pdf

  5. ""Letterlike Symbols", The Unicode Standard, Version 16.0 - U2100" (PDF). Unicode Consortium. Retrieved 2024-10-13. https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2100.pdf#page=3

  6. "Unicode Technical Note #27: Known Anomalies in Unicode Character Names". Unicode Consortium. 2006-05-08. Retrieved 2011-06-11. http://unicode.org/notes/tn27/

  7. Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names

  8. Refer to the history section of the Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B block for additional math-related documents /wiki/Miscellaneous_Mathematical_Symbols-B#History