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Shuttle Loop
Steel roller coaster

Shuttle Loop is a type of steel launched shuttle roller coaster designed by Reinhold Spieldiener of Intamin and manufactured by Anton Schwarzkopf. A total of 12 installations were produced between 1977 and 1982. These 12 installations have been located in a total of 22 different amusement parks.

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History

The first installation of a Shuttle Loop dates back to 1977 when King Kobra opened at Kings Dominion.23 Two other rides were also installed that year: White Lightnin' at Carowinds and Tidal Wave at Marriott's Great America (California).45 Tidal Wave at Marriott's Great America (Illinois) opened in 1978 and was the last to feature the weight drop launch system.67 Also that year, Knott's Berry Farm opened Montezooma's Revenge and Six Flags AstroWorld opened Greezed Lightnin' as the first installations to feature the flywheel launch system.8910 A number of installations followed across the world.

Twenty-two theme parks have operated Shuttle Loops, with half of the twelve original installations being relocated at some time. As of September 2013[update], only five installations are operating, with another one in storage.1112131415 The remaining Shuttle Loops were either demolished or used for replacement parts on other installations.1617181920

Notable installations

  • The original King Kobra from Kings Dominion is the most traveled shuttle loop, having operated at Kings Dominion, Jolly Roger Amusement Park, Alton Towers and Hopi Hari.21
  • Montezooma's Revenge at Knott's Berry Farm is the longest running shuttle loop that is still in its original location. All of the shuttle loops that were installed before it have either been moved or destroyed. Following the closure of Kentucky Kingdom's Greezed Lightnin' in 2009, "Zooma" became the only operating shuttle loop in the United States until Indiana Beach's Shuttle Loop (previously stored at Niagara Amusement Park & Splash World).2223 The ride was closed in 2022 for a major refurbishment and was originally set for a 2023 opening.24 As of February 2024[update], the project was halted due to unknown construction issues and the ride is currently standing with its loop and launch track removed. It is currently set for a 2025 reopening.
  • Shuttle Loop at Nagashima Spa Land is the only remaining Shuttle Loop operating in Asia.25
  • The first European Shuttle Loop, Sirocco, was installed in 1982 at Walibi Wavre in Belgium. In 1999, the ride was partially enclosed to reduce noise and was renamed Turbine. Turbine closed in 2008 and reopened in 2013 with a new train from Gerstlauer and a new name, Psyké Underground. The ride is now completely enclosed making it the first indoor shuttle loop. In late 2024 or early 2025 the ride will be closed and will be reopened late 2025 with the new theming with the log flume and the new coaster speed boats. They already have changed the train and are working on the new zone Dock World. The ride will be renamed back to Turbine and it will stay completely enclosed.
  • The shuttle loop, Greezed Lightnin', that operated at Kentucky Kingdom from 2003 to 2009 was composed of the two Tidal Wave Shuttle Loops from the Marriott's Great America parks in California and Illinois.26
  • The final new installation was Shuttle Loop at Oyama Yuenchi in 1990.27
  • Kennywood in Pittsburgh, PA included Laser Loop, a shuttle loop coaster opened in 1980 before being closed and relocated in 1990. It is currently stored at Indiana Beach awaiting reconstruction.

Ride

Experience

The train is launched out of the station at a speed of between 53 and 60 miles per hour (85 and 97 km/h) before passing through a vertical loop and up a 138-foot-tall spike (42 m). Once the momentum of the train runs out on the 70° spike, the train begins to traverse the track backwards, returning through the loop. The train then passes back through the station and goes up another 70° steep spike, which stands at 105 feet (32 m), until it stalls again and rolls forward back into the brake run and station.2829

Mechanics

Anton Schwarzkopf designed the Shuttle Loop in the late 1970s. He filed a patent for the concept in 1978 which was approved the following year.30 The patent describes two launch systems, both of which were implemented in various roller coasters:313233

  • Weight drop – a number of the early installations in 1977 and 1978 featured a weight drop launch system.34 This system involved a catch car attaching itself to the train, which was attached to the weight via a cable. When the launch was triggered, the 40-tonne (39-long-ton; 44-short-ton) weight was dropped down a shaft pulling the cable and catch car which in turn pushed the train down the launch track.3536
  • Flywheel - from 1978, all of the new installations featured a flywheel launch system.37 This system consists of a 6-tonne (5.9-long-ton; 6.6-short-ton) flywheel which is spun at over 1000 revolutions per minute. This flywheel engages a drive system, through a system of multiple clutches, that is attached to a cable that in-turn propels the train forward.38

Gerstlauer completed an upgrade of Walibi Belgium's installation for the 2013 season. As part of the upgrade Gerstlauer replaced the existing flywheel launch system with a new linear induction motor (LIM) launch system. The company also added a new train. The ride was then completely enclosed and relaunched as Psyké Underground. The flywheel launch system is now displayed in the queue of the ride.394041

Installations

NameParkOpenedClosedStatusLengthHeightSpeedLaunch
Golden LoopWhite Lightnin'Gold Reef CityCarowinds198919771988OperatingRelocated to Gold Reef City863 ft or 263 m138 ft or 42 m57 mph or 92 km/hWeight Drop4243
Greased Lightnin'Tidal WaveSix Flags Discovery KingdomCalifornia's Great America2003197720062002RemovedRelocated to Six Flags Discovery Kingdom863 ft or 263 m138 ft or 42 m57 mph or 92 km/hWeight Drop4445
Greezed Lightnin'ViperTidal WaveKentucky KingdomSix Flags Over GeorgiaSix Flags Great America20031995197820094620011991Removed4748Relocated to Kentucky KingdomRelocated to Six Flags Over Georgia863 ft or 263 m138 ft or 42 m57 mph or 92 km/hWeight Drop495051
KatapulThunder LooperKing KobraKing KobraHopi HariAlton TowersJolly Roger Amusement ParkKings Dominion1999199019871977199619891986OperatingRelocated to Hopi HariRelocated to Alton TowersRelocated to Jolly Roger Amusement Park722 ft or 220 m138 ft or 42 m53 mph or 85 km/hWeight Drop52535455
MonteZOOMa: The Forbidden FortressKnott's Berry Farm1978Undergoing Refurbishment800 ft or 240 m148 ft or 45 m55 mph or 89 km/hFlywheel56
Shuttle LoopNagashima Spa Land1980Operating863 ft or 263 m138 ft or 42 m57 mph or 92 km/hFlywheel57
Shuttle LoopToshimaen19802008Removed58863 ft or 263 m138 ft or 42 m57 mph or 92 km/hFlywheel59
Shuttle LoopŌyama Yūenchi19802005RemovedUnknownUnknownUnknownFlywheel60
Shuttle LoopYokohama Dreamland19792002Removed920 ft or 280 m138 ft or 42 m56 mph or 90 km/hFlywheel6162
Psyké UndergroundTurbineSiroccoWalibi Belgium20131999198220081998Operating722 ft or 220 m138 ft or 42 m53 mph or 85 km/hLIMFlywheelFlywheel63
Unknown646566Greezed Lightnin'Joyland Amusement ParkSix Flags AstroWorld20122006197820122005ScrappedOwnership transferred to Cliff's Amusement ParkRelocated to Joyland Amusement Park849 ft or 259 m138 ft or 42 m60 mph or 97 km/hFlywheel676869
UnknownUnknownCascabel 2.0CascabelLaser LoopIndiana BeachNiagara Amusement Park & Splash WorldLa Feria Chapultepec MagicoKennywoodTBA202219941980202420191990In StorageRelocated to Indiana BeachRelocated to Niagara Amusement ParkRelocated to La Feria Chapultepec Mágico876 ft or 267 m139 ft or 42 m54 mph or 87 km/hFlyWheel70717273

Incidents

On August 27, 1997, the Sirocco at Walibi Wavre failed to launch at the correct speed. The train went to the loop very slowly and up the spike, to roll backwards. During the backwards passage of the loop, the train halted at the uppermost point, causing the train to get stuck hanging upside-down. The passengers were hanging heads-down for one hour and twenty minutes, only held in place with lap bar restraints. The train was pulled back further down the track with help of the local fire station brigade.7475

A 20-year-old woman died on September 1, 2001, one day after riding Montezooma's Revenge, the Shuttle Loop at Knott's Berry Farm. She suffered a ruptured middle cerebral artery, and an autopsy revealed a pre-existing condition. The ride was closed for several days while an investigation was conducted. Though state investigators concluded that the ride did not contribute to her death, a wrongful death lawsuit was later filed by her family in 2002.76 The lawsuit was dismissed in 2006.77

Notes

References

  1. Scheinin, Lisa (1993). "Who's Who & What's What (Part II)". RollerCoaster! Magazine. 15 (2). Chicago, Illinois: American Coaster Enthusiasts: 33. ISSN 0896-7261. /wiki/ISSN_(identifier) ↩

  2. Marden, Duane. "King Kobra (Kings Dominion)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/637.htm ↩

  3. Marden, Duane. "King Kobra (Jolly Roger Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/638.htm ↩

  4. Marden, Duane. "White Lightnin' (Carowinds)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/667.htm ↩

  5. Marden, Duane. "Greased Lightnin' (California's Great America)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/75.htm ↩

  6. Marden, Duane. "Tidal Wave (Six Flags Great America)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/38.htm ↩

  7. Marden, Duane. "Roller Coaster Search Results (Shuttle Loop)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/http://www.rcdb.com/r.htm?ot=2&mo=8192&order=18.htm ↩

  8. Marden, Duane. "Roller Coaster Search Results (Shuttle Loop)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/http://www.rcdb.com/r.htm?ot=2&mo=8192&order=18.htm ↩

  9. Marden, Duane. "Montezooma's Revenge (Knott's Berry Farm)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/292.htm ↩

  10. Marden, Duane. "Greezed Lightnin' (Six Flags AstroWorld)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/55.htm ↩

  11. Marden, Duane. "Montezooma's Revenge (Knott's Berry Farm)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/292.htm ↩

  12. Marden, Duane. "Golden Loop (Gold Reef City)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/1168.htm ↩

  13. Marden, Duane. "Katapul (Hopi Hari)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/1152.htm ↩

  14. Marden, Duane. "Shuttle Loop (Nagashima Spa Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/1177.htm ↩

  15. Marden, Duane. "unknown (Cliff's Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/10698.htm ↩

  16. Marden, Duane. "Greezed Lightnin' (Kentucky Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/2216.htm ↩

  17. Marden, Duane. "Shuttle Loop (Oyama Yuenchi)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/2876.htm ↩

  18. Marden, Duane. "Greased Lightnin' (Six Flags Discovery Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/2379.htm ↩

  19. Marden, Duane. "Shuttle Loop (Toshimaen)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/1205.htm ↩

  20. Marden, Duane. "Shuttle Loop (Yokohama Dreamland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/1294.htm ↩

  21. Marden, Duane. "Katapul (Hopi Hari)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/1152.htm ↩

  22. Marden, Duane. "Roller Coaster Search Results". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/http://rcdb.com/r.htm?ot=2&mo=8192&page=1&order=-10.htm ↩

  23. "Unknown, Indiana Beach". Roller Coaster Database. https://rcdb.com/21874.htm ↩

  24. MacDonald, Brady (May 16, 2023). "Knott's Berry Farm delays relaunch of Montezooma coaster". Orange County Register. Retrieved August 19, 2024. https://www.ocregister.com/2023/05/16/knotts-berry-farm-delays-relaunch-of-montezooma-coaster/ ↩

  25. Marden, Duane. "Roller Coaster Search Results". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/http://rcdb.com/r.htm?ot=2&mo=8192&page=1&order=-10.htm ↩

  26. Marden, Duane. "Greezed Lightnin' (Kentucky Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/2216.htm ↩

  27. Marden, Duane. "Shuttle Loop (Oyama Yuenchi)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/2876.htm ↩

  28. "Shuttle Loop 1". Schwarzkopf Coaster Net. 1 November 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2012. http://schwarzkopf.coaster.net/ESshuttlelooptyp1GF.htm ↩

  29. "Shuttle Loop 2". Schwarzkopf Coaster Net. 1 November 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2012. http://schwarzkopf.coaster.net/ESshuttlelooptyp2GF.htm ↩

  30. US patent 4165695, Schwarzkopf, Anton, "Amusement ride with vertical track loop", issued August 28, 1979, assigned to Husar, Francis S. and Reece, Randolph A. https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US4165695 ↩

  31. "Shuttle Loop 1". Schwarzkopf Coaster Net. 1 November 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2012. http://schwarzkopf.coaster.net/ESshuttlelooptyp1GF.htm ↩

  32. "Shuttle Loop 2". Schwarzkopf Coaster Net. 1 November 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2012. http://schwarzkopf.coaster.net/ESshuttlelooptyp2GF.htm ↩

  33. US patent 4165695, Schwarzkopf, Anton, "Amusement ride with vertical track loop", issued August 28, 1979, assigned to Husar, Francis S. and Reece, Randolph A. https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US4165695 ↩

  34. Marden, Duane. "Roller Coaster Search Results (Shuttle Loop)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/http://www.rcdb.com/r.htm?ot=2&mo=8192&order=18.htm ↩

  35. Weisenberger, Nick (2013). Coasters 101: An Engineer's Guide to Roller Coaster Design. Nick Weisenberger. pp. 49–50. ISBN 9781468013559. OCLC 927712635. 9781468013559 ↩

  36. Marden, Duane. "Shuttle Loop". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/8192.htm ↩

  37. Marden, Duane. "Roller Coaster Search Results (Shuttle Loop)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/http://www.rcdb.com/r.htm?ot=2&mo=8192&order=18.htm ↩

  38. Marden, Duane. "Shuttle Loop". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/8192.htm ↩

  39. Marden, Duane. "Psyké Underground (Walibi Belgium)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/921.htm ↩

  40. Geering, Philipp (16 May 2013). "Psyké Underground – The new Sirocco / Turbine at Walibi Belgium". Walibi Belgium (Interview). Wavre, Walloon Brabant. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved 29 June 2013. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SL7X3t2swcA ↩

  41. "Psyké Underground". Park World Magazine: 10. September 2013. ↩

  42. Marden, Duane. "White Lightnin' (Carowinds)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/667.htm ↩

  43. Marden, Duane. "Golden Loop (Gold Reef City)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/1168.htm ↩

  44. Marden, Duane. "Greased Lightnin' (California's Great America)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/75.htm ↩

  45. Marden, Duane. "Greased Lightnin' (Six Flags Discovery Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/2379.htm ↩

  46. Ceased operation in 2009 before removal in 2013. ↩

  47. The track was used as replacement parts for the Kentucky Kingdom installation during the 2005/2006 off season. ↩

  48. Marden, Duane. "Greezed Lightnin' (Kentucky Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/2216.htm ↩

  49. Marden, Duane. "Tidal Wave (Six Flags Great America)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/38.htm ↩

  50. Marden, Duane. "Greezed Lightnin' (Kentucky Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/2216.htm ↩

  51. Marden, Duane. "Viper (Six Flags Over Georgia)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/39.htm ↩

  52. Marden, Duane. "King Kobra (Kings Dominion)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/637.htm ↩

  53. Marden, Duane. "King Kobra (Jolly Roger Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/638.htm ↩

  54. Marden, Duane. "Katapul (Hopi Hari)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/1152.htm ↩

  55. Marden, Duane. "Thunderlooper (Alton Towers)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/798.htm ↩

  56. Marden, Duane. "Montezooma's Revenge (Knott's Berry Farm)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/292.htm ↩

  57. Marden, Duane. "Shuttle Loop (Nagashima Spa Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/1177.htm ↩

  58. Was set to be relocated to Attractiepark Rotterdam in 2018, but was later cancelled. ↩

  59. Marden, Duane. "Shuttle Loop (Toshimaen)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/1205.htm ↩

  60. Marden, Duane. "Shuttle Loop (Oyama Yuenchi)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/2876.htm ↩

  61. Marden, Duane. "Shuttle Loop (Yokohama Dreamland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/1294.htm ↩

  62. "話題の絶叫機登場 西独製を三精が横浜ドリームに導入 日本初、往復宙返り" [Hot thrill ride debut,Sansei delivers BRD product to Yokohama Dream,Japan's first shuttle and loop] (PDF) (in Japanese). Game Machine. April 1, 1979. Retrieved 2021-10-30. https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19790401p.pdf ↩

  63. Marden, Duane. "Psyké Underground (Walibi Belgium)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/921.htm ↩

  64. Coaster has been in storage near MacKenzie Park (track) and Larson Manufacturing (trains, flywheel and hardware) since 2006. ↩

  65. "Historic Greezed Lightnin' moving to Cliffs Amusement Park". Amusement Today. 4 May 2012. Retrieved January 20, 2014. http://www.amusementtoday.com/historic-greezed-lightnin-moving-to-cliffs-amusement-park/ ↩

  66. "Map coordinates 33.610636,-101.834203". Google Maps. Retrieved January 22, 2014. https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=33.610636,-101.834203&spn=0.003192,0.002951&t=h&q=unknown%4033.610636,-101.834203/ ↩

  67. Marden, Duane. "Greezed Lightnin' (Six Flags AstroWorld)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/55.htm ↩

  68. Marden, Duane. "unknown (Joyland Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/3514.htm ↩

  69. Rides4u.com http://www.rides4u.com/view/2056 http://www.rides4u.com/view/2056 ↩

  70. Marden, Duane. "Unknown (Niagara Amusement Park & Splash World)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/19900.htm ↩

  71. Marden, Duane. "Cascabel (La Feria Chapultepec Magico)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/353.htm ↩

  72. Marden, Duane. "Laser Loop (Kennywood)". Roller Coaster DataBase. https://rcdb.com/352.htm ↩

  73. "Unknown, Indiana Beach". Roller Coaster Database. https://rcdb.com/21874.htm ↩

  74. "Recherche". http://archives.lesoir.be/walibi-les-tests-incriminent-un-incident-et-l-inertie-s_t-19970828-Z0E4MA.html ↩

  75. StarParc, Walibi Belgium – Incident Sirocco 27 août 1997 – Archive, archived from the original on 2021-12-21, retrieved 2019-01-19 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x-c1iZuUWxA ↩

  76. Anton, Mike (8 August 2002). "Knott's Sued in Death of Woman". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 9 October 2010. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-aug-08-me-knotts8-story.html ↩

  77. "Court upholds dismissal of coaster lawsuit". Orange County Register. 24 February 2006. Retrieved 9 October 2010. http://www.ocregister.com/articles/million-64765-percent-court.html ↩