Menu
Home Explore People Places Arts History Plants & Animals Science Life & Culture Technology
On this page
Semiconductor industry
Industry

The semiconductor industry encompasses companies involved in the design and fabrication of semiconductor devices like transistors and integrated circuits. Its origins trace back to the invention of the transistor at Bell Labs in 1948. Key companies such as Motorola and Fairchild Semiconductor soon began producing these devices. The 1958 invention of the integrated circuit by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce revolutionized the field, fueling rapid advances in fabrication technology and exponential growth known as Moore's law. The industry's sales hit a record $555.9 billion in 2021, with projections approaching $726.73 billion by 2027, according to the Semiconductor Industry Association. The industry drives the broader electronics industry and global tech markets.

Related Image Collections Add Image
Profiles
1 Image
We don't have any YouTube videos related to Semiconductor industry yet.
We don't have any PDF documents related to Semiconductor industry yet.
We don't have any Books related to Semiconductor industry yet.
We don't have any archived web articles related to Semiconductor industry yet.

Industry structure

The global semiconductor industry is dominated by companies from the United States, Taiwan, South Korea, Japan and the Netherlands, with Israel and Germany having significant presence in the field.15

Unique features of the industry include continuous growth but in a cyclical pattern with high volatility. While the current 20-year annual average growth of the semiconductor industry is on the order of 13%, this has been accompanied by equally above-average market volatility, which can lead to significant if not dramatic cyclical swings. This has required the need for high degrees of flexibility and innovation in order to constantly adjust to the rapid pace of change in the market as many products embedding semiconductor devices often have a very short life cycle.

At the same time, the rate of constant price-performance improvement in the semiconductor industry is staggering. As a consequence, changes in the semiconductor market not only occur extremely rapidly but also anticipate changes in industries evolving at a slower pace. The semiconductor industry is widely recognized as a key driver and technology enabler for the whole electronics value chain.16

Prior to the 1980s, the semiconductor industry was vertically integrated. Semiconductor companies both designed and manufactured chips in their own facilities. In many cases, this included inventing new processes, refining and purifying source chemicals and silicon wafers, and even manufacturing equipment, like furnaces, lithography tools and etchers. These companies also carried out the assembly and testing of their chips. Over time, many of these functions were outsourced, such that today semiconductor manufacturers rely on a complex supply chain to provide wafers, high purity source chemicals, and processing equipment. Further, starting with LSI in 1969, the industry has seen the emergence of Fabless Semiconductor Companies that focus solely on chip design and rely on other companies to manufacture their designs. Initially, these other companies were integrated device manufacturers (IDMs), companies that also designed and manufactured their own products, and thus were often competitors of the Fabless companies. But, by the mid-1980's TSMC and UMC emerged as foundries, specializing solely in the manufacture of other companies' designs.

Today, much of the industry is based on the foundry model, which consists of semiconductor fabrication plants (foundries) and integrated circuit design operations, each belonging to separate companies or subsidiaries. Some companies, known as integrated device manufacturers, both design and manufacture semiconductors. The foundry model has resulted in consolidation among foundries. As of 2021, only three firms are able to manufacture the most advanced semiconductors: TSMC of Taiwan, Samsung of South Korea, and Intel of the United States.17 Part of this is due to the high capital costs of building foundries. TSMC's latest factory, capable of fabricating 3 nm process semiconductors and completed in 2020, cost $19.5 billion.18

Intel is considering outsourcing some production to TSMC. It currently can only produce 10 nm semiconductors, while TSMC and Samsung can both produce 5 nm.19 GlobalFoundries, an American-headquartered firm, uses a 12 nm process for its most advanced chips due to the rapidly increasing development costs of smaller process nodes.20

Semiconductor sales

Sales revenue

Annual semiconductor sales (1987–2018)
YearRevenue (nominal)Revenue (inflation)Ref.
2022$601,694,000,00021
2021$594,952,000,000
2020$466,237,000,00022
2019$422,237,000,000
2018$481,090,000,000$602,410,000,00023
2017$420,390,000,000$539,270,000,00024
2016$345,850,000,000$453,120,000,00025
2015$335,170,000,000$444,620,000,00026
2014$335,840,000,000$446,070,000,000
2013$305,580,000,000$412,490,000,000
2012$291,560,000,000$399,330,000,000
2011$299,520,000,000$418,660,000,000
2010$298,320,000,000$430,160,000,000
2009$226,310,000,000$331,690,000,000
2008$280,000,000,000$409,000,000,000
2007$255,600,000,000$387,600,000,00027
2006$247,700,000,000$386,400,000,000
2005$227,000,000,000$365,000,000,00028
2004$213,000,000,000$355,000,000,000
2000$204,000,000,000$372,000,000,000
1995$144,000,000,000$297,000,000,000
1992$60,000,000,000$134,000,000,000
1990$51,000,000,000$123,000,000,000
1987$33,000,000,000$91,000,000,000
2017 sales breakdown29
Industry sectorRevenueMarket shareRef.
Memory$124 billion30%30
Logic$102.2 billion25%
Microprocessor$63.9 billion16%
Power semiconductors$36.8 billion9%31
Total$420.39 billion100%
2008 sales breakdown
Semiconductor typeRevenueMarket shareRef.
Integrated circuit chip$250 billion89.3%32
Compound semiconductors$20 billion7.1%
Power transistors$10 billion3.6%33
Total$280 billion100%

Market share

Microprocessor market share (2022)34
Industry sectorMarket share
Computer and peripheral equipment32.3%
Consumer electronics21.2%
Telecommunications equipment16.5%
Industrial electronics14.3%
Defense and space industry11.5%
Transportation technology4.2%

Largest companies

See also: Foundry sales leaders by year

Largest semiconductor companies (annual semiconductor sales leaders)
Rank202135202036201837201738201139200640200041199542199243199044198645198546197547
1SamsungIntelSamsungSamsungIntelIntelIntelIntelNECNECNECNECTI
2IntelSamsungIntelIntelSamsungSamsungToshibaNECToshibaToshibaToshibaTIMotorola
3SK HynixTSMCSK HynixTSMCTSMCTINECToshibaIntelHitachiHitachiMotorolaPhilips
4MicronSK HynixTSMCSK HynixTIToshibaSamsungHitachiMotorolaIntel?Hitachi?
5QualcommMicronMicronMicronToshibaSTTIMotorolaHitachiMotorola?Toshiba
6NvidiaQualcommBroadcomBroadcomRenesasRenesasMotorolaSamsungTIFujitsu?Fujitsu
7BroadcomBroadcomQualcommQualcommQualcommHynixSTTI?Mitsubishi?Philips
8TINvidiaToshibaTISTFreescaleHitachiIBMMitsubishiTI?Intel
9MediatekTITIToshibaHynixNXPInfineonMitsubishi?Philips?National
10AMDInfineonNvidiaNvidiaMicronNECPhilipsHyundai?Panasonic?Panasonic
Major semiconductor companies
NameCountryManufacturer type48Hardware products
Samsung Electronics South KoreaIDMNAND flash memory, DRAM, CMOS sensor, RF transceivers, OLED display, SSD
Intel United StatesIDMx86-64 microprocessor, GPU, SSD, DRAM
TSMC TaiwanPure-play
SK Hynix49 South KoreaIDMflash memory, DRAM, SSD, CMOS sensor
Micron50 United StatesIDMDRAM, NAND flash, SSD, NOR flash, Managed NAND, multichip packages
Qualcomm United StatesFablessRF module, digital signal processor, Snapdragon system on chip
Broadcom United StatesFablessBroadband/Wi-Fi/Bluetooth modems, Custom DSP & ARM CPUs
Kioxia51 JapanIDMNAND flash memory, SSD
Texas Instruments (TI) United StatesIDMMicrocontroller, SoC, DSP, Amplifiers, data converters
Analog Devices52 United StatesIDMAmplifiers, data converters, audio & video products, RF & microwave, sensors, MEMS
Qorvo United StatesIDMRF module, filters, Amplifiers, PMIC
Microchip United StatesIDMMicrocontrollers and analog semiconductors
NXP NetherlandsIDMPMIC Media processor, MIFARE, LPC
MediaTek TaiwanFablessSoC, chipset, CPU, GPU, DSP
Infineon53 GermanyIDMMicrocontrollers and power semiconductor devices
Bosch GermanyIDM
STMicroelectronics France/ ItalyIDMASIC, Microcontrollers
Sony JapanIDMActive-pixel sensor, NAND flash memory
ARM United KingdomFablessInstruction set architecture
AMD United StatesFablessx86-64 CPU, GPU, motherboard chipset, SDRAM
Nvidia United StatesFablessGPU
ON Semiconductor United StatesIDM
UMC TaiwanPure-play
Apple United StatesFablessApple silicon
IBM United StatesFablessIBM Power microprocessors, z/Architecture
Mitsubishi Electric JapanIDMPower semiconductor devices
Tower Semiconductor IsraelIDM
Xilinx United StatesFablessprogrammable logic device
SMIC ChinaPure-play
Wolfspeed United StatesIDMSiC
Nordic Semiconductor NorwayFablessBluetooth, Wifi, Low Power Cellular

Notes:

  • Pure-play foundries – They specialize in foundry services. They may or may not offer design services to third parties, as well as mask (photomask) making, semiconductor packaging and testing services, which can also be outsourced to other companies. An example is TSMC, which offers design, testing and packaging services, TCE photomasks, which offers only mask making services, and ChipMOS, which offers only packaging and testing services.
  • IDMs (integrated device manufacturers) – They may or may not offer foundry services.
  • Fabless suppliers – They do not offer foundry services. They may or may not offer design services to third parties.

Device shipments

Further information: List of best-selling electronic devices

Semiconductor devices (est. million manufactured units)54
YearOptoelectronicsSensor / ActuatorMOSFET55
1960–2001??2,900,000,000,000,000
200223,1641,654
200328,9552,482
200438,0563,310
200544,6754,137
20065655,4294,137
20075767,8394,136
200876,9394,964
200991,0034,964
201097,6226,619
2011110,0318,273
2012129,88611,583
2013131,54114,064
2014–2015??10,100,000,000,000,000
20165859217,20017,376
2017–2018??
1960–20181,112,340+87,699+13,000,000,000,000,000

Integrated circuits

Integrated circuit chips (est. million manufactured units)60
YearMOS memoryMPU / MCUAnalogLogicASICASSPTotal
1960–1991?15,00061????350,00062
1992633,706
1993644,060
1994654,938
1995666,092
1996676,206
19977,15568?????60,10069
1998–1999???????
200070??????89,100
2001???????
20029,1006,61924,81911,5822,48223,99278,594
200310,7556,61830,61114,0641,65525,64689,349
200413,2379,10033,09214,0641,65433,092104,239
200515,7198,27337,22914,8912,48138,056116,649
20067118,20110,75543,02018,2002,48245,501141,600
20077223,99212,40948,81118,2013,30945,502156,000
200825,64612,41049,63918,2001,65547,156154,706
200928,12811,58243,02014,8922,48243,847143,951
20107333,91916,54657,08419,0281,65457,911189,800
201133,91917,37456,25619,0281,65558,738186,970
201234,74717,37357,08417,3731,65557,083185,315
201333,91916,54667,83918,2012,48164,530203,516
2014?18,60074?????
2015?22,05875????235,60076
2016777843,44021,17479130,32052,128??342,416
2017?25,79780????581,32181
2018??????634,70082
1960–2018356,879+274,298+635,804+249,852+25,645+541,054+4,043,926+

Discrete devices

Discrete devices (est. million manufactured units)8384
YearDiscrete transistorsDiodeTotal
PowerSmall-signalTotal
1954–195685??28?28+
195786??30?30+
1958–1962?????
196387??303?303+
1964–1965?????
196688??968?968+
196789??881?881+
196890??997?997+
196991??1,249?1,249+
197092??914?914+
197193??881?881+
1972–2001?????
2002????232,472
2003????245,708
2004????287,901
2005????290,382
200694????321,820
200795????356,566
2008????324,301
2009????289,555
201053,00096?53,000+?371,458
201145,000110,000155,000143,000356,000
2012????345,812
201344,000103,000147,000146,000358,000
201448,000109,000157,000154,000380,000
20159752,000107,000159,000150,000372,000
20169853,300?53,300+?382,272
201758,100?58,100+?58,100+
201862,800?62,800+?62,800+
1954–2018416,200+429,000+851,451+593,000+5,041,398+

Sales

Manufacturers headquartered in the following places are the sales leaders in the pure-play foundry, IDM (integrated device manufacturing), fabless manufacturing and OSAT (outsourced semiconductor assembly and testing) sectors of the industry.99

RankFoundryIDMFablessOSAT
1 Taiwan United States United States Taiwan
2 United States South Korea Taiwan United States
3 China Japan China China
4 South Korea European Union European Union Singapore
5 Israel Taiwan Japan Japan

Manufacturers headquartered in the United States have fabrication plants across the world, including over 50% in the Americas, 39% in the Asia-Pacific region (including 9% in Japan), and 9% in Europe.100

See also

Notes

References

  1. Bardeen, John; Brattain, Walter (19 February 1952). "Oscillation Generator" (PDF). U.S. Patent Office. 2586597. Retrieved 8 December 2024. https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/da/87/56/660851ec62b07d/US2586597.pdf ↩

  2. Shockley, William (13 October 1953). "Bistable Circuits, Including Transistors" (PDF). U.S. Patent Office. 2655609. Retrieved 8 December 2024. https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/27/b7/2c/4e489b0ef85980/US2655609.pdf ↩

  3. Miller, Chris (October 2022). Chip War (1 ed.). New York, NY 10020: Simon & Schuster, Inc. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-9821-7200-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) 978-1-9821-7200-8 ↩

  4. "Motorola History Milestones". Motorola Solutions. Retrieved 8 December 2024. https://www.motorola.com/us/about/motorola-history-milestones?srsltid=AfmBOorJopVi5ToFPV7umWSI6yM5RgbngPK4-dh_0aVcTnl8nX9I7sa- ↩

  5. "Semiconductors – the Next Wave" (PDF). Deloitte. April 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20211020223147/https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/cn/Documents/technology-media-telecommunications/deloitte-cn-tmt-semiconductors-the-next-wave-en-190422.pdf ↩

  6. "European semiconductor industry declared Europe's most R&D intensive industry sector" (PDF). European Semiconductor Industry Association. Retrieved 2024-12-14. https://www.eusemiconductors.eu/sites/default/files/uploads/110201_ESIA_press_release_on_RD_intensity2.pdf ↩

  7. "Annual Semiconductor Sales Increase 21.6 Percent, Top $400 Billion for First Time". Semiconductor Industry Association. 5 February 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2019. https://www.semiconductors.org/annual-semiconductor-sales-increase-21.6-percent-top-400-billion-for-first-time/ ↩

  8. "Power Electronics: A Strategy for Success" (PDF). Government of the United Kingdom. Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. October 2011. Retrieved 11 October 2019. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/31795/11-1073-power-electronics-strategy-for-success.pdf ↩

  9. "Global Consumer Electronics Market to Reach US$ 2.9 Trillion by 2020 - Persistence Market Research". PR Newswire. Persistence Market Research. 3 January 2017. Retrieved 11 October 2019. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/global-consumer-electronics-market-to-reach-us-29-trillion-by-2020---persistence-market-research-609486755.html ↩

  10. "IT Industry Outlook 2019". CompTIA. January 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019. https://www.comptia.org/content/research/it-industry-trends-analysis ↩

  11. "Global e-Commerce sales surged to $29 trillion". United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. 29 March 2019. Retrieved 13 October 2019. https://unctad.org/en/pages/PressRelease.aspx?OriginalVersionID=505 ↩

  12. Kamal, Kamal Y. (2022). "The Silicon Age: Trends in Semiconductor Devices Industry" (PDF). Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review. 15 (1): 110–115. doi:10.25103/jestr.151.14. ISSN 1791-2377. S2CID 249074588. Retrieved 2022-05-26. http://www.jestr.org/downloads/Volume15Issue1/fulltext141512022.pdf ↩

  13. Kharpal, Arjun (2022-02-15). "Global semiconductor sales top half a trillion dollars for first time as chip production gets boost". CNBC. Retrieved 2022-02-15. https://www.cnbc.com/2022/02/15/global-chip-sales-in-2021-top-half-a-trillion-dollars-for-first-time.html ↩

  14. Kamal, Kamal Y. (2022). "The Silicon Age: Trends in Semiconductor Devices Industry" (PDF). Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review. 15 (1): 110–115. doi:10.25103/jestr.151.14. ISSN 1791-2377. S2CID 249074588. Retrieved 2022-05-26. http://www.jestr.org/downloads/Volume15Issue1/fulltext141512022.pdf ↩

  15. "Semiconductor Manufacturing by Country 2024". worldpopulationreview.com. Retrieved 2024-07-08. https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/semiconductor-manufacturing-by-country ↩

  16. Staff, ReportLinker. “Global Semiconductor Market Outlook 2022 Archived 2016-09-23 at the Wayback Machine.” January 13, 2016. February 19, 2016. http://www.reportlinker.com/p01360863-summary/Global-Semiconductor-Market-Outlook-to.html ↩

  17. "Chipmaking is being redesigned. Effects will be far-reaching". The Economist. 2021-01-23. ISSN 0013-0613. https://www.economist.com/business/2021/01/23/chipmaking-is-being-redesigned-effects-will-be-far-reaching ↩

  18. "Chipmaking is being redesigned. Effects will be far-reaching". The Economist. 2021-01-23. ISSN 0013-0613. https://www.economist.com/business/2021/01/23/chipmaking-is-being-redesigned-effects-will-be-far-reaching ↩

  19. "Chipmaking is being redesigned. Effects will be far-reaching". The Economist. 2021-01-23. ISSN 0013-0613. https://www.economist.com/business/2021/01/23/chipmaking-is-being-redesigned-effects-will-be-far-reaching ↩

  20. "GlobalFoundries Stops All 7nm Development: Opts to Focus on Specialized Processes". https://www.anandtech.com/show/13277/globalfoundries-stops-all-7nm-development ↩

  21. "Gartner Says Worldwide Semiconductor Revenue Grew 1.1% in 2022". Gartner. Retrieved 2023-08-10. https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2023-01-17-gartner-says-worldwide-semiconductor-revenue-grew-one-percent-in-2022 ↩

  22. "Gartner Says Worldwide Semiconductor Revenue Grew 10.4% in 2020". Gartner. Retrieved 2023-08-10. https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2020-04-12-gartner-says-worldwide-semiconductor-revenue-grew-10-4-percent-in-2020 ↩

  23. "Semiconductors – the Next Wave" (PDF). Deloitte. April 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20211020223147/https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/cn/Documents/technology-media-telecommunications/deloitte-cn-tmt-semiconductors-the-next-wave-en-190422.pdf ↩

  24. "Semiconductors – the Next Wave" (PDF). Deloitte. April 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20211020223147/https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/cn/Documents/technology-media-telecommunications/deloitte-cn-tmt-semiconductors-the-next-wave-en-190422.pdf ↩

  25. "Semiconductors – the Next Wave" (PDF). Deloitte. April 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20211020223147/https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/cn/Documents/technology-media-telecommunications/deloitte-cn-tmt-semiconductors-the-next-wave-en-190422.pdf ↩

  26. "Semiconductor sales revenue worldwide from 1987 to 2020 (in billion U.S. dollars)". Statista. July 4, 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019. https://www.statista.com/statistics/266973/global-semiconductor-sales-since-1988/ ↩

  27. "Global Chip Sales Hit $255.6 Billion in 2007". Semiconductor Industry Association. 1 February 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2019. https://www.semiconductors.org/global-chip-sales-hit-255-6-billion-in-2007/ ↩

  28. "Semiconductor sales revenue worldwide from 1987 to 2020 (in billion U.S. dollars)". Statista. July 4, 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019. https://www.statista.com/statistics/266973/global-semiconductor-sales-since-1988/ ↩

  29. "Semiconductors – the Next Wave" (PDF). Deloitte. April 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20211020223147/https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/cn/Documents/technology-media-telecommunications/deloitte-cn-tmt-semiconductors-the-next-wave-en-190422.pdf ↩

  30. "Annual Semiconductor Sales Increase 21.6 Percent, Top $400 Billion for First Time". Semiconductor Industry Association. 5 February 2018. Retrieved 29 July 2019. https://www.semiconductors.org/annual-semiconductor-sales-increase-21.6-percent-top-400-billion-for-first-time/ ↩

  31. "Global Power Semiconductor Market 2017-2018 to 2023: Analysis by Material, Component, Industry and Region". Business Wire. Research and Markets. 2 October 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2019. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20181002005795/en/Global-Power-Semiconductor-Market-2017-2018-2023-Analysis ↩

  32. Woodall, Jerry M. (2010). "Non-Silicon MOSFET Technology: A Long Time Coming". Fundamentals of III-V Semiconductor MOSFETs. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 1. ISBN 9781441915474. 9781441915474 ↩

  33. "Power Transistors to Hit Another Sales Record After Growth Bubble Ends". IC Insights. May 14, 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019. http://www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/Power-Transistors-To-Hit-Another-Sales-Record-After-Growth-Bubble-Ends/ ↩

  34. Asthana, Rajiv; Kumar, Ashok; Dahotre, Narendra B. (2022). Materials Processing and Manufacturing Science. Elsevier. p. 488. ISBN 9780080464886. 9780080464886 ↩

  35. "Samsung Takes Semiconductor Crown From Intel in 2021". Counterpoint Research. 2022-01-28. Retrieved 2023-08-10. https://www.counterpointresearch.com/semiconductor-revenue-ranking-2021/ ↩

  36. "ic insights". www.icinsights.com. 2020-11-23. Retrieved 2021-02-24. https://www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/Intel-To-Keep-Its-Number-One-Semiconductor-Supplier-Ranking-In-2020/ ↩

  37. Manners, David (14 November 2018). "Top Ten (+5) Semiconductor Companies 2018". Electronics Weekly. Retrieved 15 June 2019. https://www.electronicsweekly.com/blogs/mannerisms/ten-best/top-ten-5-semiconductor-companies-2018-2018-11/ ↩

  38. Manners, David (14 November 2018). "Top Ten (+5) Semiconductor Companies 2018". Electronics Weekly. Retrieved 15 June 2019. https://www.electronicsweekly.com/blogs/mannerisms/ten-best/top-ten-5-semiconductor-companies-2018-2018-11/ ↩

  39. "Top 25 2011 Semiconductor Sales Ranking". IC Insights. April 5, 2012. Retrieved 9 July 2019. http://www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/Extreme-Results-In-Top-25-2011-Semiconductor-Sales-Ranking/ ↩

  40. "Tracking the Top 10 Semiconductor Sales Leaders Over 26 Years". Semiconductor Market Research. IC Insights. December 12, 2011. http://www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/Tracking-The-Top-10-Semiconductor-Sales-Leaders-Over-26-Years/ ↩

  41. "Tracking the Top 10 Semiconductor Sales Leaders Over 26 Years". Semiconductor Market Research. IC Insights. December 12, 2011. http://www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/Tracking-The-Top-10-Semiconductor-Sales-Leaders-Over-26-Years/ ↩

  42. "Tracking the Top 10 Semiconductor Sales Leaders Over 26 Years". Semiconductor Market Research. IC Insights. December 12, 2011. http://www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/Tracking-The-Top-10-Semiconductor-Sales-Leaders-Over-26-Years/ ↩

  43. "WORLDWIDE IC MANUFACTURERS" (PDF). Smithsonian Institution. 1997. Retrieved 10 July 2019. http://smithsonianchips.si.edu/ice/cd/STATUS98/SEC02.PDF ↩

  44. "Tracking the Top 10 Semiconductor Sales Leaders Over 26 Years". Semiconductor Market Research. IC Insights. December 12, 2011. http://www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/Tracking-The-Top-10-Semiconductor-Sales-Leaders-Over-26-Years/ ↩

  45. "1980s Trends in the Semiconductor Industry". Semiconductor History Museum of Japan. Retrieved 10 July 2019. http://www.shmj.or.jp/english/trends/trd80s.html ↩

  46. "Tracking the Top 10 Semiconductor Sales Leaders Over 26 Years". Semiconductor Market Research. IC Insights. December 12, 2011. http://www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/Tracking-The-Top-10-Semiconductor-Sales-Leaders-Over-26-Years/ ↩

  47. "1980s Trends in the Semiconductor Industry". Semiconductor History Museum of Japan. Retrieved 10 July 2019. http://www.shmj.or.jp/english/trends/trd80s.html ↩

  48. "BEYOND BORDERS: THE GLOBAL SEMICONDUCTOR VALUE CHAIN" (PDF). Semiconductor Industry Association. May 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2019. https://www.semiconductors.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/SIA-Beyond-Borders-Report-FINAL-June-7.pdf ↩

  49. Formerly Hyundai Electronics. /wiki/Hyundai_Electronics ↩

  50. Acquired Elpida Memory and Powerchip. /wiki/Elpida_Memory ↩

  51. Formerly Toshiba Memory. /wiki/Toshiba ↩

  52. Acquired Maxim Integrated. /wiki/Maxim_Integrated ↩

  53. Acquired Cypress Semiconductor. /wiki/Cypress_Semiconductor ↩

  54. Bahai, Ahmed (2015). "Innovation in Power Electronics" (PDF). SEMICON West. Texas Instruments. Retrieved 23 October 2019.[permanent dead link] http://www.semiconwest.org/sites/semiconwest.org/files/data15/docs/2_Ahmad%20Bahai_TI.pdf ↩

  55. "13 Sextillion & Counting: The Long & Winding Road to the Most Frequently Manufactured Human Artifact in History". Computer History Museum. April 2, 2018. Retrieved 28 July 2019. https://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/13-sextillion-counting-the-long-winding-road-to-the-most-frequently-manufactured-human-artifact-in-history/ ↩

  56. "Semiconductor Unit Shipments To Exceed One Trillion Devices in 2016". IC Insights. February 18, 2014. Retrieved 15 October 2019. http://www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/semiconductor-unit-shipments-to-exceed-one-trillion-devices-in-2016/ ↩

  57. "Semiconductor Unit Shipments To Exceed One Trillion Devices in 2017". IC Insights. February 17, 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2019. http://www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/Semiconductor-Unit-Shipments-To-Exceed-One-Trillion-Devices-In-2017/ ↩

  58. Manners, David (10 March 2017). "Semi units to hit a trillion next year". Electronics Weekly. Retrieved 15 October 2019. https://www.electronicsweekly.com/news/business/semi-units-hit-trillion-next-year-2017-03/ ↩

  59. "Research Report on China Integrated Circuit Industry, 2018-2022: In 2017, Sales Value of Local IC Companies Reached Approximately USD 80.15 Billion". GlobeNewswire. 8 May 2018. Retrieved 15 October 2019. https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2018/05/08/1498129/0/en/Research-Report-on-China-Integrated-Circuit-Industry-2018-2022-In-2017-Sales-Value-of-Local-IC-Companies-Reached-Approximately-USD-80-15-Billion.html ↩

  60. Bahai, Ahmed (2015). "Innovation in Power Electronics" (PDF). SEMICON West. Texas Instruments. Retrieved 23 October 2019.[permanent dead link] http://www.semiconwest.org/sites/semiconwest.org/files/data15/docs/2_Ahmad%20Bahai_TI.pdf ↩

  61. Port, Otis (9 December 1996). "The Silicon Age? It's Just Dawning". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 15 October 2019. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/1996-12-08/the-silicon-age-its-just-dawning ↩

  62. Port, Otis (9 December 1996). "The Silicon Age? It's Just Dawning". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 15 October 2019. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/1996-12-08/the-silicon-age-its-just-dawning ↩

  63. "The MOS Memory Market" (PDF). Integrated Circuit Engineering Corporation. Smithsonian Institution. 1997. pp. 1–7. Retrieved 16 October 2019. http://smithsonianchips.si.edu/ice/cd/MEMORY97/SEC01.PDF#page=7 ↩

  64. "The MOS Memory Market" (PDF). Integrated Circuit Engineering Corporation. Smithsonian Institution. 1997. pp. 1–7. Retrieved 16 October 2019. http://smithsonianchips.si.edu/ice/cd/MEMORY97/SEC01.PDF#page=7 ↩

  65. "The MOS Memory Market" (PDF). Integrated Circuit Engineering Corporation. Smithsonian Institution. 1997. pp. 1–7. Retrieved 16 October 2019. http://smithsonianchips.si.edu/ice/cd/MEMORY97/SEC01.PDF#page=7 ↩

  66. "The MOS Memory Market" (PDF). Integrated Circuit Engineering Corporation. Smithsonian Institution. 1997. pp. 1–7. Retrieved 16 October 2019. http://smithsonianchips.si.edu/ice/cd/MEMORY97/SEC01.PDF#page=7 ↩

  67. "The MOS Memory Market" (PDF). Integrated Circuit Engineering Corporation. Smithsonian Institution. 1997. pp. 1–7. Retrieved 16 October 2019. http://smithsonianchips.si.edu/ice/cd/MEMORY97/SEC01.PDF#page=7 ↩

  68. "MOS Memory Market Trends" (PDF). Integrated Circuit Engineering Corporation. Smithsonian Institution. 1998. Retrieved 16 October 2019. http://smithsonianchips.si.edu/ice/cd/STATUS98/SEC07.PDF ↩

  69. "Semiconductor Unit Shipments To Exceed One Trillion Devices in 2017". IC Insights. February 17, 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2019. http://www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/Semiconductor-Unit-Shipments-To-Exceed-One-Trillion-Devices-In-2017/ ↩

  70. McGrath, Dylan (8 March 2016). "Semiconductor Shipments to Top 1 Trillion Units in 2018". EE Times. Retrieved 15 October 2019. https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1329127 ↩

  71. "Semiconductor Unit Shipments To Exceed One Trillion Devices in 2016". IC Insights. February 18, 2014. Retrieved 15 October 2019. http://www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/semiconductor-unit-shipments-to-exceed-one-trillion-devices-in-2016/ ↩

  72. "Semiconductor Unit Shipments To Exceed One Trillion Devices in 2017". IC Insights. February 17, 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2019. http://www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/Semiconductor-Unit-Shipments-To-Exceed-One-Trillion-Devices-In-2017/ ↩

  73. McGrath, Dylan (8 March 2016). "Semiconductor Shipments to Top 1 Trillion Units in 2018". EE Times. Retrieved 15 October 2019. https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1329127 ↩

  74. Roos, Gina (4 February 2015). "Microcontroller Market Continues to Strengthen". EPS News. Retrieved 26 October 2019. https://epsnews.com/2015/02/04/microcontroller-market-continues-strengthen/ ↩

  75. "Microcontroller sales set to soar, says IC Insights". Electronic Specifier. 13 September 2018. Retrieved 29 October 2019. https://www.electronicspecifier.com/around-the-industry/microcontroller-sales-set-to-soar-says-ic-insights ↩

  76. McGrath, Dylan (8 March 2016). "Semiconductor Shipments to Top 1 Trillion Units in 2018". EE Times. Retrieved 15 October 2019. https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1329127 ↩

  77. Manners, David (10 March 2017). "Semi units to hit a trillion next year". Electronics Weekly. Retrieved 15 October 2019. https://www.electronicsweekly.com/news/business/semi-units-hit-trillion-next-year-2017-03/ ↩

  78. "Research Report on China Integrated Circuit Industry, 2018-2022: In 2017, Sales Value of Local IC Companies Reached Approximately USD 80.15 Billion". GlobeNewswire. 8 May 2018. Retrieved 15 October 2019. https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2018/05/08/1498129/0/en/Research-Report-on-China-Integrated-Circuit-Industry-2018-2022-In-2017-Sales-Value-of-Local-IC-Companies-Reached-Approximately-USD-80-15-Billion.html ↩

  79. "Microcontroller sales set to soar, says IC Insights". Electronic Specifier. 13 September 2018. Retrieved 29 October 2019. https://www.electronicspecifier.com/around-the-industry/microcontroller-sales-set-to-soar-says-ic-insights ↩

  80. "Microcontroller sales set to soar, says IC Insights". Electronic Specifier. 13 September 2018. Retrieved 29 October 2019. https://www.electronicspecifier.com/around-the-industry/microcontroller-sales-set-to-soar-says-ic-insights ↩

  81. "Global and China $578 Bn Integrated Circuit Industries Markets, 2014-2018 & 2019-2023". PR Newswire. Research and Markets. June 5, 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/global-and-china-578-bn-integrated-circuit-industries-markets-2014-2018--2019-2023-300862541.html ↩

  82. "Global and China $578 Bn Integrated Circuit Industries Markets, 2014-2018 & 2019-2023". PR Newswire. Research and Markets. June 5, 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/global-and-china-578-bn-integrated-circuit-industries-markets-2014-2018--2019-2023-300862541.html ↩

  83. "Global discrete semiconductor shipments by type 2011-2020". Statista. Retrieved 15 October 2019. https://www.statista.com/statistics/668696/worldwide-discrete-semiconductor-market-shipments-by-type/ ↩

  84. Bahai, Ahmed (2015). "Innovation in Power Electronics" (PDF). SEMICON West. Texas Instruments. Retrieved 23 October 2019.[permanent dead link] http://www.semiconwest.org/sites/semiconwest.org/files/data15/docs/2_Ahmad%20Bahai_TI.pdf ↩

  85. Butrica, Andrew J. (2015). "Chapter 3: NASA's Role in the Manufacture of Integrated Circuits". In Dick, Steven J. (ed.). Historical Studies in the Societal Impact of Spaceflight (PDF). NASA. pp. 149–250. ISBN 978-1-62683-027-1. 978-1-62683-027-1 ↩

  86. Butrica, Andrew J. (2015). "Chapter 3: NASA's Role in the Manufacture of Integrated Circuits". In Dick, Steven J. (ed.). Historical Studies in the Societal Impact of Spaceflight (PDF). NASA. pp. 149–250. ISBN 978-1-62683-027-1. 978-1-62683-027-1 ↩

  87. Butrica, Andrew J. (2015). "Chapter 3: NASA's Role in the Manufacture of Integrated Circuits". In Dick, Steven J. (ed.). Historical Studies in the Societal Impact of Spaceflight (PDF). NASA. pp. 149–250. ISBN 978-1-62683-027-1. 978-1-62683-027-1 ↩

  88. Electronic receiving tubes and transistors production and maintenance workers at RCA Corporation plant. United States Tariff Commission. 1971. p. A-15. https://books.google.com/books?id=rMd3Bnxfdy0C&pg=SL1-PA15 ↩

  89. Electronic receiving tubes and transistors production and maintenance workers at RCA Corporation plant. United States Tariff Commission. 1971. p. A-15. https://books.google.com/books?id=rMd3Bnxfdy0C&pg=SL1-PA15 ↩

  90. Electronic receiving tubes and transistors production and maintenance workers at RCA Corporation plant. United States Tariff Commission. 1971. p. A-15. https://books.google.com/books?id=rMd3Bnxfdy0C&pg=SL1-PA15 ↩

  91. Butrica, Andrew J. (2015). "Chapter 3: NASA's Role in the Manufacture of Integrated Circuits". In Dick, Steven J. (ed.). Historical Studies in the Societal Impact of Spaceflight (PDF). NASA. pp. 149–250. ISBN 978-1-62683-027-1. 978-1-62683-027-1 ↩

  92. Electronic receiving tubes and transistors production and maintenance workers at RCA Corporation plant. United States Tariff Commission. 1971. p. A-15. https://books.google.com/books?id=rMd3Bnxfdy0C&pg=SL1-PA15 ↩

  93. Butrica, Andrew J. (2015). "Chapter 3: NASA's Role in the Manufacture of Integrated Circuits". In Dick, Steven J. (ed.). Historical Studies in the Societal Impact of Spaceflight (PDF). NASA. pp. 149–250. ISBN 978-1-62683-027-1. 978-1-62683-027-1 ↩

  94. "Semiconductor Unit Shipments To Exceed One Trillion Devices in 2016". IC Insights. February 18, 2014. Retrieved 15 October 2019. http://www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/semiconductor-unit-shipments-to-exceed-one-trillion-devices-in-2016/ ↩

  95. "Semiconductor Unit Shipments To Exceed One Trillion Devices in 2017". IC Insights. February 17, 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2019. http://www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/Semiconductor-Unit-Shipments-To-Exceed-One-Trillion-Devices-In-2017/ ↩

  96. Clarke, Peter (June 24, 2011). "Power transistor market set to grow 9% in 2011". EE Times. Retrieved 29 October 2019. https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1259790 ↩

  97. McGrath, Dylan (8 March 2016). "Semiconductor Shipments to Top 1 Trillion Units in 2018". EE Times. Retrieved 15 October 2019. https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1329127 ↩

  98. Manners, David (10 March 2017). "Semi units to hit a trillion next year". Electronics Weekly. Retrieved 15 October 2019. https://www.electronicsweekly.com/news/business/semi-units-hit-trillion-next-year-2017-03/ ↩

  99. "BEYOND BORDERS: THE GLOBAL SEMICONDUCTOR VALUE CHAIN" (PDF). Semiconductor Industry Association. May 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2019. https://www.semiconductors.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/SIA-Beyond-Borders-Report-FINAL-June-7.pdf ↩

  100. "BEYOND BORDERS: THE GLOBAL SEMICONDUCTOR VALUE CHAIN" (PDF). Semiconductor Industry Association. May 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2019. https://www.semiconductors.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/SIA-Beyond-Borders-Report-FINAL-June-7.pdf ↩