Shapingba (simplified Chinese: 沙坪坝; traditional Chinese: 沙坪垻; pinyin: Shāpíngbà) is a district of Chongqing, People's Republic of China, formerly known as Shaci District (沙磁区; Shācí qū) during the Sino-Japanese War. It is one of the central parts of Chongqing and covers around 396 square kilometers, with 13 subdistricts and 11 towns. Shapingba is one of the most populated areas in Chongqing with a population of around one million.
Location and geography
Shapingba is one of Chongqing's main districts. It borders Jiulongpo to the south, Bishan to the west and Beibei to the north. The district itself is on the west bank of the Jialing River.
History
Before Shapingba District became a part of Chongqing, it was part of Baxian (now Banan District). In the early 1930s, Shapingba District belonged to Baxian First District, and the government was located at Ciqikou (Longyin Town), in the ancient section of town. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Nationalist government moved its capital to Chongqing, and a large number of schools, factories and medical institutions settled in Shapingba. On February 6, 1938, the Chongqing University, the Sichuan College of Education, the Chongqing Nankai Middle School, the Chongqing Electrical Steel Works and several institutions relocated to Shapingba from Beijing, Shanghai or Nanjing such as the National Central University, China Radio International, and the Academia Sinica.
Administrative divisions
| Name | Chinese (S) | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010)2 | Area (km2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xiaolongkan Subdistrict | 小龙坎街道 | Xiǎolóngkǎn Jiēdào | 35,167 | 0.97 |
| Shapingba Subdistrict | 沙坪坝街道 | Shāpíngbà Jiēdào | 73,290 | 2.68 |
| Yubei Road Subdistrict | 渝碚路街道 | Yúbèilù Jiēdào | 100,012 | 2.3 |
| Ciqikou Subdistrict | 磁器口街道 | Cíqìkǒu Jiēdào | 18,963 | 1.2 |
| Tongjiaqiao Subdistrict | 童家桥街道 | Tóngjiāqiáo Jiēdào | 47,873 | 2.92 |
| Shijingpo Subdistrict | 石井坡街道 | Shíjǐngpō Jiēdào | 33,184 | 3.15 |
| Zhanjiaxi Subdistrict | 詹家溪街道 | Zhānjiāxī Jiēdào | 31,683 | |
| Jingkou Subdistrict | 井口街道 | Jǐngkǒu Jiēdào | 25,679 | |
| Geyaoshan Subdistrict | 歌乐山街道 | Gēyàoshān Jiēdào | 10,950 | 4 |
| Shandong Subdistrict | 山洞街道 | Shāndòng Jiēdào | 3,075 | 1.45 |
| Xinqiao Subdistrict | 新桥街道 | Zīnqiáo Jiēdào | 52,762 | |
| Tianxingqiao Subdistrict | 天星桥街道 | Tiānxīngqiáo Jiēdào | 77,470 | 5.2 |
| Tuwan Subdistrict | 土湾街道 | Tǔwān Jiēdào | 45,144 | 1.3 |
| Tanjiagang Subdistrict | 覃家岗街道 | Tánjiāgǎng Jiēdào | 79,544 | 31 |
| Chenjiaqiao Subdistrict | 陈家桥街道 | Chénjiāqiáo Jiēdào | 54,828 | 38.42 |
| Huxi Subdistrict | 虎溪街道 | Hǔxī Jiēdào | 54,079 | 27 |
| Xiyong Subdistrict | 西永街道 | Xīyǒng Jiēdào | 26,140 | 28.6 |
| Lianfang Subdistrict | 联芳街道 | Liánfāng Jiēdào | 24,778 | |
| Jingkou town | 井口镇 | Jǐngkǒu Zhèn | 27,404 | 25 |
| Geyaoshan town | 歌乐山镇 | Gēyàoshān Zhèn | 41,674 | 36.6 |
| Qingmuguan town | 青木关镇 | Qīngmùguān Zhèn | 30,469 | 32.27 |
| Fenghuang town | 凤凰镇 | Fènghuáng Zhèn | 19,902 | 31.7 |
| Huilongba town | 回龙坝镇 | Huílóngbà Zhèn | 26,582 | 39.1 |
| Zengjia town | 曾家镇 | Zēngjiā Zhèn | 23,947 | 34.03 |
| Tuzhu town | 土主镇 | Tǔzhǔ Zhèn | 18,303 | 33.32 |
| Zhongliang town | 中梁镇 | Zhōngliáng Zhèn | 17,111 |
Colleges and universities
- Chongqing University (重庆大学) (founded in 1929)
- Chongqing University of Science and Technology (重庆科技学院)
- Army Medical University (陆军军医大学)
- Chongqing Normal University (重庆师范大学)
- Southwest University of Political Science and Law (西南政法大学)
- Sichuan International Studies University (四川外国语大学)
- Western Chongqing University (渝西学院)
Climate
| Climate data for Chongqing (Shapingba District, 1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.8(65.8) | 24.6(76.3) | 34.3(93.7) | 36.5(97.7) | 38.9(102.0) | 39.8(103.6) | 42.0(107.6) | 43.7(110.7) | 42.0(107.6) | 37.4(99.3) | 29.6(85.3) | 21.5(70.7) | 43.7(110.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.4(50.7) | 13.6(56.5) | 18.6(65.5) | 23.9(75.0) | 27.4(81.3) | 29.8(85.6) | 33.7(92.7) | 33.9(93.0) | 28.5(83.3) | 22.0(71.6) | 17.3(63.1) | 11.7(53.1) | 22.6(72.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 8.1(46.6) | 10.4(50.7) | 14.5(58.1) | 19.2(66.6) | 22.6(72.7) | 25.4(77.7) | 28.9(84.0) | 28.9(84.0) | 24.4(75.9) | 18.9(66.0) | 14.5(58.1) | 9.5(49.1) | 18.8(65.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 6.4(43.5) | 8.3(46.9) | 11.7(53.1) | 16.0(60.8) | 19.4(66.9) | 22.4(72.3) | 25.4(77.7) | 25.3(77.5) | 21.5(70.7) | 16.8(62.2) | 12.5(54.5) | 8.0(46.4) | 16.1(61.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −1.8(28.8) | −0.8(30.6) | 1.2(34.2) | 2.8(37.0) | 10.8(51.4) | 15.5(59.9) | 19.2(66.6) | 17.8(64.0) | 14.3(57.7) | 6.9(44.4) | 0.7(33.3) | −1.7(28.9) | −1.8(28.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 20.7(0.81) | 22.4(0.88) | 55.6(2.19) | 103.4(4.07) | 142.5(5.61) | 212.1(8.35) | 174.2(6.86) | 125.7(4.95) | 124.7(4.91) | 95.3(3.75) | 50.4(1.98) | 24.7(0.97) | 1,151.7(45.33) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 10.0 | 8.9 | 11.5 | 13.6 | 16.0 | 16.0 | 11.3 | 11.5 | 12.6 | 15.8 | 11.3 | 10.6 | 149.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 82 | 78 | 75 | 75 | 76 | 79 | 73 | 70 | 77 | 84 | 83 | 84 | 78 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 16.6 | 32.9 | 72.8 | 105.8 | 109.7 | 98.7 | 169.3 | 175.2 | 102.6 | 46.6 | 35.0 | 18.0 | 983.2 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 5 | 10 | 19 | 27 | 26 | 24 | 40 | 43 | 28 | 13 | 11 | 6 | 21 |
| Average ultraviolet index | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 8 |
| Source 1: China Meteorological Administration345 | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather Atlas (uv)67 | |||||||||||||
Transport
Transport connections to and from Shapingba has improved over the years. There are buses that run directly to most other districts including Jiangbei, Yuzhong and Jiulongpo. Three highways, Chengdu-Chongqing, Chongqing-Changshou and Shangqiao-Jieshi come across here. Within only half an hour, it is possible to reach the Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport. Chongqing's West Railway Station is located in Shapingba. Though departures and arrivals are somewhat limited at this station, it is quite useful for trips to nearby destations such as Guiyang or Dazhou.
Metro
Shapingba metro station is currently served by three metro lines operated by Chongqing Rail Transit:
- Line 1 - Gaomiaocun, Majiayan, Xiaolongkan, Shapingba, Yanggongqiao, Lieshimu, Ciqikou, Shijingpo, Shuangbei, Laijiaqiao, Weidianyuan, Chenjiaqiao, Daxuecheng, Jiandingpo
- Line 9 - (unfinished editing)
- Loop line - (unfinished editing)
- Line 27 - Construction started in 2022 and will be set to complete in the future
Industry
The industry of Shapingba mainly consists of motorcycle and car manufacture, electrical equipment, biologic-chemical industry and tertiary occupation. The state owned corporations include Jialing Group, Southwest Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd and Chongqing Pesticide Chemical Group, while private owned corporations include Chongqing HuiLi Ltd [1], Lifan Group, Yuan Group and Huayang Group.
Tourism
Shapingba has a number of tourist attractions, including the monuments of Anti-Japanese War and Red Crag. The Geleshan is located in the old town of Ciqikou. Lin's Garden is also an attraction.
References
According to "《通用规范汉字表》解读" (An Interpretation of the List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters), 坝 was merged from two different Traditional Chinese characters: 垻 and 壩. The definition of 垻 is "平地（沙坪坝） flat land (Shapingba)", while 壩 means "dam" or "dike", showing that the traditional form of 沙坪坝 should be 沙坪垻. In addition, the ancient dictionary Guangyun defines 垻 as 蜀人謂平川爲垻 (Sichuan people call flat land "垻"). /wiki/List_of_Commonly_Used_Standard_Chinese_Characters ↩
shi, Guo wu yuan ren kou pu cha ban gong; council, Guo jia tong ji ju ren kou he jiu ye tong ji si bian = Tabulation on the 2010 population census of the people's republic of China by township / compiled by Population census office under the state; population, Department of; statistics, employment statistics national bureau of (2012). Zhongguo 2010 nian ren kou pu cha fen xiang, zhen, jie dao zi liao (Di 1 ban. ed.). Beijing Shi: Zhongguo tong ji chu ban she. ISBN 978-7-5037-6660-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) 978-7-5037-6660-2 ↩
"Index" 中国气象数据网 - WeatherBk Data. China Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 9 November 2018. 中国气象数据网 - WeatherBk Data ↩
CMA台站气候标准值(1991-2020) (in Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 2023-04-11. CMA台站气候标准值(1991-2020) ↩
中国地面国际交换站气候标准值数据集 （1971–2000年） (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. May 2011. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 23 May 2011. 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值数据集 （1971–2000年） ↩
"Monthly weather forecast and climate - Chongqing, China". Weather Atlas. Retrieved 12 June 2020. https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/china/chongqing-climate#uv_index ↩
"57516: Chongqing (China)". ogimet.com (in Spanish). OGIMET. 19 August 2022. Retrieved 20 August 2022. https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=57516&ano=2022&mes=8&day=20&hora=18&min=0&ndays=30 ↩