• Images
• Videos
• Documents
• Books
• Articles

Related Image Collections Add Image

Profiles

1 Image

We don't have any YouTube videos related to Social Democratic and Labour Party yet.

You can add one yourself here.

We don't have any PDF documents related to Social Democratic and Labour Party yet.

You can add one yourself here.

We don't have any Books related to Social Democratic and Labour Party yet.

You can add one yourself here.

Archived Web Articles Add Article

SDLP members back Fianna Fáil partnership

bbc.co.uk

SDLP ends three-year partnership with Fianna Fail as party examines poor Assembly election results

belfasttelegraph.co.uk

Colum Eastwood: 'It is time for me to step aside'

bbc.co.uk

BBC NEWS | Northern Ireland

news.bbc.co.uk

SDLP leader Ritchie to wear poppy

bbc.co.uk

BBC NEWS | UK | UK Politics

news.bbc.co.uk

Welfare reform: SDLP 'cannot accommodate' welfare proposals

bbc.com

History

Foundation and early history (1970–1972)

The party was founded on 21 August 1970, when six Stormont MPs (Gerry Fitt, Republican Labour Party; Austin Currie, Nationalist Party; Paddy Devlin, Northern Ireland Labour Party; John Hume, Ivan Cooper and Paddy O'Hanlon, Independent) and one Senator (Paddy Wilson, Republican Labour), joined to form a new party.¹¹ They were joined on 10 November by a second Senator (Claude Wilton, Ulster Liberal Party), bringing the total parliamentary party to eight members.¹² Gerry Fitt was chosen to lead the new party while John Hume was appointed its deputy. Paddy Wilson also became the party’s first General Secretary.

The smaller National Democratic Party dissolved itself in October of that year and encouraged all its members to join the new party.¹³ Additionally, individual members and branches from other parties joined including from the Irish Labour Party, Nationalist Party, Northern Ireland Labour Party, Republican Labour Party and Ulster Liberal Party.¹⁴

The SDLP contested its first election in a by-election for the Belfast St. Anne’s seat on 12 November. Their candidate Gerry Laverty won 24.2% of the vote in the traditionally Unionist seat.¹⁵

The SDLP initially rejected the Nationalist Party's policy of abstentionism and sought to fight for civil rights within the Stormont system.¹⁶ However, the SDLP quickly came to the view that Stormont was unreformable, refusing to attend the state opening on 18 June 1971, and withdrawing altogether in response the shooting dead of Seamus Cusack and Desmond Beattie in Derry on 8 July.¹⁷

On 15 August the SDLP announced they would lead a Campaign of Civil Disobedience in response to the introduction of internment the previous week. This involved the withdrawal of SDLP representatives from public bodies, the organisation of a rent and rates strike and SDLP MPs participating in a 48 hour hunger strike outside 10 Downing Street.¹⁸

The SDLP held its first annual conference in Dungiven on 23 October that year. The party adopted its draft constitution, Eddie McGrady was elected the party’s first chairman while Sheila Carson becomes its first secretary. Several motions were passed including committing the party firmly to socialism, supporting the parliamentary party’s decision to withdraw from Stormont and condemning the 11-plus.¹⁹

After the abolition of the Parliament of Northern Ireland in 1972, the SDLP emerged as the largest party representing the nationalist community. On 20 September the party issued its first major policy document, entitled "Towards a New Ireland".²⁰ It recommended that the British Government issue a declaration that it would recognise that Ireland is better off united, and that as an interim proposal Northern Ireland should be administered jointly by the British and Irish Governments. It also proposed the establishment of a National Senate drawn equally from a devolved Assembly in Belfast and the Oireachtas in Dublin to plan for the integration of the island.

Sunningdale Agreement (1973–1974)

The first major electoral contest for the SDLP were elections to Northern Ireland’s 26 new district councils, held on 30 May 1973. The SDLP won 13.4% of the vote and 82 seats, becoming the second largest party in Northern Ireland and the largest party in the districts of Derry, Magherafelt and Newry and Mourne. Other nationalist parties failed to achieve much success, leaving the SDLP as the largest party representing the nationalist community.²¹

Paddy Wilson, the SDLP’s General Secretary and councillor in the new Belfast City Council was murdered on the 26 June, two days before the election to the new Northern Ireland Assembly. Wilson and another woman, Irene Andrews, were killed by the UFF, a codename for the UDA. John White was later convicted for his part in the killings.²²

Following publication of the British Government’s White Paper, elections were held to the new Northern Ireland Assembly on 28 June, where the party won 19 out of 75 seats and once again emerged as the voice of the nationalist community, increasing its vote share to 22% of the vote.²³ Negotiations occurred throughout October and November on the formation of a new power-sharing Executive to govern Northern Ireland with the SDLP, UUP and Alliance taking part. On 21 November Northern Ireland Secretary of State, William Whitelaw, announced that agreement had been reached on the composition and functions of the new Executive, with the SDLP entitled to four of the eleven members and a further two non-Executive office holders. Agreement was still to be reached on many other aspects of the White Paper, particularly regarding the Council of Ireland.²⁴

Following discussions between the British Prime Minister and Irish Taoiseach, as well as the political parties, it was announced on 9 December at Sunningdale that an agreement had been reached on the remaining elements of the White Paper, including the implementation of a Council of Ireland.²⁵

On 1 January 1974 the Northern Ireland Executive took office, with Gerry Fitt as Deputy Chief Executive, John Hume as Minister of Commerce, Paddy Devlin as Minister of Health and Social Services and Austin Currie as Minister of Housing, Local Government and Planning.²⁶

The SDLP faced its first Westminster election shortly afterwards in February in what became a referendum on power-sharing. The anti-power-sharing Unionists united under the UUUC banner and won 11 seats, with Gerry Fitt being the only pro-power-sharing MP returned, dealing a critical blow to the fledgling Executive. The Executive eventually collapsed after 5 months following several weeks of the Ulster Workers’ Council strike.²⁷

Searching for agreement (1975–1980)

Attempting to find agreement, the Secretary of State called elections for a Constitutional Convention on 1 May 1975, for which the SDLP won 17 seats and 24% of the vote.²⁸ The UUUC however won a majority of seats and votes, the Constitutional Convention made no progress and the British Government brought it to an end in early 1976. Later that year on 1 September SDLP member Denis Mullen was shot dead at his home.²⁹

Following the failure of the Constitutional Convention the SDLP continued searching for a long term solution, at times engaging in talks with the UUP. In 1977 the party issued a policy document titled "Facing Reality". This called for the party to put a stronger emphasis on the "Irish dimension". In response to this perceived move away from the party’s Labour values Paddy Devlin, then party chairperson, resigned from the party.³⁰

In 1978 SDLP deputy leader John Hume presented his proposal for an "agreed Ireland". In contrast to the two main options at the time of full integration into Britain or full withdrawal, Hume’s solution proposed the British government declaring that its aim was to bring the main traditions in Ireland together in reconciliation.³¹

After years of little progress 1979 brought considerably more action for the SDLP. A vote of confidence in the Labour Government failed in March that year. Gerry Fitt abstained on the vote as the Government had failed to act on the Bennett Report into RUC interrogation techniques.³² In the following general election, the Conservatives came to power in Westminster and Fitt held his seat in Belfast West.

In June that year the first direct election to the European Parliament were held. The SDLP candidate was John Hume who won a seat with 25% of the first preference vote. He went on to sit in the Socialist Group in the European Parliament.³³

The new Conservative Secretary of State, Humphrey Atkins, invited Northern Ireland parties including the SDLP to a conference on the future of Northern Ireland. There was intense debate in the SDLP whether or not to attend a conference which would not discuss any all-island dimension, with Gerry Fitt wanting to attend regardless of any discussion on an "Irish dimension" while many others, including John Hume, refusing to attend. As a result of this dispute Fitt resigned as SDLP leader.³⁴ On 28 November John Hume was elected as his replacement, and Seamus Mallon became his deputy.³⁵

The SDLP eventually made the decision to attend the Atkins conference, on the condition that there would be parallel discussions involving the "Irish dimension". These talks, like others, failed to reach agreement.³⁶

Entry of Sinn Féin (1981–1982)

Following the death of Fermanagh and South Tyrone MP Frank Maguire and the selection of hunger striker Bobby Sands as a candidate in the following by-election the SDLP decided to withdraw Austin Currie as their candidate.³⁷ The election was held on 9 April and Bobby Sands won the seat by a slim margin. As the strikes went on, SDLP leader John Hume met Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher to ask that she concede some of the demands of the hunger strikers. No agreement was forthcoming. When Sands died, the SDLP also stood aside for Owen Carron, who also won the seat by a narrow margin.³⁸

The hunger strikes also had an impact on the electoral fortunes of the SDLP. In local government elections in 1981 the SDLP vote share fell to 17.5% as nationalist voters began to support more candidates from parties like the Irish Independence Party and Irish Republican Socialist Party.³⁹

In Spring 1982 Northern Ireland Secretary of State Jim Prior proposed “rolling devolution” by which a consultative Assembly be established. John Hume labelled the proposals as unworkable as they offered no realistic prospect of power-sharing or offered any role for the Irish Government.⁴⁰

In May of that year the SDLP secured a seat in Seanad Éireann as new Taoiseach Charles Haughey appointed SDLP Deputy Leader Seamus Mallon to serve as a voice for Northern nationalists.

As the elections to the Assembly approached the party announced that although it would contest the election, none of its representatives would take their seats. The election, held on 20 October, mirrored the SDLP’s performance in the local elections the previous year as the party won 18.8% of the vote and took 14 seats. The decision by Sinn Féin to stand also had an impact on the SDLP vote as the party, considered to be the political wing of the Provisional IRA, took 10.1% of the vote and 5 seats.

As a result of Seamus Mallon’s membership of Seanad Éireann he was removed as a member of the Assembly and a by-election was held in Armagh the following spring. The SDLP called for a boycott and amidst low turnout the UUP won the election.

New Ireland Forum (1983–1984)

In the lead up to the 1982 Assembly election the SDLP proposed a “Council for a New Ireland” in its manifesto. This, with the assistance of the Irish Government, was realised in the creation of the New Ireland Forum in March 1983. It was a forum “all democratic parties which reject violence and which have members elected or appointed to either House of the Oireachtas or the Northern Ireland Assembly”. The SDLP, along with Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael and Labour all joined. The Forum met for the first time on 30 May with five SDLP members: John Hume, Austin Currie, Joe Hendron, Eddie McGrady and Seamus Mallon.⁴¹

Submissions were taken from sectors, individuals and organisations across the island of Ireland, examining the long-term future of the island. After a year of work the Forum published its report in May 1984, detailing three possible structures for a new Ireland. The three options of a unitary state, federal/confederal state and joint authority were rooted in previous SDLP policy and went on to influence the policies of the Irish Government and the major political parties in the Republic in relation to Northern Ireland in the following decade.⁴²

In the general election in June 1983 the SDLP failed to regain the seat in Belfast West it had lost when Gerry Fitt resigned from the party. However, John Hume was elected to the House of Commons for the new constituency of Foyle.⁴³ The following year Hume also retained his seat in the European Parliament.⁴⁴

Anglo-Irish Agreement (1985–1987)

Throughout the 1970s and 80s SDLP leader John Hume used his connections with influential Irish-American politicians Tip O'Neill, Ted Kennedy, Daniel Moynihan and Hugh Carey to push the SDLP’s analysis of the division and conflict on the island of Ireland.⁴⁵ The “Four Horsemen” and other senior politicians persuaded President Ronald Reagan to encourage British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher to work with the Irish Government to agree a collective way forward. Negotiations began in early 1985 and concluded on 15 November with the signing of the Anglo-Irish Agreement.⁴⁶

Although the agreement was supported by the SDLP, it faced considerable opposition from Unionist parties. Fifteen Unionist MPs resigned their Westminster seats forcing by-elections in January 1986. The SDLP targeted constituencies where support for the Anglo-Irish Agreement was strongest and subsequently managed to win Newry and Armagh, where deputy leader Seamus Mallon won the seat from the Ulster Unionists.⁴⁷

This success continued into the 1987 general election where the SDLP’s support for the agreement saw its vote rise to levels last seen when the party was first founded in the early 70s, mostly at the expense of Sinn Féin. In addition to holding both their current seats, Eddie McGrady won the seat of South Down from Enoch Powell, finally ending his political career.⁴⁸

Hume-Adams Talks (1988-1994)

In January 1988 SDLP Leader John Hume began a series of secret talks with Sinn Féin President Gerry Adams which lasted until August of that year.⁴⁹

The following year local government elections were held. These elections saw the Party’s best result at a local election since its foundation, winning 21% of the vote and 121 seats.⁵⁰ These came mostly at the expense of Sinn Féin, who voters began to turn away from following a number of IRA atrocities. In the European Election that June, John Hume increased the SDLP vote to 25%.⁵¹ In April 1992 the SDLP reached their electoral high point, as Joe Hendron won the Belfast West seat at the expense of Gerry Adams. The SDLP now had four MPs.⁵²

In late 1992, knowledge of talks between John Hume and Gerry Adams became public. The talks were criticised by many, both within the SDLP and outside. The talks would eventually lead to the Downing Street Declaration by British Prime Minister John Major and Taoiseach Albert Reynolds, which laid the ground for a ceasefire and negotiations.⁵³

Throughout 1994, SDLP representatives continued to face attacks from paramilitaries, as loyalists burnt out Joe Hendron’s car while Councillor John Fee was beaten by Republicans outside his home.⁵⁴⁵⁵ On 31 August the IRA announced a ceasefire, followed shortly afterwards by the loyalist paramilitaries. Hume, Adams and Reynolds met in Dublin and publicly shook hands. The SDLP Leader called for peace negotiations to begin without delay.⁵⁶

Good Friday Agreement (1995-1998)

Throughout 1995 the SDLP continued to engage in talks with the Irish and British Governments, and with other political parties to establish formal all-party talks. They suggested appointing former US Senator George Mitchell to oversee an international body on arms decommissioning. The Government then established this body which produced the “Mitchell Principles” which parties will be required to meet if they were to enter talks.⁵⁷ Following this, the Prime Minister John Major announced details of an election to a Forum which will comprise the parties involved in talks. The election took place in May 1996 where the SDLP took 24% of the vote and 21 seats.⁵⁸

Leading up to the next general election there was some speculation on the SDLP forming an electoral pact with Sinn Féin. SDLP Leader John Hume stated that this would only be considered in the event of an IRA ceasefire and Sinn Féin agreeing to end their policy of abstentionism.⁵⁹ The May 1997 election yielded mixed results for the SDLP.⁶⁰ The party increased its vote share to its highest ever level, however lost their seat in Belfast West to Sinn Féin. In the local elections held a few weeks later the SDLP also increased its vote share but lost seven seats.⁶¹ After the election Alban Maginness was appointed Lord Mayor of Belfast, becoming the first nationalist to hold this position.⁶²

Following changes of government in Ireland and the UK talks reconvened in autumn of 1997. The SDLP participated in these talks alongside other parties. Agreement was finally reached on 10 April 1998 when the SDLP, seven other parties, the British and Irish Governments signed the Good Friday Agreement.⁶³ In the subsequent referendum the SDLP campaigned for a “Yes” vote, with SDLP leader John Hume appearing onstage with U2 frontman Bono and UUP leader David Trimble.⁶⁴ The result was a resounding victory for the “Yes” campaign, who secured 71.12% in Northern Ireland. Both Hume and Trimble won the Nobel Peace Prize later that year for their efforts in securing the Agreement.⁶⁵

As a result of the Agreement, elections to a new Northern Ireland Assembly were held in June 1998; the SDLP emerged as the second-largest party overall, and the largest nationalist party, with 24 out of 108 seats.⁶⁶ The party was then returned to government later in the year when a power-sharing Executive was established for Northern Ireland. The SDLP took office alongside the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), and Sinn Féin, and the SDLP's Seamus Mallon became Deputy First Minister alongside the UUP's First Minister, David Trimble.⁶⁷

Upon Mallon's retirement in 2001, Mark Durkan succeeded him as Deputy First Minister.

All-island Merger

There had been a debate in the party on the prospects of amalgamation with Fianna Fáil.⁶⁸ Little came of this speculation and former party leader Margaret Ritchie, Baroness Ritchie of Downpatrick rejected the idea. Speaking at the 2010 Irish Labour Party national conference in Galway she said that a merger would not happen while she was leader – "Merger with Fianna Fáil? Not on my watch."⁶⁹ After his election as Fianna Fáil Leader in January 2011, Micheál Martin repeatedly dismissed the possibility of a merger or electoral alliance with the SDLP. In January 2019, the SDLP membership were e-mailed on the issue with the text "continuing on as normal is not an option", a reference to the party's declining fortunes.⁷⁰

In February 2019, at a special party conference, the members approved a partnership with Fianna Fáil,⁷¹ the main opposition party in the Republic of Ireland. Both parties shared policies on key areas, including addressing the current political situation in Northern Ireland, improving public services in both jurisdictions of Ireland, such as healthcare and education, and bringing about further unity and co-operation of the people on the island and arrangements for a future poll on Irish reunification.⁷²

Claire Hanna, MLA for Belfast South and party spokesperson on Brexit, quit the assembly group as a result.⁷³

In the lead up to the 2022 Assembly election, party leader Colum Eastwood played down the partnership stating, "The SDLP stands on its own two feet."⁷⁴ This led people to commentate that the partnership is no longer active, with comments from as early as 2020 determining that it had been "quietly forgotten".⁷⁵⁷⁶⁷⁷ The partnership officially ended on 28 September 2022.⁷⁸

Westminster Parliament

In contrast to Sinn Féin, which follows a policy of abstentionism, the SDLP MPs have always taken their seat in the Westminster parliament. The party's first MP was leader Gerry Fitt who was already a sitting MP when the SDLP was founded.⁷⁹ The SDLP's best result was in 1992 general election when they won four out of 17 seats. Its worst result was in 2017 when they lost all their seats. In 2019 they won two seats.

Although not abstentionist, SDLP MPs have protested the parliamentary oath required of every member of parliament. At the swearing in ceremony after the 2019 general election, the party leader Colum Eastwood said:

Proposed Dáil participation

The SDLP, along with Sinn Féin, have long sought speaking rights in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Republic's parliament. In 2005, Taoiseach Bertie Ahern, leader of Fianna Fáil, put forward a proposal to allow MPs and MEPs from Northern Ireland to participate in debates on the region. However, the plan was met with vociferous opposition from the Republic's main opposition parties, Fine Gael and the Labour Party, and was subsequently shelved.⁸¹ Unionists had also strongly opposed the proposal.⁸²

Remembrance Day 2010

On Remembrance Day in 2010, party leader Margaret Ritchie became the first leader of a nationalist party to wear a poppy while attending a wreath-laying ceremony in Downpatrick, County Down. The poppy is worn on the lapel in the United Kingdom as a mark of respect and remembrance for fallen British soldiers in the period around Remembrance Day and is controversial in Northern Ireland, as it is viewed by many as a political symbol representing support for the British Army.⁸³ Because of this, it has long been the preserve of the unionist/loyalist community.⁸⁴ Her actions drew praise from unionists.⁸⁵⁸⁶⁸⁷

Leadership challenges and elections, 2011–2024

On 27 July 2011, it was reported that Margaret Ritchie faced a leadership challenge from deputy leader Patsy McGlone.⁸⁸ The Phoenix reported that only one MLA, Alex Attwood was prepared to back her and that "she will be humiliated if she puts her leadership to a vote".⁸⁹

Alasdair McDonnell was confirmed as Ritchie's successor after the subsequent leadership election on 5 November 2011.⁹⁰

Colum Eastwood challenged McDonnell and replaced him as leader after the party's 2015 leadership election.⁹¹

Eastwood stood down as leader in 2024.⁹² Deputy leader Claire Hanna, was selected to replace Eastwood during the 2024 leadership election when she ran unopposed. Ratification for the new party leadership will take place at a conference in October 2024.⁹³⁹⁴

Ideology and policies

The SDLP is a social democratic party that opposes austerity and Brexit.⁹⁵ It is also an Irish nationalist party advocating for a shared home place for all the people on the island of Ireland.⁹⁶

While the party is officially anti-abortion, it does not apply a party whip on the issue.⁹⁷ The party supports LGBT rights including marriage equality, the roll out of PrEP across Northern Ireland and LGBT education in schools. The SDLP is anti-xenophobic and opposes plans to create what it deems a hostile environment for immigrants.⁹⁸ The party also supports an Irish language act.⁹⁹

The SDLP believes that 3,000 social and affordable houses should be built every year. They oppose the gig economy and zero-hour contracts.¹⁰⁰ The party opposes welfare reform and the cut to universal credit.¹⁰¹¹⁰²

Despite opposing academic selection, the party does not advocate the abolition of grammar schools.¹⁰³ The party supports the abolition of tuition fees. It wants to make a modern language up to GCSE and the teaching of maths up to the age of 18 compulsory.

The party believes that the Magee campus in Derry should be expanded to 10,000 student places.¹⁰⁴

The party supports a green corporate levy on businesses who contribute large amounts of greenhouse gases and a green jobs strategy. They also believe that a climate emergency should be declared and the government should be required to reach net zero emissions.¹⁰⁵

Leadership

Claire Hanna is the seventh leader of the SDLP, taking over from Colum Eastwood in 2024.

List of leaders

List of deputy leaders

Elected representatives

The SDLP currently have two MPs in the UK Parliament, seven MLAs in the Northern Ireland Assembly and 37 councillors across Northern Ireland's 11 councils.¹⁰⁷

MPs

MLAs

Other spokespeople

Electoral performance

Upon its formation, the SDLP quickly established itself as the second largest party and the largest nationalist party in Northern Ireland. It largely held this position until the beginning of the 21st century. In the 1998 Assembly election, it became the biggest party overall in terms of votes received and the first nationalist party to do so. This would be the largest seat share it would ever hold as it slowly saw declining support following the retirement of John Hume in 2001.

Under leader Mark Durkan, the 2001 general election and the 2003 Assembly election saw fellow Irish nationalist party Sinn Féin win more seats and votes than the SDLP for the first time, a position they would continue to hold. In the 2004 European elections, Hume stood down and the SDLP failed to retain the seat he had held since 1979, losing it to Sinn Féin. Alban Maginness attempted to take the seat again in the 2009 European elections the party fielded as their candidate and failed to gain a seat with 78,489 first preference votes.¹⁰⁸ The party further declined in the 2011 Assembly elections and the 2016 Assembly election, as the total number of votes received continued to drop.

The 2017 Assembly election saw the party retain its 12-seat count from the prior election, increasing its seat share due to a drop in the size of the assembly for the first time since 1998. This was followed by the 2017 general election where the SDLP lost all three seats and returned its worst ever vote share. In the 2019 European election, the final in the United Kingdom's history, party leader Colum Eastwood ran, increasing his party's vote but failing to take a seat. In the general election later that year the party recaptured Belfast South and Foyle with the highest ever vote recorded for the party in both constituencies and managed to increase its vote across Northern Ireland to its highest in almost fifteen years for a general election. The two seats held by the party currently have the largest majorities of any constituencies in Northern Ireland.

In the 2022 Assembly election, the SDLP slipped to the 5th largest party with only eight seats in the Assembly.¹⁰⁹

Some see the SDLP as first and foremost a party now representing Catholic middle-class interests, with voters concentrated in rural areas and the professional classes, rather than a vehicle for Irish nationalism.¹¹⁰¹¹¹ The SDLP reject this argument, pointing to their strong support in Derry and their victory in South Belfast in the 2005 Westminster election. Furthermore, in the lead up to that election, they published a document outlining their plans for a politically united Ireland. Their decline in Northern Ireland outside of two particular strongholds had led some to dub the party, the "South Down and Londonderry Party".¹¹²¹¹³

Devolved legislature elections

Westminster elections

Local government elections

European Parliament elections

See also

• Demography and politics of Northern Ireland
• Labour Party in Northern Ireland

Notes

External links

• Official website

References

1. "'Social Democratic and Labour Party'". téarma.ie. Retrieved 26 March 2024. https://www.tearma.ie/q/Social%20Democratic%20and%20Labour%20Party/en/ ↩

2. Driver, Stephen (2011). Understanding British Party Politics. Polity. p. 188. ISBN 978-0-7456-4078-5. Archived from the original on 27 May 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2015. 978-0-7456-4078-5 ↩

3. William Beattie Smith (2011). The British State and the Northern Ireland Crisis, 1969–73: From Violence to Power Sharing. US Institute of Peace Press. p. 117. ISBN 978-1-60127-067-2. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2013. 978-1-60127-067-2 ↩

4. Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko; Matti Mälkiä, eds. (2007). Encyclopedia of Digital Government. Idea Group Inc. p. 398. ISBN 978-1-59140-790-4. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2013. 978-1-59140-790-4 ↩

5. William Beattie Smith (2011). The British State and the Northern Ireland Crisis, 1969–73: From Violence to Power Sharing. US Institute of Peace Press. p. 117. ISBN 978-1-60127-067-2. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2013. 978-1-60127-067-2 ↩

6. Katy Hayward; Catherine O'Donnell (2010). Political Discourse and Conflict Resolution: Debating Peace in Northern Ireland. Taylor & Francis. p. 89. ISBN 978-0-415-56628-5. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2013. 978-0-415-56628-5 ↩

7. Cathal McCall (2003). "Shifting Thresholds, Contested Meanings". In James Anderson; Liam O'Dowd; Thomas M. Wilson (eds.). Culture and Cooperation in Europe's Borderlands. Rodopi. p. 93. ISBN 978-90-420-1085-7. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2013. 978-90-420-1085-7 ↩

8. Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). "Northern Ireland/UK". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 28 September 2018. http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/nireland.html ↩

9. Thompson, David (24 July 2024). "DUP accuse SDLP of 'somersaulting' across House of Commons to sit with the government". News Letter. Retrieved 2 April 2025. https://www.newsletter.co.uk/news/politics/dup-accuse-sdlp-of-somersaulting-across-house-of-commons-to-sit-with-the-government-4715894 ↩

10. Understanding Ulster by Antony Alcock, Ulster Society Publications, 1997. Chapter II: The Unloved, Unwanted Garrison. Via Conflict Archive on the Internet. Retrieved 31 October 2008. http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/alcock.htm ↩

11. Driver, Stephen (2011). Understanding British Party Politics. Polity. p. 188. ISBN 978-0-7456-4078-5. Archived from the original on 27 May 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2015. 978-0-7456-4078-5 ↩

12. "Derry City Cemetery Series: The Wilton's: Father, son and uncle who made their mark on Derry for very different reasons". www.derrynow.com. 14 March 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2023. https://www.derrynow.com/news/features/439318/derry-city-cemetery-series-the-wiltons-father-son-and-uncle-who-made-their-mark-on-derry-for-very-different-reasons.html ↩

13. Mitchell, Thomas G. (2000). Native vs. Settler: Ethnic Conflict in Israel/Palestine, Northern Ireland and South Africa. Bloomsbury 3PL. ISBN 978-0313313578. 978-0313313578 ↩

14. Jörg Neuheiser; Stefan Wolff (1 January 2004). Peace at Last?: The Impact of the Good Friday Agreement on Northern Ireland. Berghahn Books. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-57181-658-0. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013. Retrieved 26 September 2012. 978-1-57181-658-0 ↩

15. Flackes, William D.; Elliott, Sydney (1994). Northern Ireland: A Political Directory, 1968-1993. Blackstaff Press. ISBN 9780856405273. 9780856405273 ↩

16. Kelly, Conor (29 August 2019). "Why Brexit Won't Change Sinn Féin's Abstention from the UK Parliament". Oxpol. Retrieved 6 March 2023. https://blog.politics.ox.ac.uk/understanding-sinn-feins-abstention-from-the-uk-parliament/ ↩

17. Mulholland, Marc. "The End of Stormont and imposition of direct rule in 1972" (PDF). https://www.gale.com/binaries/content/assets/au-resources-in-product/northernireland_essay_stormont.pdf ↩

18. Campbell, Sarah (2015). Gerry Fitt and the SDLP: 'In a minority of one'. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-9805-5. 978-0-7190-9805-5 ↩

19. "Conference endorses S.D.L.P.'s Boycott of Stormont". The Irish Times. 25 October 1971. p. 5. ↩

20. "CAIN: Issues: Politics: Towards a New Ireland - Proposals by the Social Democratic and Labour Party". cain.ulster.ac.uk. Retrieved 14 August 2023. https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/events/crights/sdlp1972.htm ↩

21. "Local Government Elections 1973". www.ark.ac.uk. Retrieved 14 August 2023. https://www.ark.ac.uk/elections/flg73.htm ↩

22. "Tributes to Paddy Wilson, the 'Man of Peace'". The Irish News. 27 June 1973. ↩

23. "Northern Ireland Assembly Elections 1973". www.ark.ac.uk. Retrieved 14 August 2023. https://www.ark.ac.uk/elections/fa73.htm ↩

24. Devlin, Paddy (1993). Straight Left: An Autobiography. Blackstaff Press Ltd. ISBN 978-0856405143. 978-0856405143 ↩

25. "1973: Sunningdale Agreement signed". 9 December 1973. Retrieved 14 August 2023. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/9/newsid_2536000/2536767.stm ↩

26. Devlin, Paddy (1993). Straight Left: An Autobiography. Blackstaff Press Ltd. ISBN 978-0856405143. 978-0856405143 ↩

27. "CAIN: Events: Ulster Workers' Council Strike - Chronology". cain.ulster.ac.uk. Retrieved 14 August 2023. https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/events/uwc/chr.htm ↩

28. "Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention Elections 1975". www.ark.ac.uk. Retrieved 14 August 2023. https://www.ark.ac.uk/elections/fc75.htm ↩

29. "Plucky pensioner ready to confront UVF killer who murdered husband". SundayWorld.com. 14 August 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2023. https://www.sundayworld.com/crime/courts/plucky-pensioner-ready-to-confront-uvf-killer-who-murdered-husband/40934991.html ↩

30. Devlin, Paddy (1993). Straight Left: An Autobiography. Blackstaff Press Ltd. ISBN 978-0856405143. 978-0856405143 ↩

31. Farren, Seán (2017). John Hume: In His Own Words. Four Courts Press Ltd. ISBN 978-1846826535. 978-1846826535 ↩

32. "The Night the Government Fell". 31 March 2009. Retrieved 14 August 2023. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/7972582.stm ↩

33. "John Hume: Northern Ireland's peace-maker and committed European | Think Tank | European Parliament". www.europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved 14 August 2023. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_BRI(2022)733515 ↩

34. Murphy, Michael (2003). Gerry Fitt - A Political Chameleon. Mercier Press. ISBN 978-1856355315. 978-1856355315 ↩

35. Mallon, Seamus; Pollak, Andy (2019). A Shared Home Place. The Lilliput Press Ltd. ISBN 978-1843517634. 978-1843517634 ↩

36. "Conservative Party: Atkins letter to MT ("Party Conference 1981") [Atkins inclined to seek a debate on Northern Ireland during Party Conference] [declassified 2011] | Margaret Thatcher Foundation". www.margaretthatcher.org. Retrieved 14 August 2023. https://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/125266 ↩

37. Currie, Austin (2004). All Hell Will Break Loose. O'Brien. ISBN 978-0-86278-815-5. 978-0-86278-815-5 ↩

38. "Fermanagh and South Tyrone, 1983-1992". www.ark.ac.uk. Retrieved 2 October 2023. https://www.ark.ac.uk/elections/bfst.htm ↩

39. "Local Government Elections 1981". www.ark.ac.uk. Retrieved 2 October 2023. https://www.ark.ac.uk/elections/flg81.htm ↩

40. "CAIN: Events: The Northern Ireland Assembly, November 1982 to June 1986 - A Chronology of Main Events". cain.ulster.ac.uk. Retrieved 2 October 2023. https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/events/assembly1982/chronology.htm ↩

41. "New Ireland Forum helped begin process of changing hearts and minds". The Irish Times. Retrieved 26 October 2023. https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/new-ireland-forum-helped-begin-process-of-changing-hearts-and-minds-1.2429143 ↩

42. "CAIN: Issues: Politics: New Ireland Forum Report, 1984". cain.ulster.ac.uk. Retrieved 26 October 2023. https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/issues/politics/nifr.htm ↩

43. "Westminster election 1983". www.ark.ac.uk. Retrieved 26 October 2023. https://www.ark.ac.uk/elections/fw83.htm ↩

44. "The 1984 European Election". www.ark.ac.uk. Retrieved 26 October 2023. https://www.ark.ac.uk/elections/fe84.htm ↩

45. Fitzpatrick, Maurice (2017). John Hume in America: From Derry to DC. Irish Academic Press. ISBN 978-1911024958. 978-1911024958 ↩

46. McGarry, John; O'Leary, Brendan (2004). The Northern Ireland Conflict: Consociational Engagements. Oxford University Press. ↩

47. "CAIN: Politics: Elections: Westminster By-Elections (NI) Thursday 23 January 1986". cain.ulster.ac.uk. Retrieved 26 October 2023. https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/issues/politics/election/rw1986.htm ↩

48. "CAIN: Politics: Elections: Westminster General Election (NI) Thursday 11 June 1987". cain.ulster.ac.uk. Retrieved 26 October 2023. https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/issues/politics/election/rw1987.htm ↩

49. "Hume-Adams talks laid the foundations of the peace process". The Irish News. 4 August 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2024. https://www.irishnews.com/news/northernirelandnews/2020/08/04/news/hume-adams-talks-laid-the-foundations-of-the-peace-process-2025157/ ↩

50. "Results 1989 Northern Ireland Local General Election". May 1989. https://www.eoni.org.uk/getmedia/c747b644-74fb-4401-a84f-1900f7818722/local_government_election_results_1989 ↩

51. "The 1989 European Election". www.ark.ac.uk. Retrieved 15 January 2024. https://www.ark.ac.uk/elections/fe89.htm ↩

52. "Joe Hendron at 90: A fearless man with an extraordinary spirit". BelfastTelegraph.co.uk. 28 November 2022. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 15 January 2024. https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/opinion/comment/joe-hendron-at-90-a-fearless-man-with-an-extraordinary-spirit/42177716.html ↩

53. Walker, Stephen (2023). John Hume: the Persuader (Erstausgabe ed.). Dublin: Gill Books. ISBN 978-0-7171-9608-1. 978-0-7171-9608-1 ↩

54. "Joe Hendron at 90: A fearless man with an extraordinary spirit". BelfastTelegraph.co.uk. 28 November 2022. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 15 January 2024. https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/opinion/comment/joe-hendron-at-90-a-fearless-man-with-an-extraordinary-spirit/42177716.html ↩

55. "A Roman Catholic councillor who publicly condemned an IRA... - UPI Archives". UPI. Retrieved 15 January 2024. https://www.upi.com/Archives/1994/03/24/A-Roman-Catholic-councillor-who-publicly-condemned-an-IRA/4201764485200/ ↩

56. "IRA ceasefire remembered 25 years on". The Irish News. 30 August 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2024. https://www.irishnews.com/news/northernirelandnews/2019/08/30/news/ira-ceasefire-remembered-25-years-on-1698831/ ↩

57. Murray, Gerard. (2005). Sinn Féin and the SDLP : from alienation to participation. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-6860-8. OCLC 1131510536. 1-4039-6860-8 ↩

58. "CAIN: Politics: Elections: Forum Election (NI) Thursday 30 May 1996". cain.ulster.ac.uk. Retrieved 25 January 2024. https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/issues/politics/election/rf1996.htm ↩

59. "Sinn Fein Press Release". www.sinnfein.org. Retrieved 25 January 2024. http://www.sinnfein.org/releases/pr021997.html ↩

60. "CAIN: Politics: Elections: Westminster General Election (NI) Thursday 1 May 1997". cain.ulster.ac.uk. Retrieved 25 January 2024. https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/issues/politics/election/rw1997.htm ↩

61. "Local Government Elections 1997". www.ark.ac.uk. Retrieved 25 January 2024. https://www.ark.ac.uk/elections/flg97.htm ↩

62. agendaNi (7 September 2011). "Enterprise, Trade and Investment Committee". agendaNi. Retrieved 25 January 2024. https://www.agendani.com/enterprise-trade-and-investment-committee/ ↩

63. "Good Friday Agreement | British-Irish Peace Process, 1998 Referendum | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 29 December 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2024. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Good-Friday-Agreement ↩

64. Bailie, Stuart. "On this day in 1998: U2, Ash, John Hume and David Trimble took part in the historic Good Friday Agreement gig in Belfast". Hotpress. Retrieved 25 January 2024. https://www.hotpress.com/opinion/on-this-day-in-1998-u2-ash-john-hume-and-david-trimble-took-part-in-the-historic-good-friday-agreement-gig-in-belfast-22906975 ↩

65. "The Nobel Peace Prize 1998". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 22 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1998/summary/ ↩

66. Whyte, Nicholas. "Northern Ireland Assembly Elections 1998". Northern Ireland Elections. ARK. Archived from the original on 8 March 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020. https://www.ark.ac.uk/elections/fa98.htm ↩

67. "Trimble, Mallon elected leaders of N. Irish Assembly". CNN. 1 July 1998. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 18 May 2020. http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/europe/9807/01/n.ireland.assembly.02/index.html ↩

68. McDonald, Henry (8 April 2007). "SDLP could unite with Fianna Fáil". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 18 May 2007. Retrieved 23 May 2010. http://politics.guardian.co.uk/northernirelandassembly/story/0,,2052641,00.html ↩

69. "SDLP leader Ritchie rules out merger with Fianna Fáil". The Irish Times. 4 April 2010. Archived from the original on 1 February 2011. Retrieved 8 February 2011. http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2010/0419/1224268629876.html ↩

70. "SDLP-Fianna Fail 'merger': Email sent to SDLP membership says 'continuing on as normal is not an option'". Derry Now. 4 January 2019. Archived from the original on 5 January 2019. Retrieved 5 January 2019. https://www.derrynow.com/news/sdlp-fianna-fail-merger-email-sent-sdlp-membership-says-continuing-normal-not-option/263793 ↩

71. "SDLP members back Fianna Fáil partnership". BBC News. 9 February 2019. Archived from the original on 10 February 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2019. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-47179888 ↩

72. "Fianna Fail and SDLP announce joint partnership". Archived from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2019. https://sluggerotoole.com/2019/01/24/fianna-fail-and-sdlp-announce-joint-partnership/ ↩

73. "Claire Hanna quits SDLP assembly group". BBC News. 11 February 2019. Archived from the original on 12 February 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2019. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-47200039 ↩

74. "SDLP leader Colum Eastwood: 'Sinn Fein are focused on themselves and on securing jobs for their friends'". belfasttelegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 21 February 2022. https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/politics/northern-ireland-assembly-elections-2022/sdlps-colum-eastwood-sf-are-focused-on-themselves-and-on-securing-jobs-for-their-friends-41354844.html ↩

75. David McCann [@@dmcbfs] (17 February 2022). ""The SDLP stands on its own two feet." Not that it's new but confirmation that the partnership with FF is dead in the water from the pro side of the SDLP" (Tweet). Retrieved 21 February 2022 – via Twitter. https://x.com/@dmcbfs/status/1494245053941919745 ↩

76. Moore, Aoife (20 February 2022). "Future of SDLP Fianna Fáil alliance unclear". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 21 February 2022. https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/politics/arid-40812633.html ↩

77. Hughes, Brendan (10 February 2020). "The SDLP-Fianna Fáil partnership one year on: Historic change or quietly forgotten?". The Irish News. Retrieved 21 February 2022. http://www.irishnews.com/news/politicalnews/2020/02/10/news/the-sdlp-fianna-fa-il-partnership-one-year-on-historic-change-or-quietly-forgotten--1837864/ ↩

78. Breen, Suzanne (28 September 2022). "SDLP ends three-year partnership with Fianna Fail as party examines poor Assembly election results". Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved 29 September 2022. https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/sdlp-ends-three-year-partnership-with-fianna-fail-as-party-examines-poor-assembly-election-results-42025139.html ↩

79. "Gerry Fitt". RTÉ Archives. RTÉ. Archived from the original on 16 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020. https://www.rte.ie/archives/profiles/fitt-gerry/ ↩

80. Andrew Madden (19 December 2019). "SDLP leader Colum Eastwood affirms allegiance to Queen 'under protest'". Belfast Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020. https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/politics/general-election-2019/sdlp-leader-colum-eastwood-affirms-allegiance-to-queen-under-protest-38799446.html ↩

81. Ahern proposal on MPs ill-advised Archived 22 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Irish Times, 29 October 2005 https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/ahern-proposal-on-mps-ill-advised-1.1261957 ↩

82. Ahern plan to give North MPs Dail rights rejected Archived 22 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Irish Times, 28 October 2005 https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ahern-plan-to-give-north-mps-dail-rights-rejected-1.511570 ↩

83. "Thousands gather to remember war dead". The Belfast Telegraph. Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 20 December 2010. http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/thousands-gather-to-remember-war-dead-14555647.html ↩

84. "CAIN: Symbols – Unionist and Loyalist". Cain.ulst.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 6 August 2011. Retrieved 4 August 2016. http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/images/symbols/unionloyal.htm ↩

85. "SDLP Leader Ritchie to wear Poppy" Archived 4 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-11733457 ↩

86. "Decision to wear poppy difficult for SDLP leader Margaret Ritchie" Archived 17 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine, The Belfast Telegraph http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/northern-ireland/decision-to-wear-poppy-lsquodifficultrsquo-for-sdlp-leader-margaret-ritchie-15004207.html ↩

87. "Ritchie's Poppy Move 'Is a major breakthrough'" The Newsletter http://www.newsletter.co.uk/news/Ritchie39s-poppy-move-39is-a.6627303.jp ↩

88. "Margaret Ritchie: SDLP leader 'to face challenge'". BBC News. 27 July 2011. Archived from the original on 23 November 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-14316761 ↩

89. "Bird's Eye View Patsy McGlone's Leadership Strike", The Phoenix Magazine, 12 – 25 August 2011, pg 8 http://www.thephoenix.ie/phoenix/subscriber/library/volume-29/issue-16/contents.pdf ↩

90. "Alasdair McDonnellelected new SDLP leader". BBC News. 5 November 2011. Archived from the original on 5 November 2011. Retrieved 5 November 2011. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-15607201 ↩

91. "SDLP leadership: Colum Eastwood wins contest against Alasdair McDonnell". BBC News. 14 November 2015. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-34822651 ↩

92. "Colum Eastwood: 'It is time for me to step aside'". 28 August 2024. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cdjwn0dpwnro ↩

93. "Claire Hanna set to become SDLP leader". RTÉ News. 6 September 2024. Retrieved 6 September 2024. https://www.rte.ie/news/ulster/2024/0906/1468757-sdlp-leader/ ↩

94. McGovern, Eimear (6 September 2024). "Claire Hanna is sole nominee for SDLP leadership". Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved 6 September 2024. https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/claire-hanna-is-sole-nominee-for-sdlp-leadership/a1309530790.html ↩

95. "General election 2019: A simple guide to the SDLP". BBC News. 4 December 2019. Archived from the original on 22 June 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2020. https://www.bbc.com/news/election-2019-50315252 ↩

96. "Building a New Ireland Together". Social Democratic and Labour Party. Retrieved 22 October 2021. https://www.sdlp.ie/building_a_new_ireland_together ↩

97. Ferguson, Amanda. "Abortion in Northern Ireland: Where do the parties stand?". The Irish Times. Belfast. Retrieved 21 December 2021. https://www.irishtimes.com/news/social-affairs/abortion-in-northern-ireland-where-do-the-parties-stand-1.3522879 ↩

98. "A Fairer Society". Social Democratic and Labour Party. Retrieved 21 December 2021. https://www.sdlp.ie/fighting_for_human_rights ↩

99. petebkr (9 April 2018). "SDLP reaffirms commitment to an Irish Language Act". Your MLA. Retrieved 22 December 2021. https://patsymcglone.com/2018/04/09/sdlp-reaffirms-commitment-to-an-irish-language-act/ ↩

100. "Social Justice". Social Democratic and Labour Party. Retrieved 22 December 2021. https://www.sdlp.ie/social_justice ↩

101. "Welfare reform: SDLP 'cannot accommodate' welfare proposals". BBC News. 22 May 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2021. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-32853348 ↩

102. "SDLP launches 'Give it Back' campaign to retain £20 Universal Credit uplift". Social Democratic and Labour Party. Retrieved 22 December 2021. https://www.sdlp.ie/_sdlp_launches_give_it_back_campaign_to_retain_20_universal_credit_uplift ↩

103. Deeney, Donna (16 October 2017). "SDLP MLA Colin McGrath: 'When I was 10 my sister died. She was 16 and was gone within two days'". Belfast Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 22 December 2021. https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/sdlp-mla-colin-mcgrath-when-i-was-10-my-sister-died-she-was-16-and-was-gone-within-two-days-36228961.html ↩

104. "Education". Social Democratic and Labour Party. Retrieved 22 December 2021. https://www.sdlp.ie/education ↩

105. cassoscoop (16 June 2021). "Eastwood brings Climate and Green Bill to Westminster". Derry Daily. Retrieved 23 December 2021. https://www.derrydaily.net/2021/06/16/eastwood-brings-climate-and-green-bill-to-westminster/ ↩

106. "Colum Eastwood: 'It is time for me to step aside'". BBC News. 28 August 2024. Retrieved 29 August 2024. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cdjwn0dpwnro ↩

107. "SDLP Leader announces changes to Front Bench Team". Social Democratic and Labour Party. Retrieved 18 October 2022. https://www.sdlp.ie/sdlp_leader_announces_changes_to_front_bench_team ↩

108. "Sinn Féin tops poll in Euro count-BBC News". 8 June 2009. Archived from the original on 18 May 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/8089501.stm ↩

109. "Northern Ireland Assembly Election Results 2022". BBC News. Retrieved 6 May 2022. https://www.bbc.com/news/election/2022/northern-ireland/results ↩

110. Murray, Joshua (14 April 2022). "Why are the SDLP doing so badly in the polls?". Slugger O'Toole. https://sluggerotoole.com/2022/04/14/why-are-the-sdlp-doing-so-badly-in-the-polls/ ↩

111. DeSouza, Emma (27 March 2023). "Is Northern Ireland's SDLP Here to Stay?". Byline Times. https://bylinetimes.com/2023/03/27/is-northern-irelands-sdlp-here-to-stay/ ↩

112. Emerson, Newton (30 March 2007). "Deal with devil small price to pay to snub the snobs". Nuzhound. Archived from the original on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2016. http://www.nuzhound.com/articles/irish_news/arts2007/mar29_deal_with_devil_small_price__NEmerson.php ↩

113. Patterson, Glenn (9 April 2008). "A consensus on crowing". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 September 2022. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/apr/09/northernireland ↩