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Pentium
Brand of discontinued microprocessors produced by Intel

Pentium is a series of x86 compatible microprocessors produced by Intel from 1993 to 2023. The original Pentium was Intel’s fifth-generation processor, succeeding the i486, and served as Intel’s flagship until the introduction of the Intel Core line in 2006. From 2009 onwards, Pentium processors targeted entry-level markets, positioned above Atom and Celeron but below Core and Xeon series. Later Pentiums incorporated architectures from Atom and Core, with features like hyper-threading often disabled. In 2017, Pentium split into Pentium Silver for low-power devices and Pentium Gold for entry-level desktops using Kaby Lake or Coffee Lake architectures. Intel replaced the Pentium brand with “Intel Processor” branding for low-end laptops and desktops starting in 2023.

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Overview

See also: List of Intel Pentium processors

During development, Intel generally identifies processors with codenames, such as Prescott, Willamette, Coppermine, Katmai, Klamath, or Deschutes. These usually become widely known, even after the processors are given official names on launch.4

The original Pentium-branded CPUs were expected to be named 586 or i586, to follow the naming convention of prior generations (286, i386, i486). However, as the firm wanted to prevent their competitors from branding their processors with similar names (as AMD had done with their Am486), Intel filed a trademark application on the name in the United States, but was denied because a series of numbers was considered to lack trademark distinctiveness.5 Instead, they would name their processors as "Pentium" rather than using numbers, which Andrew Grove wanted to trademark that generation processor.6

Following Intel's prior series of 8086, 80186, 80286, 80386, and 80486 microprocessors, the firm's first P5-based processor was released as the original Intel Pentium on March 22, 1993. Marketing firm Lexicon Branding was hired to coin a name for the new processor. The suffix -ium was chosen as it could connote a fundamental ingredient of a computer, like a chemical element,7 while the prefix pent- could refer to the fifth generation of x86.8

Due to its success, the Pentium brand would continue through several generations of high-end processors. In 2006, the name briefly disappeared from Intel's technology roadmaps,910 only to re-emerge in 2007.11

In 1998, Intel introduced the Celeron12 brand for low-priced processors. With the 2006 introduction of the Intel Core brand as the company's new flagship line of processors, the Pentium series was to be discontinued. However, due to a demand for mid-range dual-core processors, the Pentium brand was repurposed to be Intel's mid-range processor series, between the Celeron and Core series, continuing with the Pentium Dual-Core line.131415

In 2009, the "Dual-Core" suffix was dropped, and new x86 processors started carrying the plain Pentium name again.

In 2014, Intel released the Pentium 20th Anniversary Edition, to mark the 20th anniversary of the Pentium brand. These processors are unlocked and highly overclockable.

In 2017, Intel split the Pentium branding into two line-ups. Pentium Silver targets low-power devices and shares architecture with Atom and Celeron, while Pentium Gold targets entry-level desktops and uses existing architecture, such as Kaby Lake and Coffee Lake.

In September 2022, Intel announced that the Pentium and Celeron brands were to be replaced with the new "Intel Processor" branding for low-end processors in laptops from 2023 onwards.16 This applied to desktops using Pentium and Celeron processors as well, and both brands were discontinued in 2023 in favor of "Intel Processor" branded processors.

Intel Pentium processor family
BrandMicroarchitectureDesktopLaptopServer
PentiumPentium OverDriveP5P5 (0.8 μm)P54C (0.6 μm)P54CS (0.35 μm)
Pentium MMXPentium OverDrive MMXP55C (0.35 μm)Tillamook (0.25 μm)
Pentium ProP6P6 (0.5 μm)P6 (0.35 μm)
Pentium IIPentium II XeonPentium II OverDriveMobile Pentium IIKlamath (0.35 μm)Deschutes (0.25 μm)Tonga (0.25 μm)Dixon (0.25 μm)Dixon (0.18 μm)Drake (0.25 μm)
Pentium IIIPentium III XeonMobile Pentium IIIPentium III MKatmai (0.25 μm)Coppermine (180 nm)Tualatin (130 nm)Coppermine (180 nm)Tualatin(130 nm)Tanner (0.25 μm)Cascades (180 nm)
Pentium 4Pentium 4 Extreme EditionNetBurstWillamette (180 nm)Northwood (130 nm)Gallatin (130 nm)Prescott-2M (90 nm)Prescott (90 nm)Cedar Mill (65 nm)Northwood (130 nm)Prescott (90 nm)Rebranded as Xeon
Pentium DPentium Extreme EditionSmithfield (90 nm)Presler (65 nm)
Pentium MP6 basedBanias (130 nm)Dothan (90 nm)
Pentium Dual-CoreYonah (65 nm)
CoreAllendale (65 nm)Wolfdale-3M (45 nm)Merom-2M (65 nm)
PentiumCoreWolfdale-3M (45 nm)Penryn-3M (45 nm)
NehalemClarkdale (32 nm)Arrandale (32 nm)
Sandy BridgeSandy Bridge (32 nm)
Ivy BridgeIvy Bridge (22 nm)
HaswellHaswell (22 nm)
BroadwellBroadwell (14 nm)
SkylakeSkylake (14 nm)Braswell; Goldmont
Kaby LakeKaby Lake (14 nm)Goldmont Plus (Gemini Lake)
Coffee LakeCoffee Lake (14 nm)
Comet LakeComet Lake (14 nm)

Pentium-branded processors

P5 microarchitecture based

The original Intel P5 or Pentium and Pentium MMX processors were the superscalar follow-on to the 80486 processor and were marketed from 1993 to 1999. Some versions of these were available as Pentium OverDrive that would fit into older CPU sockets.

Pentium

Main article: List of Intel Pentium processors

Core pProcessClock ratesL1 cacheFSBSocketRelease date
P50.8 μm60–66 MHz16 KB60–66 MHzSocket 4March 1993
P54C0.6 μm75–120 MHz16 KB50–66 MHzSocket 5October 1994
P54CS0.35 μm133–200 MHz16 KB60–66 MHzSocket 7June 1995
P55C0.35 μm120–233 MHz32 KB60–66 MHzSocket 7January 199717
Tillamook0.25 μm166–300 MHz32 KB66 MHzSocket 7August 1997

P6 microarchitecture based

In parallel with the P5 microarchitecture, Intel developed the P6 microarchitecture and started marketing it as the Pentium Pro for the high-end market in 1995. It introduced out-of-order execution and an integrated second-level cache on dual-chip processor package. The second P6 generation replaced the original P5 with the Pentium II and rebranded the high-end version as Pentium II Xeon. It was followed by a third version named the Pentium III and Pentium III Xeon respectively. The Pentium II line added the MMX instructions that were also present in the Pentium MMX.

Versions of these processors for the laptop market were initially named Mobile Pentium II and Mobile Pentium III, later versions were named Pentium III-M. Starting with the Pentium II, the Celeron brand was used for low-end versions of most Pentium processors with a reduced feature set such as a smaller cache or missing power management features.

Pentium Pro

Main articles: Pentium Pro and List of Intel Pentium Pro processors

CoreProcessClock ratesL2 cacheFSBSocketRelease date
P60.5 μm150 MHz256 KB60–66 MHzSocket 8November 1995
P60.35 μm166–200 MHz256–1024 KB60–66 MHzSocket 8

Pentium II

Main articles: Pentium II and List of Intel Pentium II processors

CoreProcessClock ratesL2 cacheFSBSocketRelease date
Klamath0.35 μm233–300 MHz512 KB66 MHzSlot 1May 1997
Deschutes0.25 μm266–450 MHz512 KB66–100 MHzSlot 1January 1998
Tonga0.25 μm233–300 MHz512 KB66 MHzMMC-2April 1998
Dixon0.25 μm266–366 MHz256 KB66 MHzMMC-2January 1999

Pentium III

Main articles: Pentium III and List of Intel Pentium III processors

CoreProcessClock ratesL2 cacheFSBSocketRelease date
Katmai0.25 μm450–600 MHz512 KB100–133 MHzSlot 1February 1999
Coppermine0.18 μm400 MHz–1.13 GHz256 KB100–133 MHzSlot 1, Socket 370, BGA2, μPGA2October 1999
Tualatin0.13 μm700 MHz–1.4 GHz512 KB100–133 MHzSocket 370, BGA2, μPGA2July 2001

NetBurst microarchitecture based

In 2000, Intel introduced a new microarchitecture named NetBurst, with a much longer pipeline enabling higher clock frequencies than the P6-based processors. Initially, these were named Pentium 4, and the high-end versions have since been named simply Xeon. As with Pentium III, there are both Mobile Pentium 4 and Pentium 4 M processors for the laptop market, with Pentium 4 M denoting the more power-efficient versions. Enthusiast versions of the Pentium 4 with the highest clock rates were named Pentium 4 Extreme Edition.

The Pentium D was the first multi-core Pentium, integrating two Pentium 4 chips in one package and was available as the enthusiast Pentium Extreme Edition.

Pentium 4

Main articles: Pentium 4 and List of Intel Pentium 4 processors

CoreProcessClock ratesL2 cacheFSB ratesSocketRelease date
Willamette180 nm1.3–2.0 GHz256 KB400 MT/sSocket 423, Socket 478November 2000
Northwood130 nm1.6–3.4 GHz512 KB400 MT/s–800 MT/sSocket 478January 2002
Gallatin130 nm3.2–3.46 GHz512 KB + 2 MB L3800–1066 MT/sSocket 478, LGA 775November 2003
Prescott90 nm2.4–3.8 GHz1 MB533 MT/s–800 MT/sSocket 478, LGA 775February 2004
Prescott-2M90 nm2.8–3.8 GHz2 MB800–1066 MT/sLGA 775February 2005
Cedar Mill65 nm3.0–3.6 GHz2 MB800 MT/sLGA 775January 2006

Pentium D

Main articles: Pentium D and List of Intel Pentium D processors

CoreProcessClock ratesL2 cacheFSB ratesSocketRelease date
Smithfield90 nm2.66–3.2 GHz2 MB533–800 MT/sLGA 775May 2005
Smithfield XE90 nm3.2 GHz2 MB800 MT/sLGA 775May 2005
Presler65 nm2.8–3.6 GHz4 MB800 MT/sLGA 775January 2006
Presler XE65 nm3.46–3.73 GHz4 MB1066 MT/sLGA 775January 2006

Pentium M microarchitecture based

In 2003, Intel introduced a new processor based on the P6 microarchitecture named Pentium M, which was much more power-efficient than the Mobile Pentium 4, Pentium 4 M, and Pentium III M. Dual-core versions of the Pentium M were developed under the code name Yonah and sold under the marketing names Core Duo and Pentium Dual-Core. Unlike Pentium D, it integrated both cores on one chip. From this point, the Intel Core brand name was used for the mainstream Intel processors, and the Pentium brand became a low-end version between Celeron and Core. All Pentium M based designs including Yonah are for the mobile market.

Pentium M

Main articles: Pentium M and List of Intel Pentium M processors

CoreProcessClock ratesL1 cacheL2 cacheFSBSocketRelease date
Banias130 nm0.9–1.7 GHz64 KB1 MB400 Mhz (== MT/s)Socket 479March 2003
Dothan90 nm1.00–2.26 GHz64 KB2 MB400–533 Mhz (== MT/s)FC-uBGAJune 2004

Pentium Dual-Core

Main articles: Pentium Dual-Core and List of Intel Pentium processors

CoreProcessClock ratesL1 cacheL2 cacheFSB ratesSocketRelease date
Yonah65 nm1.6–1.86 GHz64 KB1 MB533 MT/sSocket MJanuary 2007

Core microarchitecture based

The Pentium Dual-Core name continued to be used when the Yonah design was extended with 64-bit support, now named the Core microarchitecture. This eventually replaced all NetBurst-based processors across the four brands Celeron, Pentium, Core, and Xeon. Pentium Dual-Core processors based on the Core microarchitecture use the Allendale and Wolfdale-3M designs for desktop processors and Merom-2M for mobile processors.

Pentium Dual-Core

Main articles: Pentium Dual-Core and List of Intel Pentium processors § Core based Pentiums

CoreProcessClock ratesL1 cacheL2 cacheFSB ratesSocketRelease date
Merom-2M65 nm1.46–2.16 GHz64 KB1 MB533–667 MT/sSocket PQ4 2007
Allendale65 nm1.6–2.4 GHz64 KB1 MB800 MT/sSocket 775June 2007
Wolfdale-3M45 nm2.2–2.7 GHz64 KB2 MB800 MT/sSocket 775August 2008

Pentium (2009)

Main article: List of Intel Pentium processors § Core based Pentiums

CoreProcessClock ratesL1 cacheL2 cacheFSB ratesSocketRelease date
Wolfdale-3M45 nm2.8–3.2 GHz64 KB2 MB1066 MT/sSocket 775May 2009
Penryn-3M45 nm2.0–2.3 GHz64 KB1 MB800 MT/sSocket PJanuary 2009
Penryn-3M ULV45 nm1.3–1.5 GHz64 KB2 MB800 MT/sBGA 956September 2009
Penryn-L ULV 145 nm1.3–1.4 GHz64 KB2 MB800 MT/sBGA 956May 2009
CodenameBrand nameModel (list)CoresL2 cacheSocketTDP
AllendalePentium Dual-CoreE2xxx21 MBLGA 77565 W
Merom-2MMobile Pentium Dual-CoreT2xxxT3xxx21 MBSocket P35 W
Wolfdale-3MPentium Dual-CoreE2xxx21 MBLGA 77565 W
E5xxx2 MB
PentiumE6xxx
Penryn-3MMobile PentiumT4xxx21 MBSocket P35 W
SU4xxx2 MBμFC-BGA 95610 W
Penryn-LSU2xxx15.5 W

In 2009, Intel changed the naming system for Pentium processors, renaming the Wolfdale-3M based processors to Pentium, without the Dual-Core name, and introduced new single- and dual-core processors based on Penryn under the Pentium name.

The Penryn core is the successor to the Merom core and Intel's 45 nm version of their mobile series of Pentium processors. The FSB frequency is increased from 667 MHz to 800 MHz, and the voltage is lowered. Intel released the first Penryn Core, the Pentium T4200, in December 2008. In June 2009, Intel released the first single-core processor to use the Pentium name, a Consumer Ultra-Low Voltage (CULV) Penryn core named Pentium SU2700.

In September 2009, Intel introduced the Pentium SU4000 series together with the Celeron SU2000 and Core 2 Duo SU7000 series, which are dual-core CULV processors based on Penryn-3M and using 800 MHz FSB. The Pentium SU4000 series has 2 MB L2 cache but is otherwise basically identical to the other two lines.

Nehalem microarchitecture based

Main article: List of Intel Pentium processors

The Nehalem microarchitecture was introduced in late 2008 as a successor to the Core microarchitecture, and in early 2010, a new Pentium G6950 processor based on the Clarkdale design was introduced based on the Westmere refresh of Nehalem, which were followed by the mobile P6xxx based on Arrandale a few months later.

CoreProcessClock ratesL2 cacheL3 cacheI/O busSocketRelease date
Clarkdale32 nm2.8 GHz512 KB3 MBDMISocket 1156January 2010
Arrandale32 nm1.2–1.86 GHz512 KB3 MBDMISocket 988BGAQ2 2010
CodenameBrand nameL3 cacheSocketTDPFeatures
ClarkdalePentium G6xxx3 MBLGA 115673 WIntegrated GPU
ArrandalePentium P6xxx3 MBLGA 115635 WIntegrated GPU
Pentium U5xxxBGA18 W

On January 7, 2010, Intel launched a new Pentium model using the Clarkdale chip in parallel with other desktop and mobile CPUs based on their new Westmere microarchitecture. The first model in this series is the Pentium G6950. The Clarkdale chip is also used in the Core i3-5xx and Core i5-6xx series and features a 32 nm process (as it is based on the Westmere microarchitecture), integrated memory controller and 45 nm graphics controller and a third-level cache. In the Pentium series, some features of Clarkdale are disabled, including AES-NI, hyper-threading (versus Core i3), and the graphics controller in the Pentium runs at 533 MHz, while in the Core i3 i3-5xx series they run at 733 MHz, and Dual Video Decode that enables Blu-ray picture-in picture hardware acceleration, and support for Deep Color and xvYCC. The memory controller in the Pentium supports DDR3-1066 max, the same as the Core i3 i3-5xx series.18 The L3 cache is also 1 MB less than in the Core i3-5xx series.

Sandy Bridge microarchitecture based

The Sandy Bridge microarchitecture was released in the Pentium line on May 22, 2011.

  • aAll models share the following details: 2 cores, 2 logical processors (4 on Pentium 3xx with hyper-threading), CPUID signature 206A7, family 6 (06h), model 42 (02Ah), stepping 7 (07h)
  • bTranslation lookaside buffer (TLB) and cache 64-byte prefetching; data TLB0 2-MB or 4-MB pages, 4-way associative, 32 entries; data TLB 4-KB pages, 4-way set associative, 64 entries; instruction TLB 4-KB pages, 4-way set associative, 128 entries, L2 TLB 1-MB, 4-way set associative, 64-byte line size; shared 2nd-level TLB 4 KB pages, 4-way set associative, 512 entries.
  • cAll models feature: on-chip floating-point unit, Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology (EIST), Intel 64, XD bit (an NX bit implementation), Intel VT-x, Smart Cache.
  • dAll models support: MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4.1, SSE4.2
  • eHD Graphics (Sandy Bridge) contain 6 EUs and HD Graphics 2000, but does not support these technologies: Intel Quick Sync Video, InTru 3D, Clear Video HD, Wireless Display, 3D Video, or 3D graphics acceleration.
CodenameBrand nameaL3 cachebSocketTDPFeaturesc,d
Sandy BridgePentium 3xx3 MBLGA 115515 Whyper-threading, ECC
Pentium 9x72 MBBGA102317 WIntegrated GPU
Pentium B9x02 MBrPGA988B35 WIntegrated GPU
Pentium G6xxT193 MB,8-way set associative,64 byte line sizeLGA 115535 WIntegrated GPUe
Pentium G6xx2065 W
Pentium G8xx21223 MB,12-way set associative,64 byte line size
Sandy Bridge-ENPentium 140x5 MBLGA 135640–80 WECC, AVX, TXT, Intel VT-d, AES-NI

Ivy Bridge microarchitecture based

Currently, there exist Ivy Bridge models G2010, G2020, G2120, G2030, and G2130. All are dual-core and have no hyper-threading or Turbo Boost.

CodenameBrand nameL3 cacheSocketTDPNotes
Ivy BridgeG2010, G2020, G2030, G2120,23 G21303 MBLGA 115555 Ww/o hyper-threading

Haswell microarchitecture based

Main article: Haswell (microarchitecture)

Several Haswell-based Pentium processors were released in 2013, among them the G3258 "Anniversary Edition", first released in 2014 by Intel to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the line. As with prior-generation Pentium processors, Haswell and Haswell Refresh-based parts have two cores only, lack support for hyper-threading, and use the LGA1150 socket form factor.

Broadwell microarchitecture based

Broadwell-based Pentiums[specify] were launched in Q1 2015 using a 14 nm process (e.g. the dual-core 1.9 GHz Intel Pentium 3805U with 2 MB cache). They used the FCBGA1168 socket.

Skylake microarchitecture based

Skylake-based Pentium processors support up to 64 GB RAM. Features like Turbo Boost, Intel vPro, Hyper-Threading are not available. Supports AES-NI and RDRAND.24

Integrated graphics are provided by Intel HD Graphics 510, utilizing a maximum of 1.7 GB of memory, for resolutions up to 4096×2304 @ 60 Hz using Display Port supporting up to 3 displays.25

Kaby Lake microarchitecture based

In Q1 2017 Intel released the Kaby Lake-based Pentium G4560; it is the first Pentium-branded CPU since the NetBurst-based Pentium 4 to support hyper-threading, a feature available in some "Core"-branded products. Features include a clock speed of 3.5 GHz with four threads, 3 MB of L3 cache and Intel HD 610 integrated graphics.

Coffee Lake microarchitecture based

All Coffee Lake Pentium processors support Hyper-threading,26 and integrated Intel UHD Graphics.

Comet Lake microarchitecture based

All Comet Lake Pentium processors support Hyper-threading, and integrated Intel UHD 610 Graphics.

Pentium-compatible Intel processors

Due to its prominence, the term "Pentium-compatible" is often used to describe any x86 processor that supports the IA-32 instruction set and architecture. Even though they do not use the Pentium name, Intel also manufactures other processors based on the Pentium series for other markets. Most of these processors share the core design with one of the Pentium processor lines, usually differing in the amount of CPU cache, power efficiency or other features. The notable exception is the Atom line, which is an independent design.

  • Celeron, a low-end version
  • Core, the mainstream version including Core 2, Core i3, Core i5, Core i7 and Core i9, now placed above Pentium
  • Xeon, a high-end version used in servers and workstations
  • A100 (discontinued), an ultra-mobile version of Pentium M, succeeded by Intel Atom
  • EP80579, a system-on-a-chip based on Pentium M
  • Xeon Phi, a high-end version used in servers and workstations
  • Intel Quark, a now-discontinued, low-power reimplementation of the Pentium architecture for use as microcontroller and in other embedded applications

See also

References

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  2. "Intel Processors". Intel. Retrieved March 26, 2022. https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/details/processors.html

  3. Warren, Tom (September 16, 2022). "Intel Processor will replace Pentium and Celeron in 2023 laptops". The Verge. Retrieved December 22, 2022. https://www.theverge.com/2022/9/16/23356495/intel-processor-pentium-celeron-brand-2023-notebook-laptops

  4. "Names of processors". IA State. http://www.ece.iastate.edu/~morris/cs570/name.html

  5. Colapinto, John (October 3, 2011). "Famous names". The New Yorker. pp. 38–43. Retrieved October 12, 2011. /wiki/John_Colapinto

  6. Intel Corporation, "NewsBits: Intel Unveils Name Of Fifth-Generation Processor", Microcomputer Solutions, November/December 1992, page 1

  7. Burgess, John (October 20, 1992). "Intel's fifth-generation chip no longer goes by the numbers". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 22, 2022. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1992/10/20/intels-fifth-generation-chip-no-longer-goes-by-the-numbers/cbf117ef-23b8-4f48-bfc6-70faaecaf298/

  8. Colapinto, John (October 3, 2011). "Famous names". The New Yorker. pp. 38–43. Retrieved October 12, 2011. /wiki/John_Colapinto

  9. Huynh, Anh Tuan (September 20, 2006). "Intel "Conroe-L" Details Unveiled". DailyTech. Archived from the original on March 6, 2012. Retrieved August 16, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20120306021304/http://www.dailytech.com/article.aspx?newsid=4252

  10. Thatcher, Michelle; Brown, Rich (April 23, 2008). "The multicore era is upon us". CNET. Archived from the original on January 19, 2013. Retrieved May 7, 2017. https://archive.today/20130119125038/http://asia.cnet.com/the-multicore-era-is-upon-us-61998152.htm

  11. "Intel to unify product naming scheme". TG Daily. August 6, 2007. Archived from the original on September 26, 2007. Retrieved August 12, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070926232224/http://www.tgdaily.com/content/view/33234/122/

  12. "Microprocessor Hall of Fame". Intel. Archived from the original on July 6, 2007. Retrieved August 11, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070706032836/http://www.intel.com/museum/online/hist_micro/hof/

  13. Brown, Rich; Thatcher, Michelle (April 23, 2008). "The multicore era is upon us: How we got here – Where we stand today". CNET Asia. Archived from the original on September 15, 2009. Retrieved April 18, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090915181017/http://asia.cnet.com/reviews/pcperipherals/0,39051168,61998152-5,00.htm

  14. Shilov, Anton. "Intel Readies Pentium E2000-Series Processors". X-bit Labs. Archived from the original on August 14, 2007. Retrieved August 15, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070814195657/http://www.xbitlabs.com/news/cpu/display/20061115223825.html

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  16. Warren, Tom (September 16, 2022). "Intel Processor will replace Pentium and Celeron in 2023 laptops". The Verge. Retrieved December 22, 2022. https://www.theverge.com/2022/9/16/23356495/intel-processor-pentium-celeron-brand-2023-notebook-laptops

  17. "Intel introduces The Pentium Processor With MMX Technology". Intel. Retrieved March 9, 2012. http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/1997/dp010897.htm

  18. "Intel Core i3-350M Processor (3M Cache, 2.26 GHz) Product Specifications". http://ark.intel.com/products/43529

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  21. "SR05P Intel Pentium Dual-Core G840". cpu-world.com. Retrieved August 6, 2011. http://www.cpu-world.com/sspec/SR/SR05P.html

  22. "SR05Q (Intel Pentium Dual-Core G850)". cpu-world.com. Retrieved August 6, 2011. http://www.cpu-world.com/sspec/SR/SR05Q.html

  23. "Intel Pentium Processor G2120 (3M Cache, 3.10 GHz) Product Specifications". http://ark.intel.com/products/65527

  24. "Intel® Pentium® Processor G4400 (3M Cache, 3.30 GHZ) Product Specifications". https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/88179/intel-pentium-processor-g4400-3m-cache-3-30-ghz.html

  25. "Intel Pentium G4400 Processor Review - Budget Skylake". April 12, 2016. http://www.legitreviews.com/intel-pentium-g4400-processor-review-skylake_179724#Vlmrcqx5btey503o.99

  26. "Intel Pentium Gold G5420 Processor (4M Cache, 3.80 GHz) Product Specifications". ark.intel.com. Retrieved September 25, 2020. https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/135456/intel-pentium-gold-g5420-processor-4m-cache-3-80-ghz.html