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Examples

Examples of vascular stenotic lesions include:

• Intermittent claudication (peripheral artery stenosis)
• Angina (coronary artery stenosis)
• Carotid artery stenosis which predispose to (strokes and transient ischaemic episodes)⁷
• Renal artery stenosis

Types

In heart valves

The types of stenoses in heart valves are:

• Pulmonary valve stenosis, which is the thickening of the pulmonary valve, therefore causing narrowing
• Mitral valve stenosis, which is the thickening of the mitral valve (of the left heart), therefore causing narrowing
• Tricuspid valve stenosis, which is the thickening of the tricuspid valve (of the right heart), therefore causing narrowing
• Aortic valve stenosis, which is the thickening of the aortic valve, therefore causing narrowing

Elsewhere

Stenoses/strictures of other bodily structures/organs include:

• Pyloric stenosis (gastric outflow obstruction)
• Lumbar, cervical or thoracic spinal stenosis
• Subglottic stenosis (SGS)
• Tracheal stenosis
• Obstructive jaundice (biliary tract stenosis)
• Bowel obstruction
• Phimosis
• Non-communicating hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis
• Stenosing tenosynovitis
• Atherosclerosis
• Esophageal stricture
• Achalasia
• Prinzmetal angina
• Vaginal stenosis
• Meatal stenosis
• Anal stricture
• Rectal stricture

Causes

• Alcohol
• Atherosclerosis
• Birth defects
• Calcification
• Diabetes
• Headbanging
• Iatrogenic
• Infection
• Inflammation
• Ischemia
• Neoplasm
• Smoking
• Ureteral
• Urethral

Diagnosis

Stenoses of the vascular type are often associated with unusual blood sounds resulting from turbulent flow over the narrowed blood vessel. This sound can be made audible by a stethoscope, but diagnosis is generally made or confirmed with some form of medical imaging (such as ultrasound).⁸

See also

• Atresia
• Spinal stenosis

External links

• "Tracheal Stenosis Audio and Video". Archived from the original on 2007-01-12.
• "Symptoms of Urethral Stricture". 20 May 2011. Archived from the original on July 17, 2016.

References

1. "Dorlands Medical Dictionary:stenosis". www.mercksource.com. Retrieved 2010-05-05. http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/seven/000100588.htm#000100588 ↩

2. "Atherosclerosis - What Is Atherosclerosis?". National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. 24 March 2022. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/atherosclerosis ↩

3. "coarctation" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary https://web.archive.org/web/20090628224336/http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/two/000022218.htm ↩

4. "Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA)". American Heart Association. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects/coarctation-of-the-aorta-coa ↩

5. Groenemeijer, B. E.; Bakker, A.; Slis, H. W.; Waalewijn, R. A.; Heijmen, R. H. (July 2008). "An unexpected finding late after repair of coarctation of the aorta". Netherlands Heart Journal. 16 (7): 260–263. doi:10.1007/bf03086158. PMC 2516290. PMID 18711614. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2516290 ↩

6. Forgos, Richard N. (August 2004). "Restenosis After Angioplasty and Stenting". http://heartdisease.about.com/cs/angioplastystents/a/restenosis.htm ↩

7. "Carotid Artery Stenosis". The Lecturio Medical Concept Library. 15 March 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021. https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/carotid-artery-stenosis/ ↩

8. Takekawa, Hidehiro; Tsukui, Daisuke; Kobayasi, Saro; Suzuki, Keisuke; Hamaguchi, Hirotoshi (October 2022). "Ultrasound diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis and occlusion". Journal of Medical Ultrasonics. 49 (4): 675–687. doi:10.1007/s10396-022-01259-7. PMID 36175716. S2CID 252622616. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩