Chlorurus is a genus of parrotfish from the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Etymology
The word 'Chlorurus' comes from the Greek words 'chloros', which means green and 'oura', which means tail.
Evolution
Chlorurus is most closely related to its sister genus Scarus. Most recent phylogenetic analyses find that the two genera diverged during the late Miocene (Messinian).3 In both genera, most of their diversification occurred some time later, within the last 3.5 million years during the Pliocene.4 In contrast, coral reefs in their modern form were established much earlier, during the Miocene.5
A 2012 phylogenetic analysis of 16 of the 18 Chlorurus species recovered 5 major monophyletic clades.6
Species
There are 18 species:7
| Species | Image |
|---|---|
| Chlorurus atrilunula (Randall & Bruce, 1983) | |
| Chlorurus bleekeri (de Beaufort, 1940) | |
| Chlorurus bowersi (Snyder, 1909) | |
| Chlorurus capistratoides (Bleeker, 1847) | |
| Chlorurus cyanescens (Valenciennes, 1840) | |
| Chlorurus enneacanthus (Lacépède, 1802) | |
| Chlorurus frontalis (Valenciennes, 1840) | |
| Chlorurus genazonatus (Randall & Bruce, 1983) | |
| Chlorurus gibbus (Rüppell, 1829) | |
| Chlorurus japanensis (Bloch, 1789) | |
| Chlorurus microrhinos (Bleeker, 1854) | |
| Chlorurus oedema (Snyder, 1909) | |
| Chlorurus perspicillatus (Steindachner, 1879) | |
| Chlorurus rhakoura Randall & Anderson, 1997 | |
| Chlorurus sordidus (Forsskål, 1775) | |
| Chlorurus spilurus (Valenciennes, 1840) | |
| Chlorurus strongylocephalus (Bleeker, 1855) | |
| Chlorurus troschelii (Bleeker, 1853) |
References
"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Chlorurus Swainson, 1839". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-11-12. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=204543 ↩
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Chlorurus". FishBase. March 2018 version. /wiki/Rainer_Froese ↩
Choat, John. H.; klanten, Oya. S.; Van Herwerden, Lynne; Robertson, D. Ross; Clements, Kendall D. (November 2012). "Patterns and processes in the evolutionary history of parrotfishes (Family Labridae): Evolutionary History of Parrotfishes". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 107 (3): 529–557. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01959.x. https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01959.x ↩
Smith, Lydia L.; Fessler, Jennifer L.; Alfaro, Michael E.; Streelman, J. Todd; Westneat, Mark W. (October 2008). "Phylogenetic relationships and the evolution of regulatory gene sequences in the parrotfishes". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 49 (1): 136–152. Bibcode:2008MolPE..49..136S. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.06.008. PMC 3418665. PMID 18621133. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3418665 ↩
Choat, John. H.; klanten, Oya. S.; Van Herwerden, Lynne; Robertson, D. Ross; Clements, Kendall D. (November 2012). "Patterns and processes in the evolutionary history of parrotfishes (Family Labridae): Evolutionary History of Parrotfishes". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 107 (3): 529–557. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01959.x. https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01959.x ↩
Choat, John. H.; klanten, Oya. S.; Van Herwerden, Lynne; Robertson, D. Ross; Clements, Kendall D. (November 2012). "Patterns and processes in the evolutionary history of parrotfishes (Family Labridae): Evolutionary History of Parrotfishes". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 107 (3): 529–557. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01959.x. https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01959.x ↩
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Chlorurus". FishBase. March 2018 version. /wiki/Rainer_Froese ↩