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Newa (Unicode block)
Unicode character block

Newa is a Unicode block containing characters from the Newa alphabet, which is used to write Nepal Bhasa.

Newa[1][2]Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
 0123456789ABCDEF
U+1140x𑐀‎𑐁‎𑐂‎𑐃‎𑐄‎𑐅‎𑐆‎𑐇‎𑐈‎𑐉‎𑐊‎𑐋‎𑐌‎𑐍‎𑐎‎𑐏‎
U+1141x𑐐‎𑐑‎𑐒‎𑐓‎𑐔‎𑐕‎𑐖‎𑐗‎𑐘‎𑐙‎𑐚‎𑐛‎𑐜‎𑐝‎𑐞‎𑐟‎
U+1142x𑐠‎𑐡‎𑐢‎𑐣‎𑐤‎𑐥‎𑐦‎𑐧‎𑐨‎𑐩‎𑐪‎𑐫‎𑐬‎𑐭‎𑐮‎𑐯‎
U+1143x𑐰‎𑐱‎𑐲‎𑐳‎𑐴‎𑐵‎𑐶‎𑐷‎𑐸‎𑐹‎𑐺‎𑐻‎𑐼‎𑐽‎𑐾‎𑐿‎
U+1144x𑑀‎𑑁‎𑑂‎𑑃‎𑑄‎𑑅‎𑑆‎𑑇‎𑑈‎𑑉‎𑑊‎𑑋‎𑑌‎𑑍‎𑑎‎𑑏‎
U+1145x𑑐‎𑑑‎𑑒‎𑑓‎𑑔‎𑑕‎𑑖‎𑑗‎𑑘‎𑑙‎𑑚‎𑑛‎𑑝‎𑑞‎𑑟‎
U+1146x 𑑠‎  𑑡‎ 
U+1147x
Notes1.^ As of Unicode version 16.02.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points
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History

A Unicode character set was initially proposed in May 2011.1 A previous tentative mapping of the first SMP also included the script2 and later versions include the proposal.3 A revised proposal4 using the name "Newar" is reflected in the roadmap from 6.0.12.5 This revised proposal was "to enable the broadest representation of the Newar script, from the historical forms of Old Newar manuscripts to the present style of 'Prachalit' known as 'Nepal Lipi'".6 An alternative proposal was produced by a group of Newars in Kathmandu led by Devdass Manandhar supported by the linguist Tej Ratna Kansakar, which differed in a number of ways from the Pandey proposals, the most significant being the inclusion of a number of breathy (nasalised) consonants which had historically been written with a grapheme that could be mistaken for a conjunct but written the wrong way round.7

The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Newa block:

VersionFinal code points8CountL2 IDWG2 IDDocument
9.0U+11400..11459, 1145B, 1145D92L2/09-325N3692Everson, Michael (2009-09-28), Roadmapping the scripts of Nepal
L2/11-152N4038Pandey, Anshuman (2011-05-05), Preliminary Proposal to Encode the Prachalit Nepal Script in ISO/IEC 10646
L2/12-031Anderson, Deborah; McGowan, Rick; Whistler, Ken (2012-01-27), "VII. NEWAR", Review of Indic-related L2 documents and Recommendations to the UTC
L2/12-120N4322Manandhar, Dev Dass; Karmacharya, Samir; Chitrakar, Bishnu (2012-02-05), Proposal for the Nepālalipi script in the UCS
L2/12-003RN4184Pandey, Anshuman (2012-02-29), Proposal to encode the Newar Script in ISO/IEC 10646
L2/12-147Anderson, Deborah; McGowan, Rick; Whistler, Ken (2012-04-25), "VI. "NEPĀLALIPI" / "NEWAR"", Review of Indic-related L2 documents and Recommendations to the UTC
L2/12-200RWhistler, Ken (2012-06-04), On the encoding of the "Nepaalalipi" / "Newar" script
L2/12-244Manandhar, Dev Dass (2012-07-21), Response to L2/12-200 "On the encoding of the 'Nepaalalipi' / 'Newar' script"
L2/12-245Manandhar, Dev Dass (2012-07-21), Ancillary materials on "breathy consonants" in "Nepaalalipi"
L2/12-336N4372Sinclair, Iain (2012-10-22), Letter in support of N4184 and encoding the Newar script in ISO/IEC 10646
L2/12-349Manandhar, Dev Dass; Karmacharya, Samir; Chitrakar, Bishnu (2012-10-29), Proposal for the Nepaalalipi script in the UCS
L2/12-378Anderson, Deborah; McGowan, Rick; Whistler, Ken (2012-11-05), "I. NEWAR/NEPAALALIPI", Review of Indic-related documents and Recommendations to the UTC
L2/12-390Anderson, Deborah (2012-11-08), Comparison between Newar and Nepaalalipi proposals (L2/12-003 and L2/12-349)
L2/12-343R2Moore, Lisa (2012-12-04), "D.8", UTC #133 Minutes
L2/13-029Manandhar, Dev Dass; Chitrakar, Bishnu; Karmacharya, Samir (2013-01-28), To Unicode Technical Committee (UTC)
L2/14-086Manandhar, Dev Dass; Karmacharya, Samir; Chitrakar, Bishnu (2014-04-10), Proposal to Encode Nepaalalipi Script in ISO/IEC 10646
L2/14-129Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; McGowan, Rick; Pournader, Roozbeh (2014-05-02), "1", Recommendations to UTC #139 May 2014 on Script Proposals
L2/14-220Anderson, Deborah (2014-09-23), Comparison between Newar and Nepaalalipi proposals (L2/12-003 and L2/14-086)
L2/14-253Anderson, Deborah (2014-10-06), Recommendations to UTC from Script Meeting in Nepal
L2/14-258N4602Pandey, Anshuman (2014-10-22), Response to the Recommendation for Nepalese Scripts in L2/14-253
L2/14-268RAnderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; McGowan, Rick; Pournader, Roozbeh; Iancu, Laurențiu; Glass, Andrew; Constable, Peter; Suignard, Michel (2014-10-27), "5. Nepaalalipi/Newar", Recommendations to UTC #141 October 2014 on Script Proposals
L2/14-281Whistler, Ken (2014-10-27), Rationale for Atomic Encoding of Murmured Resonants in Newa
L2/14-290N4552Pandey, Anshuman (2014-10-28), Specimen Showing Representation of Murmured Consonants in the Newar Script
L2/14-250Moore, Lisa (2014-11-10), "Consensus 141-C23", UTC #141 Minutes, Accept 92 Newa characters at U+11400..U+1145D, omitting U+1145A and U+1145C, with block Newa U+11400..U+1147F and properties as given in L2/14-12-003, for encoding in Unicode 9.0. See L2/14-285.
L2/14-285R3N4660Whistler, Ken (2014-12-04), Towards a Consensus Encoding of Newa
11.0U+1145E1L2/16-383N4816A, Srinidhi; A, Sridatta (2016-12-23), Proposal to encode the SANDHI MARK for Newa
L2/17-037Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Glass, Andrew; Iancu, Laurențiu; Moore, Lisa; Liang, Hai; Ishida, Richard; Misra, Karan; McGowan, Rick (2017-01-21), "9. Newa", Recommendations to UTC #150 January 2017 on Script Proposals
L2/17-016Moore, Lisa (2017-02-08), "D.3.1", UTC #150 Minutes
L2/17-130Anderson, Deborah (2017-04-19), Comments on L2/16-322 and L2/16-383, Sandhi marks for Bengali and Newa
L2/17-153Anderson, Deborah (2017-05-17), "4. Bengali and Newa", Recommendations to UTC #151 May 2017 on Script Proposals
L2/17-103Moore, Lisa (2017-05-18), "D.3 Sandhi Mark", UTC #151 Minutes
12.0U+1145F1L2/17-093N4865A, Srinidhi; A, Sridatta (2017-04-08), Proposal to encode the NEWA LETTER VEDIC ANUSVARA
L2/17-255Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Moore, Lisa; Liang, Hai (2017-07-28), "7. Indic Editorial Updates", Recommendations to UTC #152 July-August 2017 on Script Proposals
L2/17-222Moore, Lisa (2017-08-11), "D.6.1", UTC #152 Minutes
N4953 (pdf, doc)"M66.16d", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 66, 2018-03-23
13.0U+1145A1L2/12-003RN4184Pandey, Anshuman (2012-02-29), Proposal to encode the Newar Script in ISO/IEC 10646
L2/17-440N4933A, Srinidhi; A, Sridatta (2017-12-24), Proposal to encode the DOUBLE COMMA for Newa
L2/18-039Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Moore, Lisa; Liang, Hai; Cook, Richard (2018-01-19), "16. Newa", Recommendations to UTC #154 January 2018 on Script Proposals
L2/18-115Moore, Lisa (2018-05-09), "D.4.2", UTC #155 Minutes
U+11460..114612L2/17-369RN4932A, Srinidhi; A, Sridatta (2017-12-08), Proposal to encode JIHVAMULIYA and UPADHMANIYA for Newa
L2/17-364McGowan, Rick (2017-10-09), "Indic_Syllabic_Category of Newa jihvamuliya and upadhmaniya", Comments on Public Review Issues (July 26 - October 13, 2017)
L2/18-039Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Moore, Lisa; Liang, Hai; Cook, Richard (2018-01-19), "16. Newa", Recommendations to UTC #154 January 2018 on Script Proposals
L2/18-115Moore, Lisa (2018-05-09), "D.4.1", UTC #155 Minutes
N5020 (pdf, doc)Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2019-01-11), "10.3.5", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 67

References

  1. Pandey, Anshuman (2011-05-03). "N4038: Preliminary Proposal to Encode the Prachalit Nepal Script in ISO/IEC 10646" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-06-24. http://std.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/n4038.pdf ↩

  2. Michael Everson; Rick McGowan; Ken Whistler (2009-04-24). "Roadmap to the SMP, Revision 5.1.5". Retrieved 2016-06-24. https://www.unicode.org/roadmaps/smp/smp-5-1-5.html ↩

  3. Michael Everson; Rick McGowan; Ken Whistler; V.S. Umamaheswaran (2011-11-28). "Roadmap to the SMP, Revision 6.0.11". Retrieved 2016-06-24. https://www.unicode.org/roadmaps/smp/smp-6-0-11.html ↩

  4. Pandey, Anshuman (2012-02-29). "N4184: Proposal to Encode the Newar Script in ISO/IEC 10646" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-06-24. http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n4184.pdf ↩

  5. Michael Everson; Rick McGowan; Ken Whistler; V.S. Umamaheswaran (2012-01-06). "Roadmap to the SMP, Revision 6.0.12". Retrieved 2016-06-24. https://www.unicode.org/roadmaps/smp/smp-6-0-12.html ↩

  6. Pandey, Anshuman (2012-02-29). "N4184: Proposal to Encode the Newar Script in ISO/IEC 10646" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-06-24. http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n4184.pdf ↩

  7. Dev Dass Manandhar; Samir Karmacharya; Bishnu Chitrakar (2012-02-05). "N4322: Proposal for the Nepālalipi Script in the Universal Character Set for inclusion in the Unicode Standard" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-06-24. http://std.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/n4322.pdf ↩

  8. Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names ↩