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tkWWW
Web browser and editor

tkWWW is an early, now discontinued web browser and WYSIWYG HTML editor written by Joseph Wang at MIT as part of Project Athena and the Globewide Network Academy project. The browser was based on the Tcl language and the Tk (toolkit) extension but did not achieve broad user-acceptance or market share, although it was included in many Linux distributions by default. Joseph Wang wanted tkWWW to become a replacement for r r n and to become a "swiss army knife" of networked computing.

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History

Joseph Wang announced in July 1992 that he was developing a web browser based on Tk, and made the alpha version 0.1 publicly available.11

Version 0.4 integrated a much easier installation procedure, a better default color scheme, keyboard traversals and a history mechanism.12 Version 0.5, released 8 February 1993, introduced support for multiple fonts.13

Version 0.6 made personal annotations compatible with xmosaic and improved the GUI.1415

With the release of version 0.7 on 1 May 1993, tkWWW became the first WYSIWYG HTML editor for X111617 which was originally written by Nathan Torkington.1819 Another improvement was the ability to start in iconic mode.2021

Version 0.8 improved the graphical user interface (GUI) and added a "reload" option.22

In version 0.9, the browser achieved beta status and added support for character-styling tags and for version 7.0 of Tcl, as well as partial support for image tags.2324

Version 0.11 worked successfully with RCS[dubious – discuss].25   Based on the newly released Tk 4.0, tkWWW 0.13 was an alpha release, in order to allow for wider testing. It also added full support for inline images.26

Support for HTML+, a proposed successor to HTML 2, was implemented while the specification was being developed.27

tkWWW was extended by the GNU Guile project, to support Scheme extensions.28

Further development

The short-term agenda for tkWWW included an SGML parser293031 and the separation of the browser from the editor,32 in order to simplify user experience.33 The long-term plan included new functions like word processing, directory navigation, file transfer, and news and email reading.34

Features

tkWWW was developed before the advent of Safe-Tcl, to allow untrusted applications to run from non-privileged accounts. Without such a safeguard, the potential for automatically executing remote scripts was a security issue.58

tkWWW was criticized for not supporting the mailto URI scheme, rlogin, WAIS, and HTML forms. A stop-button to interrupt the transfer of web pages was also not integrated.59

Extensions

Because tkWWW was based on the Tk framework, it was very easy to expand its functions and to extend its capabilities. Indeed, there were several extensions and applications based on tkWWW.6061

Phoenix

Phoenix was a well-known web browser and editor, created at the University of Chicago in the Biological Sciences Division, that was built on tkWWW version 0.9.626364  Development began in the summer of 1993, when there weren't any easy-to-use web-page editors available.65 Development ceased in May 1995, there being a variety of similar tools available.6667  The main new features were: improved HTML+ support,6869 deeper integration of features such as copy and paste and native look-and-feel,7071 and support for the Kerberos protocol by modified servers.72 The browser was supported on MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, and on Linux and other Unix systems.737475 Further development would have added support for BSD platforms.76

The short-term plan for tkWWW was to separate the editing and browsing functions, as had already been accomplished for Phoenix.77 Inline-image support for GIFs and ISMAPs were also already integrated in the first version of Phoenix.78

The ability to access Multi-user Object-Oriented (MOO) or Multi-User Dungeon (MUD) servers was requested as a new package for tkWWW, and this was delivered by the Phoenix team.798081

The TkWWW Robot

Scott Spetka presented a paper at the Mosaic and the Web Conference in Chicago entitled "The TkWWW Robot" in October 1994.8283 TkWWW robot was one of the first web crawlers and internet bots based on tkWWW. It was developed over the summer at the Air Force Rome Laboratory, with funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research,84 to build HTML indexes, compile WWW statistics, collect image portfolios, etc.85  TkWWW robot's major advantage was its flexibility in adapting to virtually any criteria to guide its search path and to control its selection of data for retrieval.8687

The search algorithm worked by identifying "web neighborhoods" — finding logically related homepages. The bot returned a list of links in the form of bookmarks. It was limited, however, in that it could include only two links from the original homepages.88

System requirements and technical

tkWWW was originally developed for Unix but would run on any modern operating system where Tcl/Tk is properly installed.899091 To display images, tkWWW requires the xli package.9293

tkWWW has two strictly separated processes: one for the GUI, and another for network interaction and for parsing HTML.94  The latter is compiled C code based on the CERN libwww library.95 The front-end GUI is written in Tcl/Tk, which is interpreted at run time.96

See also

  • Free and open-source software portal
  • internet portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to TkWWW Browser.

References

  1. "Red Hat Linux Unleashed rhl50.htm". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040312/http://puschin.3x.ro/RHL50.HTM ↩

  2. Cockburn, Andy; Jones, Steve (6 December 2000). "Which Way Now? Analysing and Easing Inadequacies in WWW Navigation". International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 45: 105–129. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.25.8504. doi:10.1006/ijhc.1996.0044. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1071581996900440 ↩

  3. Wang, Joseph. "Globewide Network Academy". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 23 November 2024. https://www.mit.edu/afs/athena.mit.edu/course/other/cdsdev/html/tk-www/help/uu-gna.html ↩

  4. "Red Hat Linux Unleashed rhl50.htm". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040312/http://puschin.3x.ro/RHL50.HTM ↩

  5. Berners-Lee, Tim (May 1992). "May World-Wide Web News". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 16 November 2010. http://www.w3.org/News/9305.html ↩

  6. Berners-Lee, Tim; Cailliau, Robert (23–27 September 1992). "World-Wide Web" (PostScript). World Wide Web Conference. World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 16 November 2010. /wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee ↩

  7. LoVerso, John R.; Mazer, Murray S. (July 1997). "Caubweb: Detaching the Web with Tcl" (PDF). Fifth Annual Tcl/Tk Workshop. Boston, Massachusetts: USENIX. Retrieved 28 November 2010. https://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/tcl97/full_papers/loverso/loverso.pdf ↩

  8. "Red Hat Linux Unleashed rhl50.htm". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040312/http://puschin.3x.ro/RHL50.HTM ↩

  9. Wang, Joseph. "tkWWW as a replacement for rrn". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 23 November 2024. https://www.mit.edu/afs/athena.mit.edu/course/other/cdsdev/html/tk-www/help/rrn.html ↩

  10. Wang, Joseph. "tkWWW TODO list". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 23 November 2024. https://www.mit.edu/afs/athena.mit.edu/course/other/cdsdev/html/tk-www/help/todo.html ↩

  11. Wang, Joseph (25 July 1992). "tkWWW-0.1". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 24 November 2010. http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-talk/1992JulAug/0034.html ↩

  12. Wang, Joseph (18 October 1992). "Announcing tkWWW release 0.4". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 16 November 2010. http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-talk/1992SepOct/0023.html ↩

  13. Wang, Joseph (8 February 1993). "Announcing tkWWW Version 0.5 Alpha". 1977.webhistory.org. Retrieved 16 November 2010. http://1997.webhistory.org/www.lists/www-talk.1993q1/0145.html ↩

  14. Wang, Joseph (18 March 1993). "Announcing tkWWW Version 0.6 alpha". The World Wide Web History Project. Retrieved 16 November 2010. http://1997.webhistory.org/www.lists/www-talk.1993q1/0273.html ↩

  15. Wang, Joseph. "Version 0.6". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 23 November 2024. https://www.mit.edu/afs/athena.mit.edu/course/other/cdsdev/html/tk-www/help/v0.6.html ↩

  16. Wang, Joseph (1 May 1993). "Announcing tkWWW 0.7, the first WYWSIWYG X11 HTML editor". The World Wide Web History Project. Retrieved 16 November 2010. http://1997.webhistory.org/www.lists/www-talk.1993q2/0214.html ↩

  17. Liu, Cricket; Peek, Jerry; Jones, Russ (December 1994). Managing Internet information services. O'Reilly Media. p. 292. ISBN 978-1-56592-062-0. 978-1-56592-062-0 ↩

  18. Torkington, Nathan (17 April 1993). "HTML Editing". The World Wide Web History Project. Retrieved 30 November 2010. http://1997.webhistory.org/www.lists/www-talk.1993q2/0105.html ↩

  19. Wang, Joseph (17 April 1993). "Re: HTML Editing". The World Wide Web History Project. Retrieved 30 November 2010. http://1997.webhistory.org/www.lists/www-talk.1993q2/0105.html ↩

  20. Wang, Joseph (1 May 1993). "Announcing tkWWW 0.7, the first WYWSIWYG X11 HTML editor". The World Wide Web History Project. Retrieved 16 November 2010. http://1997.webhistory.org/www.lists/www-talk.1993q2/0214.html ↩

  21. Wang, Joseph. "Version 0.7". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 23 November 2024. https://www.mit.edu/afs/athena.mit.edu/course/other/cdsdev/html/tk-www/help/v0.7.html ↩

  22. Wang, Joseph. "Version 0.8". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 23 November 2024. https://www.mit.edu/afs/athena.mit.edu/course/other/cdsdev/html/tk-www/help/v0.8.html ↩

  23. Wang, Joseph. "Version 0.9". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 23 November 2024. https://www.mit.edu/afs/athena.mit.edu/course/other/cdsdev/html/tk-www/help/v0.9.html ↩

  24. Wang, Joseph. "tkWWW Version 0.9 beta ([email protected])". Retrieved 22 November 2010. ftp://ftp.starhub.net.sg/pub/funet/languages/tcl/contrib/harbor/extensions/tkWWW-0.9.README ↩

  25. Wang, Joseph (26 April 1994). "ANNOUNCING tkWWW-0.11". University of Calgary. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20110706210426/http://web6.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/ksi/archives/WWW-TALK/www-talk-1994q2.messages/346.html ↩

  26. Wang, Joseph (2 April 1995). "ANNOUNCE: Beta version of tkWWW-0.13 is available". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 16 November 2010. http://www.w3.org/Tools/tkWWW.html ↩

  27. Connolly, Dan (28 September 1999). "HTML 2.0 Materials". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 16 November 2010. /wiki/Dan_Connolly_(computer_scientist) ↩

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  29. Wang, Joseph. "tkWWW TODO list". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 23 November 2024. https://www.mit.edu/afs/athena.mit.edu/course/other/cdsdev/html/tk-www/help/todo.html ↩

  30. Wang, Joseph. "Working notes..." Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 23 November 2024. https://www.mit.edu/afs/athena.mit.edu/course/other/cdsdev/html/tk-www/help/local/notes.html ↩

  31. Wang, Joseph. "tkWWW TODO list". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 23 November 2024. https://www.mit.edu/afs/athena.mit.edu/course/other/cdsdev/html/tk-www/help/todo.html ↩

  32. Wang, Joseph. "Working notes..." Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 23 November 2024. https://www.mit.edu/afs/athena.mit.edu/course/other/cdsdev/html/tk-www/help/local/notes.html ↩

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